《物流信息技術(shù)（中英雙語）》課件-1.什么是物流信息技術(shù)

物流信息技術(shù)LogisticsInformationTechnology1.1物流信息認(rèn)知LogisticsInformationCognition任務(wù)導(dǎo)入KnowledgeIntroduction2019年8月，李女士通過某快遞公司從大連向長沙寄出一個(gè)包裹，包裹到達(dá)長沙后，快遞公司在未通知收貨人的情況下，其中大部分物品直接被送到當(dāng)?shù)氐呐f衣回收廠被當(dāng)作垃圾銷毀。李女士得知后非常生氣。InAugust2019,Ms.LisentapackagefromDaliantoChangshathroughacouriercompany.WhenthepackagearrivedinChangsha,thecouriercompany,withoutnotifyingtherecipient,deliveredmostoftheitemsdirectlytoalocalusedclothingrecyclingfactorywheretheyweretreatedasgarbageanddestroyed.Afterlearningthis,Ms.Liwasveryupset.任務(wù)導(dǎo)入KnowledgeIntroduction該快遞公司長沙暮云站點(diǎn)負(fù)責(zé)人表示，此次事件是由于快遞員疏忽，未仔細(xì)辨認(rèn)面單，誤以為是舊衣回收的快遞單，所以才將包裹錯(cuò)誤寄送，具體定損由公司理賠小組進(jìn)行。ThepersoninchargeoftheMuYunsiteinChangshaexpressedthattheincidentoccurredduetothenegligenceofthecourierwhofailedtocarefullyidentifytheshippinglabelandmistakenlythoughtitwasausedclothingrecyclingshipmentlabel,sothepackagewaswronglydelivered.Thespecificlossassessmentwouldbecarriedoutbythecompany'sclaimsgroup.任務(wù)導(dǎo)入KnowledgeIntroduction之后，該快遞公司回應(yīng)稱，李女士已找回部分物品，公司會(huì)對李女士的損失負(fù)責(zé)到底。雖然可以得到經(jīng)濟(jì)賠償，但是包裹里的物品承載著她學(xué)生時(shí)期的很多美好回憶已經(jīng)無法找回，非常遺憾。Later,thecouriercompanyrespondedthatMs.Lihadfoundsomeofheritemsandthecompanywouldtakeresponsibilityforherlossesuntiltheend.Althoughshecouldreceiveeconomiccompensation,manyoftheitemsinthepackagethatheldpreciousmemoriesfromherstudentdayscouldnotberetrieved,whichwasveryregrettable.任務(wù)導(dǎo)入KnowledgeIntroduction物流信息在物流管理中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。Logisticsinformationplaysacriticalroleinlogisticsmanagement.案例分析任務(wù)導(dǎo)入KnowledgeIntroduction什么是物流信息？Whatislogisticsinformation?

物流信息具有哪些特點(diǎn)？Whatarethecharacteristicsoflogisticsinformation?

物流信息的處理要求有哪些？Whataretherequirementsforprocessinglogisticsinformation?信息Information信息是經(jīng)過加工處理后的具有特定表現(xiàn)形式的數(shù)據(jù)，客觀事物經(jīng)過抽象形成數(shù)據(jù)，數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過加工處理形成信息，該信息就是用于反映客觀事物的性質(zhì)、特征、外觀、變化情況等。Informationisprocesseddatawithspecificforms.Theobjectivethingsareabstractedintodata,thedataisprocessedtoforminformation,whichisusedtoreflectthenature,characteristics,appearance,andchangesofobjectivethings.反映Reflect加工處理Processing客觀事物Objectivethings數(shù)據(jù)Data信息Information抽象Abstract信息Information0102數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過加工處理后，會(huì)以表格、流程圖、邏輯圖等形式表現(xiàn)出來，進(jìn)而對信息接收者的行為產(chǎn)生一定影響。Afterdataisprocessed,itwillbepresentedinformssuchastables,flowcharts,logicdiagrams,andsoon,therebyaffectingthebehaviorofinformationreceiverstosomeextent.信息具有特定的表現(xiàn)形式。Informationhasspecificforms.指把客觀事物的性質(zhì)、特征、外觀、變化情況等記錄下來的符號。Asymbolsthatrecordthenature,characteristics,appearance,andchangesofobjectivethings.信息是經(jīng)過加工處理后的數(shù)據(jù)。Informationisprocesseddata.信息的含義Meaningofinformation信息Information到此，我們問同學(xué)們一個(gè)問題：信息會(huì)隨數(shù)據(jù)形式的不同而改變嗎？Uptothispoint,weaskaquestion:Willinformationchangewithdifferentformsofdata?根據(jù)以上所學(xué)，答案是不會(huì)。Accordingtowhatwehavelearned,theanswerisno.物流信息LogisticsInformation

物流信息定義LogisticsInformationDefinition物流信息是反映物流活動(dòng)內(nèi)容的知識、資料、圖像、數(shù)據(jù)的總稱。Logisticsinformationgenerallyreferstoknowledge,materials,images,anddatarelatedtologisticsactivities.物流信息LogisticsInformation

物流信息定義LogisticsInformationDefinition廣義：不僅指與物流活動(dòng)有關(guān)的信息，還包括與其他流通活動(dòng)有關(guān)的信息，如商品交易信息、市場信息等。Broadlydefined:notonlyincludesinformationrelatedtologisticsactivitiesbutalsoencompassesothertypesofinformationrelatedtocirculationactivities,suchascommoditytradinginformationandmarketinformation.狹義：指與物流活動(dòng)（如運(yùn)輸、保管、包裝、裝卸、流通加工等）有關(guān)的信息。Narrowlydefined:referstoinformationrelatedtologisticsactivities,suchastransportation,storage,packaging,loadingandunloading,circulationprocessing,andsoon.物流信息LogisticsInformation

物流信息分類

Typesoflogisticsinformation分類依據(jù)

ClassificationCriteria類型

Types按信息在物流活動(dòng)中所起的作用分Accordingtotheroleplayedbyinformationinlogisticsactivities控制信息ControlInformation作業(yè)信息OperationalInformation輔助信息AuxiliaryInformation按信息來源分Accordingtothesourceoftheinformation外部信息ExternalInformation內(nèi)部信息InternalInformation按信息的加工程度分Accordingtothedegreeofinformationprocessing原始信息RawInformation加工信息ProcessedInformation按信息的方向分Accordingtothedirectionofinformation正向信息ForwardInformation逆向信息ReverseInformation物流信息LogisticsInformation

案例分析

Caseanalysis快遞員小王把他收到的貨物送到快遞公司，分揀員小李根據(jù)分揀單分揀貨物，由裝卸工完成裝車；司機(jī)老劉把貨物運(yùn)到目的地附近的快遞站點(diǎn)，由快遞員小張進(jìn)行投遞，完成交易。DeliverymanXiaoWangbringsthegoodshereceivedtothecouriercompany.SorterXiaoLisortsoutthegoodsaccordingtothesortinglist,andtheloadercompletestheloading.DriverLaoLiutransportsthegoodstoanearbycourierstationatthedestination,wheredeliverymanXiaoZhangdeliversthepackageandcompletesthetransaction.物流信息LogisticsInformation

上述操作中涉及哪些物流信息？Whatkindsoflogisticsinformationareinvolvedintheseoperations?按照信息在物流活動(dòng)中所起的作用分，這里涉及的物流信息有控制信息和作業(yè)信息。Accordingtotheroleplayedbyinformationinlogisticsactivities,thelogisticsinformationinvolvedhereincludescontrolinformationandoperationalinformation.

？物流信息LogisticsInformation

及時(shí)Timeliness實(shí)用Practicality準(zhǔn)確Accuracy經(jīng)濟(jì)Economy物流信息的處理要求

RequirementsforProcessingLogisticsInformation處理要求RequirementsforProcessing物流信息LogisticsInformation

及時(shí)Timeliness物流信息具有更新快、實(shí)時(shí)性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)。為了充分發(fā)揮物流信息的使用價(jià)值，促使物流活動(dòng)順利、高效地進(jìn)行，物流企業(yè)必須及時(shí)地對物流信息進(jìn)行記錄、反饋、加工、檢索和傳遞，使其盡可能與物流活動(dòng)同步。Logisticsinformationhasthecharacteristicoffastupdatesandstrongreal-timeperformance,Tofullyutilizethevalueoflogisticsinformationandfacilitatesmoothandefficientlogisticsoperations,logisticscompaniesmustpromptlyrecord,feedback,process,retrieve,andtransmitlogisticsinformation,keepingitsynchronizedwithlogisticsactivitiesasmuchaspossible.物流信息LogisticsInformation

準(zhǔn)確Accuracy處理物流信息所依據(jù)的原始數(shù)據(jù)必須可靠，且處理后所得的物流信息必須能準(zhǔn)確地反映物流的實(shí)際情況。Theoriginaldatausedtohandlelogisticsinformationmustbereliable,andtheresultinglogisticsinformationshouldaccuratelyreflecttheactualsituation.物流信息LogisticsInformation

實(shí)用Practicality經(jīng)處理后所得到的物流信息必須是與各管理部門的工作相關(guān)的、有價(jià)值的信息。如果處理后的物流信息仍需要分類、匯總或篩選，則表明該物流信息是不實(shí)用的。Theprocessedlogisticsinformationmustberelevantandvaluabletotheworkofvariousmanagementdepartments.Iftheprocessedlogisticsinformationstillrequiressorting,summarizing,orscreening,itindicatesthatthelogisticsinformationisnotpractical.物流信息LogisticsInformation

經(jīng)濟(jì)

Economy物流信息涉及面廣，種類繁雜，數(shù)量龐大，企業(yè)必須對物流信息的處理方法和技術(shù)手段進(jìn)行成本分析，使其不僅實(shí)用而且經(jīng)濟(jì)，而不是盲目地追求自動(dòng)化水平。Logisticsinformationcoversawiderange,iscomplex,andcomesinlargequantities.Enterprisesmustconductcostanalysisonthemethodsandtechnicalmeansofhandlinglogisticsinformationtoensurethattheyarebothpracticalandeconomicalratherthanblindlypursuingautomationlevels.物流信息LogisticsInformation

（1）什么是物流信息？(1)Whatislogisticsinformation?物流信息是反映物流活動(dòng)內(nèi)容的知識、資料、圖像、數(shù)據(jù)的總稱。Logisticsinformationreferstothegeneraltermforknowledge,materials,images,anddatarelatedtologisticsactivities.

？物流信息LogisticsInformation

（2）物流信息具有哪些特點(diǎn)？(2)Whatarethefeaturesoflogisticsinformation?信息量大，涉及面廣；動(dòng)態(tài)性和實(shí)時(shí)性強(qiáng)；以及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度高等三個(gè)特點(diǎn)。Logisticsinformationhasthreemaincharacteristics:largevolume,broadcoverage,dynamicnature,strongreal-timeproperties,andhighstandardization.

？物流信息LogisticsInformation

（3）物流信息的處理有哪些要求呢？(3)Whataretherequirementsforprocessinglogisticsinformation?物流信息處理時(shí)要求做到及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、實(shí)用、經(jīng)濟(jì)等。Whenprocessinglogisticsinformation,therequirementsaretimeliness,accuracy,practicality,andeconomy.

？任務(wù)實(shí)施TaskImplementation任務(wù)一：查閱如下一個(gè)物流網(wǎng)站，大家看看這個(gè)物流網(wǎng)站都包含了哪些信息？Task1:Checkthefollowinglogisticswebsitetoseewhatkindofinformationitcontains.大家首先是登錄網(wǎng)址，國家交通運(yùn)輸物流公共信息平臺(tái)這個(gè)網(wǎng)址，()，彈出如下窗口界面：First,logontothewebsite,theNationalPublicInformationPlatformforTransportationandLogistics(),andthefollowingwindowinterfacewillappear.倉儲(chǔ)管理系統(tǒng)的功能FunctionsofWarehouseManagementSystem然后是分組，每組3-4人，每個(gè)小組一起認(rèn)真閱讀網(wǎng)站，將從網(wǎng)站中捕獲的所有物流信息記錄下下來；Next,dividestudentsintogroupsof3-4.Eachgroupshouldcarefullyreadthewebsitetogetherandrecordalllogisticsinformationobtainedfromthewebsite.最后每組派一個(gè)學(xué)生代表匯報(bào)通過閱讀網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容，都收集哪些信息，教師點(diǎn)評并評分。任務(wù)完成后大家將作業(yè)提交到平臺(tái)上保存。Finally,eachgroupshouldappointarepresentativetoreportthecollectedinformationtotheteacherwhowillreviewandscoreit.Aftercompletingthetask,pleasesubmityourworktotheplatformforsaving.1.2物流信息技術(shù)認(rèn)知LogisticsInformationTechnologyCognition任務(wù)導(dǎo)入KnowledgeIntroduction海爾立體倉庫的成功運(yùn)用得益于企業(yè)內(nèi)部物流信息系統(tǒng)的使用，通過計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行管理必須要求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的包裝、機(jī)械化的搬運(yùn)、對物料進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一編碼等，其實(shí)就是使用相應(yīng)物流信息技術(shù)提升企業(yè)的管理和運(yùn)營效率，節(jié)約成本，企業(yè)效益明顯增加。Haier'ssuccessfulapplicationofthemulti-levelwarehousewasduetotheuseofaninternallogisticsinformationsystemthatrequiredstandardizedpackaging,mechanizedhandling,unifiedcodingofmaterials,andtheuseoflogisticsinformationtechnologytoimprovemanagementandoperatingefficiency,savecosts,andsignificantlyincreaseprofits.任務(wù)導(dǎo)入KnowledgeIntroduction海爾由于使用物流信息管理系統(tǒng)，降低了物料的庫存，企業(yè)的利潤大大增加。Haier'suseofalogisticsinformationmanagementsystemledtolowerinventoryofmaterialsandincreasedprofits.任務(wù)導(dǎo)入KnowledgeIntroduction什么是物流信息化？Whatislogisticsinformatization?什么是物流信息技術(shù)？Whatislogisticsinformationtechnology?企業(yè)為什么要努力提高自身的物流信息化水平？Whydocompaniesstrivetoimprovetheirlogisticsinformatization?思考ThinkDeeply物流信息化LogisticsInformatization物流信息化的概念DefinitionofLogisticsInformatization物流信息化是指物流企業(yè)運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)對物流過程中產(chǎn)生的全部或部分信息進(jìn)行采集、分類、傳遞、匯總、識別、跟蹤和查詢等一系列處理活動(dòng)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)對物流全過程的控制，從而降低成本，提高企業(yè)的效益。Logisticsinformatizationreferstoaseriesofprocessingactivitiesinvolvingthecollection,categorization,transmission,aggregation,identification,tracking,andqueryingofallorpartoftheinformationgeneratedduringthelogisticsprocess.Thepurposeoftheseactivitiesistoachievecontrolovertheentirelogisticsprocessinordertoreducecostsandincreaseenterpriseefficiency.物流信息化LogisticsInformatization物流信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)化Network-basedLogisticsInformation利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，各個(gè)物流節(jié)點(diǎn)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)信息的實(shí)時(shí)傳遞和共享。Thereal-timetransferandsharingofinformationamonglogisticsnodesthroughtheuseofnetworktechnology.物流過程信息化InformationalizationofLogisticsProcesses通過建立高度集成的物流信息系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)物流活動(dòng)的信息化。Creatingahighlyintegratedlogisticsinformationsystemtoachieveinformationalizationoftheentirelogisticsactivity.物流管理信息化InformationalizationofLogisticsManagement改善物流管理工作費(fèi)時(shí)、費(fèi)力的狀況，大大提高物流管理工作的效率。Improvetheinefficiencyoflogisticsmanagementwork,whichgreatlyincreasestheefficiencyoflogisticsmanagementwork.物流信息化LogisticsInformatization物流信息化LogisticsInformatization經(jīng)營網(wǎng)絡(luò)化Network-BasedOperation將網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)運(yùn)用到物流企業(yè)運(yùn)營的各個(gè)方面，包括企業(yè)內(nèi)部管理的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化和對外聯(lián)系的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化。Applyingnetworktechnologytoallaspectsofalogisticscompany’soperations,includinginternalmanagementandexternalconnections.設(shè)施自動(dòng)化AutomatedFacilities貨物的接收、分揀、裝卸、運(yùn)送、監(jiān)控等環(huán)節(jié)都采用自動(dòng)化技術(shù)來完成。Usingautomatedtechnologytocompletestagessuchasreceiving,sorting,loadingandunloading,transporting,andmonitoringgoods.物流信息化LogisticsInformatization現(xiàn)代物流信息技術(shù)ModernLogisticsInformationTechnology物流信息技術(shù)的概念ModernLogisticsInformationTechnology物流信息技術(shù)是指運(yùn)用于物流領(lǐng)域的信息技術(shù)，它涵蓋了從物流數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)識別與采集的條碼系統(tǒng)到物流運(yùn)輸設(shè)備的自動(dòng)跟蹤；從企業(yè)資源的計(jì)劃優(yōu)化到各企業(yè)單位間的電子數(shù)據(jù)交換；從辦公自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中的微型計(jì)算機(jī)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的各種終端設(shè)備等硬件到各種物流信息系統(tǒng)軟件的相關(guān)信息技術(shù)。LogisticsinformationtechnologyreferstoITappliedinlogistics,encompassingeverythingfrombarcodesystemsforautomaticrecognitionanddatacollectioninlogisticstoautomatedtrackingequipment,resourceplanningoptimizationamongcompanies,electronicdatainterchangebetweenunits,hardwarecomponentssuchasmicrocomputerswithinofficeautomationsystems,andvarioussoftwaresystemsusedforlogisticsinformationsystems.現(xiàn)代物流信息技術(shù)ModernLogisticsInformationTechnology常用物流信息技術(shù)

CommonLogisticsTechnologies數(shù)據(jù)庫Database射頻識別Radio-frequencyIdentification電子數(shù)據(jù)交換ElectronicDataInterchange213全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)GlobalPositioningSystem綜合物流平臺(tái)IntegratedLogisticsPlatform546地理信息系統(tǒng)GeographicInformationSystems現(xiàn)代物流信息技術(shù)ModernLogisticsInformationTechnologyRFIDRFID射頻識別是一種非接觸式的自動(dòng)識別技術(shù)，它通過射頻信號自動(dòng)識別目標(biāo)對象并獲取相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，識別工作無須人工干預(yù)，可工作于各種惡劣環(huán)境。Radio-frequencyIdentification(RFID)isanon-contactautomaticidentificationtechnologythatusesradiofrequencysignalstoautomaticallyidentifytargetsandobtainrelateddatawithouthumanintervention,workingevenunderharshenvironmentalconditions.現(xiàn)代物流信息技術(shù)ModernLogisticsInformationTechnology數(shù)據(jù)庫

Database通過數(shù)據(jù)庫可以實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)共享，減少數(shù)據(jù)冗余；具有統(tǒng)一的數(shù)據(jù)控制功能等。Adatabaseallowsfordatasharingandreducesredundancy,allowingforcentralizeddatacontrolfunctions.現(xiàn)代物流信息技術(shù)ModernLogisticsInformationTechnologyEDI

EDI，電子數(shù)據(jù)交換,它是指通過電子方式，采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的格式，利用計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸和交換。EDIstandsforElectronicDataInterchange(EDI),referringtotheelectronicexchangeofstructureddatausingstandardizedformatsviacomputernetworks.現(xiàn)代物流信息技術(shù)ModernLogisticsInformationTechnologyGPS

GPS，全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)，是一種先進(jìn)的導(dǎo)航技術(shù)，它由發(fā)射裝置和接收裝置構(gòu)成。GPSstandsforGlobalPositioningSystem,whichisanadvancednavigationtechnologymadeupoftransmittersandreceivers.現(xiàn)代物流信息技術(shù)ModernLogisticsInformationTechnologyGIS

GIS，地理信息系統(tǒng)，它以地理空間數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，采用地理模型分析方法，適時(shí)地提供多種空間的和動(dòng)態(tài)的地理信息，是一種為地理研究和地理決策服務(wù)的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)系統(tǒng)。GISstandsforGeographicInformationSystems,whichutilizesgeographicmodelingmethodstoprovidespatialanddynamicgeographicinformationbasedongeospatialdata.GISisacomputertechnologysystemservinggeographicresearchanddecision-makingpurposes.現(xiàn)代物流信息技術(shù)ModernLogisticsInformationTechnology綜合物流平臺(tái)

IntegratedLogisticsPlatform綜合物流平臺(tái)能實(shí)現(xiàn)一體化物流作業(yè)執(zhí)行，也能實(shí)現(xiàn)業(yè)務(wù)與財(cái)務(wù)一體化、動(dòng)態(tài)跟蹤服務(wù)，還能實(shí)現(xiàn)在線服務(wù)營銷、公司與客戶、代理商、供應(yīng)商等商務(wù)協(xié)同、量化績效管理、強(qiáng)大的決策支持等。

Integratedlogisticsplatformcanexecutinglogisticoperations,unifyingbusinessandfinancialope