小學(xué)畢業(yè)英語總復(fù)習(xí)詞類梳理第五節(jié)形容詞和副詞課件

專項(xiàng)提升詞類梳理第五節(jié)形容詞和副詞知識梳理一、形容詞 1.形容詞的概念 形容詞主要用來修飾名詞或代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征或程度好壞等。 2.形容詞的用法 （1）形容詞+名詞，形容詞作定語。如： agoodstudent一位好學(xué)生abusybee一只忙碌的蜜蜂（2）不定代詞+形容詞，形容詞作定語。如：Shetoldmesomethinginterestinglastnight.她昨晚跟我講了一些有趣的事情。Isthereanythingnewtoday?今天有什么新鮮事嗎？（3）系動詞+形容詞，形容詞作表語。如：Thatgirlissmart.那個(gè)女孩很聰明。Thedishtastesdelicious.這道菜嘗起來很美味。二、副詞

1.副詞的概念

副詞是指在句子中表示行為或狀態(tài)特征的詞，用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個(gè)句子，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。

2.副詞的用法

（1）副詞修飾動詞，一般位于動詞之后。如：Thegirlssinghappily.女孩子們唱得很開心。Joedrawsverywell.喬畫畫很好。

（2）頻率副詞常位于助動詞、情態(tài)動詞和系動詞之后或?qū)嵙x動詞之前。如：Itisusuallyhotinsummer.夏天通常很熱。Myfatheroftenwalkshome.我爸爸經(jīng)常步行回家。三、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級 大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個(gè)等級：1.原級（即原形）；2.比較級，意為“更……”；3.最高級，意為“最……”。

1.形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的變化規(guī)則

(1)規(guī)則變化規(guī)則原級比較級最高級一般情況下，比較級在詞尾加-er，最高級在詞尾加-estgreattallclevergreatertallercleverergreatesttallestcleverest續(xù)表規(guī)則原級比較級最高級以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，比較級在詞尾加-r,最高級在詞尾加-stlargenicewidelargernicerwiderlargestnicestwidest續(xù)表規(guī)則原級比較級最高級以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，比較級改y為i，再加-er；最高級改y為i,再加-estheavyeasyhappyearlyheaviereasierhappierearlierheaviesteasiesthappiestearliest續(xù)表規(guī)則原級比較級最高級以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，比較級先雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加-er；最高級先雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加-estfatthinbigwetfatterthinnerbiggerwetterfattestthinnestbiggestwettest續(xù)表規(guī)則原級比較級最高級部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，比較級在詞前加more,最高級在詞前加mostbeautifulexcitinginterestingmorebeautifulmoreexcitingmoreinterestingmostbeautifulmostexcitingmostinteresting(2)不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest2.形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的用法用法舉例比較級表示兩者之間的比較，結(jié)構(gòu)為：比較級+thanHisrulerislongerthanmine.他的尺子比我的長。比較級前可用much,alot,alittle,even等詞修飾Thisboxismuchheavierthanthatone.這個(gè)箱子比那個(gè)重得多。續(xù)表用法舉例比較級“the+比較級，the+比較級”意為“越……，越……”Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.你學(xué)得越多，就知道得越多?！氨容^級+and+比較級”意為“越來越……”It'sgettingcoolerandcooler.天氣越來越?jīng)鏊?。續(xù)表用法舉例最高級表示三者或三者以上的比較，最高級前通常加theJackistheclevereststudentintheclass.杰克是班上最聰明的學(xué)生?！皁neof+the+最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”意為“最……之一”Tomisoneofthebusiestteachersinourschool.湯姆是我們學(xué)校最忙碌的老師之一?！咀ⅰ啃稳菰~和副詞的原級可以用“as+原級+as”結(jié)構(gòu)對兩者進(jìn)行比較，意為“……和……一樣……”。其否定形式為“notas/so+原級+as”，意為“……不如/沒有……”。如：Lilyisastallashersister.莉莉和她的姐姐一樣高。LeoisnotasstrongasThomas.利奧不像托馬斯那么強(qiáng)壯。考點(diǎn)精析【例1】Readandwrite.請仔細(xì)觀察下面左排的單詞，根據(jù)其變化規(guī)則寫出右排所缺的單詞。1.big→bigger

hot→__________2.exciting→excited boring→__________3.good→best

much→__________4.happy→happily easy→__________考查形容詞、副詞的詞形變換考點(diǎn)1解析:此類題考查形容詞和副詞的變換形式，涉及形容詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換、形容詞與副詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換以及形容詞或副詞的比較級、最高級等。答案：1.hotter2.bored3.most4.easily一、Readandwrite.寫出下列單詞的比較級和最高級。1.late→________→________2.thin→________→________3.easy→________→________4.useful→________________→________________laterlatestthinnerthinnesteasiereasiestmoreusefulmostuseful二、Read,circleandcorrect.讀句子，圈出其中的錯(cuò)誤，并把正確答案寫在橫線上。1.Thedaysarelonginsummerthanthatinwinter.________2.Sheisthegoodsinginourschool.________longerbest3.Thisfilmisreallyinterested.Weallloveit.________________4.Marysattherequiet,enjoyingthemusicmadebythebirds.____________________interestingquietly【例2】Read,chooseandfill.選詞填空。YaoMingisa____basketballplayer.Heplaysbasketball____.考查形容詞、副詞的用法考點(diǎn)2good,well解析:good作形容詞，意為“出色的”。well作副詞，意為“好地；出色地”。形容詞修飾名詞，放在名詞之前；副詞修飾動詞，放在動詞之后。答案：good；well【例3】Readandfill.在橫線上寫出畫線單詞的反義詞。Istheboxlightor____？解析:選擇疑問句的選項(xiàng)是一組反義詞，light在此意為“輕的”，故其反義詞為heavy。答案：heavy三、Readandfill.在橫線上寫出畫線單詞的反義詞。1.Thedaysarelonginsummerandthenightsare________.2.Thedictionaryisthick，buttheexercisebookis________.3.Itiscoldinwinter,butit'svery________insummer.shortthinhot四、Read,chooseandfill.選詞填空。1.Sheisa________girl.2.Thatmathsquestionisnotas________asthisone.3.How________therainis！heavy,easy,lovelylovelyeasyheavy【例4】Readandfill.用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Amysings________.Sarahsings________thanAmy.ChenJiesings________inourschool.(well)考查形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的用法考點(diǎn)3解析:此題考查副詞比較級及最高級的用法。第一句話陳述一般性事實(shí)，沒有相互之間的比較，因而用副詞原級well修飾動詞sing。第二句話有than這個(gè)比較級標(biāo)志，此句空格上應(yīng)填well的比較級better來修飾動詞sing。第三句話中有表范圍的介詞短語inourschool，此句修飾sing的副詞應(yīng)是well的最高級best。答案：well；better；best【例5】Readandwrite.請用比較級將下面兩句話合并成一句。I'm11yearsold.Mysisteris8yearsold._____________________________________________解析:此題中的兩個(gè)句子給出的是一組對比關(guān)系，所以，可以用比較級句式將其組合成一句話。答案：I'm3yearsolderthanmysister./Mysisteris3yearsyoungerthanme.五、Readandchoose.讀句子，選擇正確的答案，并將其字母編號填在括號內(nèi)。()1.Ofallmyfamilymembers，mybrotheris____.A.tall

B.taller

C.thetallestC()2.NowBobis____thanhewas.A.morecareful

B.muchcareful C.morecarefully()3.Mybookis____thanyours.A.new B.newer C.morenewerAB六、Readandwrite.按要求完成下列句子。1.I'm135cmtall.Mysisteris135cmtall，too.(用同級表達(dá))_____________________________________________2.Tomis13yearsold.Jimis14yearsold.(用比較級表達(dá))__________________________________________________________________________________________I'mastallasmysister./Mysisterisastallasme.Tomis1yearyoungerthanJim./Jimis1yearolderthanTom.3.Jamesrunsfast.（用最高級表達(dá)）_____________________________________________Jamesrunsthefastestinhisclass.過關(guān)檢測一、Readandwrite.寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級和最高級(省略the)。1.long→____________→____________2.heavy→____________→____________3.wide→____________→____________4.fat→____________→____________longerlongestheavierheaviestwiderwidestfatterfattest5.thin→____________→____________6.early→____________→____________7.slow→____________→____________8.fast→____________→____________9.much→____________→____________10.hot→____________→____________11.many→____________→____________thinnerthinnestearlierearliestslowerslowestfasterfastestmoremosthotterhottestmoremost12.bad→____________→____________13.strong→____________→____________14.short→____________→____________15.well→____________→____________16.good→____________→____________17.lovely→____________→____________18.young→____________→____________worseworststrongerstrongestshortershortestbetterbestbetterbestmorelovelymostlovelyyoungeryoungest19.brightly→________________→_______________20.interesting→________________→________________morebrightlymostbrightlymoreinterestingmostinteresting二、Readandfill.用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Lucyis____________(thin)thanherfriend.2.Winteristhe____________(cold)seasonoftheyear.3.The____________(cheap)bagsareusuallynotthebestones.4.Itsmells____________(terrible).thinnercoldestcheapestterrible5.Dickis____________atmusic,andhealsodoes____________insports.(well)6.Thingsaregetting____________and____________.(bad)7.Whichis____________(heavy)，theelephantorthetiger？goodwellworseworseheavier8.Ieat____________(much)foodthanyou.9.Tomruns____________.ButJohnruns____________intheirclass.(fast)10.Thisrulerisnotas____________(long)asthatone.morefastfastestlong三、Readandfill.在橫線上寫出畫線單詞的反義詞。1.Thereisn'tlittlecleanwrongexpensiveold四、Readandchoose.讀句子，選擇正確的答案，并將其字母編號填在括號內(nèi)。()1.Thisparkis______thanthatone.A.large

B.larger

C.largest()2.Mikejumps______thanMary.A.morehigh B.morehigher C.muchhigherBC()3.The______thegroundis,thethinnertheairbecomes.A.high B.higher

C.highest()4.Thedeskis______，andthetableis______,too.A.big；big B.bigger；bigger C.big；biggestBA()5.Jennysingsthesong______.A.happy B.happier C.happily()6.Theschoolis______newerthanthatone.A.much B.many C.more()7.Youcanseethehospital______.A.easily B.easy

C.moreeasyCAA()8.Ofallmyfriends，Kateis______one.A.tall B.taller C.thetallest()9.Shecandoitas______asme.A.good B.well C.better()10.Shefeels______becauseherfavouritetoywaslost.A.sadly B.sad C.sadnessCBB五、Readandwrite.按要求完成下列句子。1.艾米是最早到達(dá)教室的。（漢譯英）_____________________________________________2.Sarah'sschoolbagisbiggerthanmine.（改為同義句）_____________________________________________Amyistheearliesttogettoschool.MyschoolbagissmallerthanSarah's.3.Heis140cmtall.Hissisteris140cmtall，too.（用同級表達(dá)）_____________________________________________4.Herdressismuchcheaperthanmine.（改為同義句）_____________________________________________5.他是中國最偉大的飛行員之一。（漢譯英）_____________________________________________Hissisterisastallashim./Heisastallashissister.Mydressismuchmoreexpensivethanhers.HeisoneofthegreatestpilotsinChina.六、Readandfill.根據(jù)圖表提示，填寫單詞，補(bǔ)全句子。ZoeAge（年齡）:13Height（身高）:150cmWeight（體重）:43kgBenAge:11Height:158cmWeight:52kgLilyAge:16Height:159cmWeight:48kg1.Benis158cm.Heis____________thanZoe.Butheis____________thanLily.2.A:________________________isLily？B:Sheis159cm.3.A:Whoisthe____________,Zoe,LilyorBen?B:Ben.Heis9kg____________thanZoe.tallershorterHowtallheaviestheavier4.Zoeis____________thanBen，butsheis____________thanLily.Lilyisthe____________ofthethree.5.Zoeis43kg.Sheisthe_______________________oneofthethree.olderyoungeroldestlightest