Unit1 Food matters Grammar and usage 課件 -高中英語(yǔ)譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

Unit1To-infinitives

MILK一.Definition

動(dòng)詞不定式to-infinitive一詞來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)“infinitivus

”，含義為“unlimited,indefinite”(不受限制，不確定)。它是指動(dòng)詞中不帶詞形變化從而不指人稱(chēng)，數(shù)量，時(shí)態(tài)的一種形式。

Iwanttoeatanapple.Shewantstoeatanapple.Theywanttoeat

apples.Iwanted

toeatanapple.人稱(chēng)數(shù)量時(shí)態(tài)1.Thedefinitionofto-infinitive

MILK二.Forms語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)dobedoinghavedonebedonebedoingdonehavebeendone1.TheformsofverbsMILK語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)todotobedoingtohavedonebedonetohavebeendone2.Theformsofin-finitiveMILK

1.Toclimbupthemountainiseasy,whiletogodownthehillsishard.2.Ittookyearsofworktoachieve

thegoalofcarbonneutrality(碳中和).3.Iwenttotheannualearthquakeworkshop

tolearnsomesafetytips.4.Theauthoritiestoldthelocalpeopletostayinside

whenthetyphoonarrived.5.Theyarrivedattheairport

onlytofind

theflighthadbeencancelled。6.Thingsturnedouttobe

muchbetterthanwehadexpected.7.Beforewereturnedhome,theflooddamageneeded

toberepaired.8.Thiswasthelastcity

tobeclearedof

peoplebeforethevolcanoerupted.subjectsubjectadverbialofpurposeobjectcomplementadverbialofresultpredicativeobjectattributive3.判斷不定式在下列句子中作何成分三.To-infinitivesassubjects不定式作主語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，表示具體的、一次性的或者表示將來(lái)含義的動(dòng)作，

且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。如：

Tomasteranewskillisnotaneasything.

Toseeistobelieve.

Tohelpothersisourduty.Totalkwithherisagreatpleasure.To-infinitiveassubjects

動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)

3.如果and連接兩個(gè)或更多并列的不定式(不定式短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)

數(shù);但作為一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Toimprovepeople’slivesandtospeedupprosperity______(be)ourtasks.Whenandwheretodo________________________(notdecide)yet.Whattodoandwheretodo________________________(notdecide)yet.isarehasn’tbeendecidedhaven’tbeendecidedTo-infinitiveassubjects

動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)2.單個(gè)不定式(不定式短語(yǔ))做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Toplaybasketball______(be)great.

To-infinitiveassubjects

動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)4.動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了保持句子平衡，往往用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而

將動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)置于句末。常見(jiàn)的句型有以下四種：2)Ittakessb.＋sometime＋todosth.

Ittookmeanhourtorepairmybike.1)It＋be＋名詞＋todosth.

Itisstillaproblemtodecidewhatweshoulddonext.

To-infinitiveassubjects

動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)4)

It’s＋adj.＋ofsb.＋todosth

該句型的形容詞多為修飾人，例如:careless,clever,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,stupid,wise等。It’scleverofyoutoworkoutthemathsproblems.=Youareclevertoworkoutthemathsproblems.adverbial3)It＋be＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.該句型的形容詞多修飾事物，例

如:

difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible等。

It’sverydangerousforchildrentocrossthebusystreet

用it做形式主語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)下面句子(1)TospeakEnglishwellisn'taneasyjob.

(2)Toimproveourteachingmethodsisveryimportant.(3)Totalkwithherisagreatpleasure.

(4)Tolookupeverynewwordwouldbeawasteoftime.

Itisn’taneasyjobtospeakEnglish.

Itisveryimportanttoimproveourteachingmethods.

Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithher.Itwouldbeawasteoftimetolookupeverynewword.PPractice

To-infinitiveassubjects

動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)

5.“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”構(gòu)成的不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單

數(shù)。常見(jiàn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞有：what,who,which,when,where,why,

how

等。hasn’tisWheretoholdthemeeting

_________(has)beendecided.Howtorelievethepain_____(be)aquestion.四.To-infinitivesaspredicatives動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)，通常說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容。其主語(yǔ)通常是

aim,

ambition,dream,duty,goal,idea,plan,purpose,task,way,wish等表示

意向、打算、計(jì)劃的詞。如：Hisambitionis__________(become)

anactor.Herdutyis___________(lookafter)

thechildren.

tobecometolookafterTobeadoctorismydream.To-infinitiveaspredicatives

動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)（不定式作表語(yǔ)通?？梢院椭髡Z(yǔ)位置互換）

Mydreamistobeadoctor.＝2.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)省略to的情況動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to一般不能省略，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有從句且

從句謂語(yǔ)部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可以省略。To-infinitiveaspredicatives

動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)①Allweneedtodois(to)liveeachdaywithpassion.

我們需要做的就是充滿(mǎn)激情地過(guò)好每一天。②Don'tworry.Whatyouneedtodois(to)haveagoodsleep.

別擔(dān)心，你需要做的就是好好睡一覺(jué)。3.某些系動(dòng)詞，如be，seem（看起來(lái)），appear（看起來(lái)），prove

（證明），turnout（結(jié)果）等，后面可以接不定式作表語(yǔ)。其中，除了be動(dòng)詞之外，seem、appear、prove、turnout后面的表語(yǔ)若是以“tobe+...”的形式出現(xiàn)，通?？梢允÷詔obe。provesTo-infinitiveaspredicatives

動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)He

seems(tobe)busy.

＝He

appears(tobe)busy.Theplan

_________(prove)right.

＝Theplan

turnsout(tobe)right.

某些動(dòng)詞的不定式與be動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,如beto

let(出租),betoblame(應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任)等。特別注意①Thehouseistolet.

這所房子要出租。②Who

istoblamefortheaccident?

誰(shuí)應(yīng)該為這起事故負(fù)責(zé)?動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)都是用于表示主語(yǔ)“是什么”,但動(dòng)詞不定式做表語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次性的、具體的、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一般性的、抽象的、經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。特別注意Theman'sjobistopaintthewalls.這位男士的工作是粉刷這些墻。Theman'sjobispaintingwalls.這位男士的工作是粉刷墻。(表示經(jīng)常性的日常工作)(表示一次性的、具體的、目前要做的事情)

有些系動(dòng)詞，如sound、smell、taste、feel、become等，通常不可以接不定式作表語(yǔ)。

F

T

F特別注意練習(xí)：判斷下列句子正誤Itsmellstobedelicious.Thebookseemsavailable.Thecaketastestobeyummy.五.To-infinitivesasobjects動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)To-infinitiveasobjects

動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)1.不定式可跟在一些動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)，如:

afford,aim,promise,refuse,

decide,manage,hope,expect等。Thiscompanyrefused_____________(cooperate)withus.tocooperate2.當(dāng)不定式（短語(yǔ)）在某個(gè)句子中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，常用it

作形式賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有find,think,make,consider,feel,suppose等。Hemakesitarulenever

toborrowmoney.Wefinditveryimportant__________(learn)Englishwell.tolearnRewritethefollowingsentences,usingto-infinitives.(1)ThenextdishthatthecookwillprepareisKungPaoChicken.(attributive).(2)Thepreparationofhome-cookedmealsiseasyandenjoyable.(subject)(3)Herdreamisthatshewillopenarestaurantsomeday.(predicative)ThenextdishtobepreparedbythecookisKungPaoChicken.Topreparehome-cookedmealsiseasyandenjoyable./Itiseasyandenjoyabletopreparehome-cookedmeals.Herdreamistoopenarestaurantsomeday.B1Rewritethefollowingsentences,usingto-infinitives.(4)Wewillputthepotatoesinthepotfirstinorderthattheywillbecookedquickly.(adverbialofpurpose)(5)IconsidertheSoupoftheDayasthebestoptiononthemenu.(objectcomplement)ThenextdishtobepreparedbythecookisKungPaoChicken.Topreparehome-cookedmealsiseasyandenjoyable./Itiseasyandenjoyabletopreparehome-cookedmeals.B1Completethearticlewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.

Aslongasyouarenotafraidofheights,youwillbeimpressedbySkyBuffet,thelatestrestaurantinthecitycentre.(1)_________(locate)atthetopofTower88,itgivesyouanamazingviewofthebay.Betterstill,itsentireseatingareaturnsslowlyanditisenjoyable(2)_________(see)thesceneryoutsidewhilehavingyourmeal.Sinceittakesaboutanhour(3)________(tu