翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類真題3

翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類真題3SectionⅠEnglishChineseTranslation1.

Ayearago,thislushcoastalfieldnearRomewas（江南博哥）filledwithorderlyrowsofdelicatedurumwheat,usedtomakehighqualityItalianpasta.Todayitoverflowswithrapeseed,atall,gnarledweedlikeplantburstingwithcoarseyellowflowersthathasbecomeanewmannaforEuropeanfarmers:rapeseedcanbeturnedintobiofuel.

Luredbygenerousnewsubsidiestodevelopalternativeenergysources—andameasureofconcernaboutthefutureoftheplanet—Europeanfarmersareplungingintogrowingcropsthatcanbeturnedintofuelsmeanttoproducefeweremissionsthangasoroilwhenburned.TheyarechasingaftertheircounterpartsintheAmericaswhohavebeencroppingforbiofuelformorethanfiveyears.

"Thisisamuch-neededboosttooureconomy,ourfarms,"saidMarcelloPini,afarmer,standinginfrontoftheseaofwavingyellowflowersheplantedforthefirsttimethisyear."Ofcoursewehopeithelpstheenvironment,too."

InMarch,theEuropeanCommission,disappointedbytheslowgrowthofthebiofuelsindustryinEurope,approvedadirectivethatincludeda"bindingtarget"requiringmemberstatestouse10percentbiofuelfortransportby2020—themostambitiousandspecificgoalintheworld.

MostEUstatesarecurrentlyfarfromachievingthetarget,andareintroducingnewincentivesandsubsidiestoboostproduction.

Asaresult,bioenergycropshavenowreplacedfoodasthemostprofitablecropinanumberEuropeancountries.InthispartofItaly,forexample,thegovernmentguaranteesthepurchaseofbiofuelcropsat€22per100kilograms,or$13.42per100pounds—nearlytwicethe€11-to-€12rateper100kilogramsofwheatontheopenmarketlastyear.Betterstill,Europeanfarmersareallowedtoplantbiofuelcropson"set-aside"fields,landthatEUagriculturepolicywouldotherwiserequirethemtoleavefallowtopreventanoversupplyoffood.

ButanexpertpanelconvenedbytheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganizationthismonthpointedoutthatthebiofuelsboomproducesbothbenefitsaswellastradeoffandrisks—includinghigherandwildlyfluctuatingglobalfoodprices.Insomemarketsgrainpriceshavenearlydoubledbecausefarmersareplantingforbiofuels.

"Atatimewhenagriculturalpricesarelow,incomesbiofuelandimprovesthelotoffarmersandinjectslifeintoruralareas,"saidGustavoBest,anexpertattheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationinRome."Butasthescalegrowsandthedemandforbiofuelcropsseemstobeinfinite,we'reseeingsomenegativeeffectsandweneedtoholdupayellowlight."

JosetteSheeran,thenewheadoftheUNWorldFoodprogram,whichfednearly90millionpeoplein2006,saidthatbiofuelscreatednewdilemmasforheragency."Anincreaseingrainpricesimpactsusbecauseweareamajorprocurerofgrainforfood.Sobiofuelsarebothachallengeandanopportunity."

InEurope,therapidconversionoffieldsthatoncegrewwheatorbarleytobiofueloilslikerapeseedisalreadyleadingtoshortagesofingredientsformakingpastaandbrewingbeer,supplierssay.Thatcouldtranslateintohigherpricesinsupermarkets.

"Newandincreasingdemandforbioenergyproductionhasputhighpressureonthewholeworldgrainmarket,"saidClaudiaConti,aspokeswomanforBarilla,oneofthelargestItalianpastamakers."NotonlyGermanbeerproducers,butMexicantortillamakershaveseethecostoftheirmainrawmaterialgrowingquicklytohistoricalhighs."

Forsomeexperts,moreworrisomeisthepotentialimpacttolow-incomeconsumersfromthedisplacementoffoodcropsbybioenergyplantings.Inthedevelopingworld,theshiftfromgrowingfoodtogrowingmorelucrativebiofuelcropsdestinedforrichercountriescouldcreateserioushungeranddamagetheenvironmentinplaceswherewildlandisconvertedtobiofuelcultivation,theFAOexpertpanelconcluded.

ButofficialsattheEuropeanCommissionsaytheyarepursuingameasuredcoursethatwillpreventtheworstpriceandsupplyproblemsthathaveplaguedAmericanmarkets.

"WeseeintheUnitedStatesfarmersgoingcrazygrowingcornforbiofuels,butalsoproducingshortagesoffoodandfeed,"saidMichaelMann,acommissionspokesman."Soweseebiofuelasagoodopportunity—butitshouldn'tbethebe-allandend-allforagriculture."

Inarecentspeech,MariannFischerBoel,theEUagricultureandruraldevelopmentcommissioner,saidthatthe10percentEUtargetwas"notashotinthedark,"butrathercarefullychosentoencouragealevelofbiofuelindustrygrowththatwouldnotproduceunduehardshipfortheContinent'spoor.Overthenext14years,shecalculated,itwouldpushuprawmaterialpricesforcerealby3percentto6percentby2020,whilepricesforoilseedmayrisebetween5percentand18percent.Butfoodpricesontheshelveswouldbarelychange,shesaid.正確答案：一年前，羅馬附近這片綠油油的沿海農(nóng)田還到處生長(zhǎng)著一排排的硬質(zhì)小麥，這種小麥?zhǔn)侵谱鲀?yōu)質(zhì)意面不可或缺的原料?，F(xiàn)如今，這里已是遍地油菜，這種開黃花的多節(jié)、高稈植物看似雜草，現(xiàn)在則成為歐洲農(nóng)民的一大福音：油菜可以用來(lái)生產(chǎn)生物燃料。

生物燃料比石油、天然氣更加清潔?，F(xiàn)在歐洲對(duì)發(fā)展替代能源給予大量補(bǔ)貼，同時(shí)人們也開始對(duì)地球的未來(lái)感到擔(dān)憂，在這種背景下，歐洲的農(nóng)民紛紛改種生物燃料作物。美洲農(nóng)民種植生物燃料作物已有五年多的歷史，歐洲農(nóng)民現(xiàn)在也正步其后塵。

“我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)、我們的農(nóng)場(chǎng)正急需這種推動(dòng)力，”農(nóng)民馬爾切洛·皮尼站在地頭說(shuō)。他今年是第一次種植油菜，田里油菜花恣意怒放，黃色的花海隨風(fēng)蕩漾。他說(shuō)：“當(dāng)然，我們也希望發(fā)展生物燃料能有助于環(huán)保?！?/p>

歐洲生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展緩慢，歐洲委員會(huì)對(duì)此大為失望，在3月份通過(guò)了一份議案，其中包括一項(xiàng)約束性指標(biāo)，要求各成員國(guó)到2020年確保生物燃料占到交通能源供應(yīng)的10%，這是世界范圍內(nèi)最為宏偉也最為具體的有關(guān)生物燃料發(fā)展的目標(biāo)。

大部分歐盟國(guó)家現(xiàn)在離這一目標(biāo)還相距甚遠(yuǎn)，紛紛出臺(tái)新的激勵(lì)措施并提供更多補(bǔ)貼來(lái)支持生物燃料的生產(chǎn)。

在一些歐洲國(guó)家，生物燃料作物現(xiàn)已取代糧食作物，成為最有利可圖的作物品種。比如，在意大利的上述地區(qū)，政府對(duì)生物燃料作物實(shí)行最低收購(gòu)價(jià)，為每百公斤22歐元，折合每百磅13.42美元，去年公開市場(chǎng)的小麥價(jià)格僅為每百公斤11至12歐元，價(jià)格相差近一倍。歐洲為避免出現(xiàn)糧食供過(guò)于求而規(guī)劃了休耕地，農(nóng)民們現(xiàn)在獲準(zhǔn)在休耕地里種植生物燃料作物，這更是一大利好。

不過(guò)，本月聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織召開的專家小組會(huì)議指出，生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展有利也有弊，導(dǎo)致全球糧價(jià)高漲、劇烈波動(dòng)。在有些國(guó)家，農(nóng)民紛紛改種生物燃料作物，致使糧價(jià)已近翻番。

“正當(dāng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格低迷之時(shí)，生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)開始興起，不僅改善了農(nóng)民的生活，也為農(nóng)村地區(qū)增添了活力，”糧農(nóng)組織專家古斯塔沃·貝斯特說(shuō)，“不過(guò)隨著生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大，同時(shí)人們對(duì)生物燃料作物似乎有無(wú)限需求，這個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展正產(chǎn)生一些負(fù)面影響，我們需要亮起黃燈(來(lái)警醒世人)。”

2006年聯(lián)合國(guó)世界糧食署為近9000萬(wàn)人提供了糧食援助，該機(jī)構(gòu)新任總干事約瑟特·施林稱，生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展使糧食署又陷入窘境。她說(shuō)：“我們糧食署是糧食主要采購(gòu)方，糧價(jià)上漲肯定對(duì)我們的工作產(chǎn)生影響。因此，生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存。”

許多供應(yīng)商說(shuō)，歐洲過(guò)去種植小麥或大麥的農(nóng)田現(xiàn)在紛紛改種油菜等生物燃料作物，制作意面、釀造啤酒所需的原料開始出現(xiàn)短缺，這最終會(huì)推高超市食品的價(jià)格。

“生物燃料需求不斷增加，對(duì)全球糧食市場(chǎng)已造成巨大壓力，”意大利意面生產(chǎn)龍頭企業(yè)巴里拉的發(fā)言人克勞迪亞·孔蒂說(shuō)，“不僅是德國(guó)啤酒釀造商，就連墨西哥薄餅制造商的主要原材料成本都出現(xiàn)飆升，創(chuàng)下歷史新高。”

有些專家認(rèn)為，改種生物燃料作物對(duì)低收入群體的潛在影響更令人擔(dān)憂。糧農(nóng)組織專家小組得出結(jié)論稱，在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，農(nóng)民開始改種更有利可圖的生物燃料作物以滿足發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的能源需求，特別是有些地區(qū)甚至利用荒地來(lái)種植生物燃料作物，這將會(huì)給當(dāng)?shù)卦斐蓢?yán)重饑餓和環(huán)境破壞。

不過(guò)，歐洲委員會(huì)官員們稱，他們正在實(shí)施穩(wěn)步有序的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，美洲市場(chǎng)曾出現(xiàn)的糧食價(jià)格和供應(yīng)方面的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題(糧價(jià)飆升和糧食短缺問(wèn)題)不會(huì)在歐洲發(fā)生。

“美國(guó)農(nóng)民紛紛種植玉米用于生產(chǎn)生物燃料，但同時(shí)糧食和動(dòng)物飼料卻出現(xiàn)短缺，”歐洲委員會(huì)發(fā)言人邁克爾·曼說(shuō)，“所以，我們認(rèn)為生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展確實(shí)是個(gè)良機(jī)，但不應(yīng)成為農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的終極目標(biāo)?！?/p>

歐盟農(nóng)業(yè)專員瑪麗安·費(fèi)舍·珀?duì)栐谧罱难葜v中曾說(shuō)，歐盟所設(shè)定的比重10%的目標(biāo)“并非無(wú)的放矢”，而是經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)真考慮后制定的，旨在促進(jìn)生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的同時(shí)不會(huì)給歐洲的貧困群體帶來(lái)過(guò)重負(fù)擔(dān)。她說(shuō)，從現(xiàn)在起2020年的14年里，生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展將會(huì)使谷類原材料價(jià)格上升3%至6%，油料作物價(jià)格上升5%至18%，但是，消費(fèi)食品價(jià)格不會(huì)有多大變動(dòng)。

2.

LONGYEARBYEN,Norway—Withplantspeciesdisappearingatanalarmingrate,scientistsandgovernmentsarecreatingaglobalnetworkofplantbankstostoreseedsandsprouts,preciousgeneticresourcesthatmaybeneededformantoadapttheworld'sfoodsupplytoclimatechange.

Thisweek,theflagshipofthateffort,theGlobalSeedVaultnearhere,receiveditsfirstseeds,millionsofthem.BoredintothemiddleofafrozenArcticmountaintoppedwithsnow,thevault'sgoalistostoreandprotectsamplesofeverytypeofseedfromeveryseedcollectionintheworld.

AsofThursday,thousandsofneatlystackedandlabeledgrayboxesofseeds—peasfromNigeria,cornfromMexico—resideinthisglazedcavelikestructure,formingasortofbackupharddrive,incasenaturaldisastersorhumanerrorserasetheseedsfromtheoutsideworld.

Descendingalmost500feetunderthepermafrost,theentrancetunneltotheseedvaultisdesignedtowithstandbombblastsandearthquakes.AnautomateddigitalmonitoringsystemcontrolstemperatureandprovidessecurityakintoamissilesiloorFortKnox.Noonepersonhasallthecodesforentrance.

TheGlobalVaultispartofabroaderefforttogatherandsystematizeinformationaboutplantsandtheirgenes,whichclimatechangeexpertssaymayindeedprovemorevaluablethangold.InLeuven,Belgium,scientistsarescouringtheworldforbananasamplesandpreservingtheirshootsinliquidnitrogenbeforetheybecomeextinct.AsimilareffortisunderwayinFranceoncoffeeplants.Anumberofplants,mostfromthetropics,donotproduceseedsthatcanbestored.

Foryears,ahodgepodgenetworkofseedbankshasbeenamassingseedandshootcollectionsinahaphazardmanner.LabsinMexicobankedcornspecies.ThoseinNigeriabankedcassava.Nowthesescattershoteffortsarebeingurgentlyconsolidatedandsystematized,inpartbecauseofbettertechnologytopreserveplantgenesandinpartbecauseoftherisingalarmaboutclimatechangeanditsimpactonworldfoodproduction.

"Westartedthinkingaboutthispost-9/11andontheheelsofHurricaneKatrina,"saidCaryFowler,presidentoftheGlobalCropDiversityTrust,anonprofitgroupthatrunsthevault."Everyonewassaying,whydidn'tanyoneprepareforahurricanebefore?Weknewitwasgoingtohappen.

"Well,wearelosingbiodiversityeveryday—it'sakindofdrip,drip,drip.It'salsoinevitable.Weneedtodosomethingaboutit."

Thisweektheurgencyoftheproblemwasunderscoredaswheatpricesrosetorecordhighsandwheatstoresdroppedtothelowestlevelin35years.Aseriesofdroughtsandnewdiseasescutwheatproductioninmanypartsoftheworld."Theerosionofplants'geneticresourcesisreallygoingfast,"saidDr.RonySwennen,headofthedivisionofcropbiotechnologyattheCatholicUniversityofLeuveninBelgium,whohaspreservedhalfoftheworld's1,200bananatypes."We'reatacriticalmomentandifwedon'tactfast,we'regoingtolosealotofplantsthatwemayneed."

TheUnitedNationsInternationalTreatyonPlantGeneticResources,ratifiedin2004,createdaformalglobalnetworkforbankingandsharingseeds,aswellasforstudyingtheirgenetictraits.Lastyear,itsdatabasereceivedthousandsofnewseeds.

Asystemofplantbankscouldbecrucialinrespondingtoclimatecrisessinceitcouldidentifygeneticmaterialandplantstrainsbetterabletocopewithachangedenvironment.

HereattheGlobalVault,hundredsofgrayboxescontainingseedsfromplacesrangingfromSyriatoMexicoweremovedthisweekintoafreezingvaulttobeplacedinsuspendedanimation.Theyharboravastrangeofqualities,liketheabilitytowithstanddrier,warmerclimate.正確答案：挪威朗伊爾城——植物物種滅絕速度驚人，科學(xué)界和各國(guó)政府現(xiàn)正努力創(chuàng)建一個(gè)全球性的植物銀行系統(tǒng)，以備不時(shí)之需。植物銀行用來(lái)存儲(chǔ)種子和苗芽，為人類保存珍貴的植物基因資源，幫助人類適應(yīng)氣候變化對(duì)糧食生產(chǎn)帶來(lái)的影響。

本周位于朗伊爾城附近的全球種子庫(kù)接收了第一批共計(jì)數(shù)百萬(wàn)粒種子。這座全球最大的種子庫(kù)位于北極附近一座終年冰封、白雪皚皚的大山內(nèi)部。全球種子庫(kù)建立的初衷是要存儲(chǔ)來(lái)自世界各地的各種各類植物種子。

截止到周四，該種子庫(kù)共存儲(chǔ)了數(shù)千箱種子。這些灰色箱子碼放整齊、標(biāo)示清晰，收集了包括尼日利亞豌豆和墨西哥玉米等多種植物的種子樣本。這座酷似山洞的種子庫(kù)內(nèi)層涂釉，起著“備份硬盤”的關(guān)鍵作用：一旦外部世界的種子因?yàn)樘鞛?zāi)人禍滅絕了，存儲(chǔ)在這里的種子就可以派上用場(chǎng)。

該種子庫(kù)的入口隧道位于永凍層下約500英尺，可以抵御爆炸和地震的沖擊。種子庫(kù)內(nèi)有一個(gè)自動(dòng)數(shù)字監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)，可以像導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射井或諾克斯堡黃金地庫(kù)那樣控制庫(kù)內(nèi)溫度，確保安全。同時(shí)，進(jìn)入種子庫(kù)的密碼由數(shù)人共同管理。

全球種子庫(kù)及其他相關(guān)項(xiàng)目旨在收集、整理植物及其基因的相關(guān)信息，氣候變化專家稱，這些植物基因的價(jià)值甚至超過(guò)黃金。為防止香蕉物種滅絕，比利時(shí)魯汶的科學(xué)家們正在全世界收集香蕉樣本，將其種苗保存在液態(tài)氮里。法國(guó)也正在對(duì)咖啡樹基因資源進(jìn)行類似收集、保護(hù)工作。有些植物特別是一些熱帶植物沒(méi)有可以用于儲(chǔ)存的種子。

多年來(lái)，全球種子銀行系統(tǒng)一直進(jìn)行種子及芽苗的收儲(chǔ)工作，但缺乏系統(tǒng)性，如：墨西哥的種子庫(kù)收儲(chǔ)玉米樣本，尼日利亞的種子庫(kù)收儲(chǔ)木薯樣本?，F(xiàn)在正抓緊對(duì)這些種子庫(kù)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性整合，一方面是因?yàn)橹参锘虼鎯?chǔ)技術(shù)提高了，另一方面是因?yàn)槿藗儗?duì)氣候變化及其對(duì)全球糧食生產(chǎn)所帶來(lái)的影響的認(rèn)識(shí)不斷加強(qiáng)。

非營(yíng)利性組織全球農(nóng)作物多樣性信托基金負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)營(yíng)這家全球種子庫(kù)?！霸凇?·11’恐怖襲擊以及卡特里娜颶風(fēng)之后我們就開始考慮如何開展工作了，”該基金主席卡里·福勒說(shuō)，“大家都在說(shuō)，為什么沒(méi)有人為颶風(fēng)災(zāi)害做應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備呢?畢竟我們都知道颶風(fēng)遲早會(huì)發(fā)生?！?/p>

他說(shuō)：“現(xiàn)在每天都有物種在滅絕，在一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)消失，物種滅絕是不可避免的。但我們必須對(duì)此有所作為才行?！?/p>

本周，小麥價(jià)格連創(chuàng)新高，小麥儲(chǔ)量降至35年來(lái)的最低點(diǎn)，凸顯了采取行動(dòng)的緊迫性。許多地區(qū)旱災(zāi)和新病害頻發(fā)，造成小麥減產(chǎn)。比利時(shí)魯汶天主教大學(xué)農(nóng)作物生物技術(shù)系主任羅尼·斯文奈恩對(duì)全球1200個(gè)香蕉品種的收集取樣工作完成了一半。他說(shuō)：“植物基因資源消失的速度確實(shí)很快，我們處在一個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。如果我們不及時(shí)行動(dòng)的話，許多人類未來(lái)可能賴以生存的植物物種將走向滅絕?！?/p>

按照2004年批準(zhǔn)通過(guò)的《聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際植物基因資源條約》而建立的全球種子銀行系統(tǒng)旨在存儲(chǔ)和共享植物種子資源并對(duì)其基因特性進(jìn)行研究。去年，全球種子銀行系統(tǒng)共接收了數(shù)千個(gè)種子樣本。

種子銀行系統(tǒng)可以幫助確定那些環(huán)境適應(yīng)能力較強(qiáng)的基因物質(zhì)和植物品種，這對(duì)人類應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化至關(guān)重要。

本周，數(shù)百箱來(lái)自敘利亞和墨西哥等世界各地的植物種子樣本送達(dá)全球種子庫(kù)進(jìn)行冷凍休眠儲(chǔ)存。這些種子樣本分別具有抗旱、耐熱等各種遺傳特性。

SectionⅡChinese-EnglishTranslation1.

中國(guó)歷來(lái)重視人才工作，并實(shí)施“人才強(qiáng)國(guó)”戰(zhàn)略，大力開發(fā)人力市場(chǎng)資源，為人才發(fā)揮作用創(chuàng)造必要的條件和環(huán)境。中國(guó)目前實(shí)行的是工程技術(shù)人員職稱聘任制度，經(jīng)過(guò)多年的實(shí)踐，中國(guó)已經(jīng)形成了一套比較完整的工程技術(shù)人員制度，并探索實(shí)行工程技術(shù)人員職稱聘任制度。

工程技術(shù)人員職務(wù)聘任制度形成于計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期，隨著社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的建立和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展需要進(jìn)一步完善和改革，人事部、建設(shè)部、教育部、中國(guó)工程院、中國(guó)科協(xié)等部門專門成立了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，組織關(guān)于技術(shù)人才的研究，提出工程技術(shù)人才改革框架，建立以業(yè)績(jī)和能力為導(dǎo)向的、科學(xué)的、人才績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)制度，并積極促進(jìn)工程師國(guó)際互認(rèn)和資格準(zhǔn)入制度。正確答案：HumanresourcedevelopmenthaslongbeenhighontheagendaofChina.TheChinesegovernmenthasputinplacethestrategyofempoweringthecountrywithastrongpooloftalentsinwaysthatenabletalentstobringtheirpotentialintofullplay/bringouttheirbest/reachtheirfullpotential.Yearsofpracticehasshaped/resultedin/culminatedinacomplete/well-developedpersonnelsystemforengineersandtechnicians,whoarenowemployedinlinewithprofessionaltitles.

Asthetitle-orientedemploymentpracticeisaproductofplannedeconomy,ithastoberefinedsothatitcanadapttoanemergingsocialistmarketeconomyandmeettheevolvingneedsofsocio-economicdevelopmentinChina.Tothisend,theMinistryofHumanResourcesandSocialSecurity,theMinistryofHousingandUrban-ruralDevelopment,theChineseAcademyofEngineeringandChinaAssociationforScienceandTechnologyhaveco-founded/jointlyestablishedaleadinggrouptocoordinateresearchontechnicalprofessionals.Thetaskforcehaschartedareformcoursefortheengineeringandtechnicalcommunityanddevelopedamerit-drivenappraisalsystem.Theleadingteamhasalsoworkedhardtofacilitateinternationalmutualrecognitionandqualification-basedaccessforengineers.

2.

中國(guó)人民選擇和平發(fā)展道路，是基于中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化、慘痛的歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)的巨大成就所作出的明智選擇。

中國(guó)是一個(gè)有5000年歷史的文明古國(guó)，有著與外來(lái)文化取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短、兼容并蓄的傳統(tǒng)。我們的祖先歷來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)“以和為貴”。歷史上，中國(guó)在對(duì)外交往中始終強(qiáng)調(diào)親仁善鄰、和而不同。2000年前，中國(guó)與周邊國(guó)家有使節(jié)往來(lái)、商品交易、文化交流，漢朝張騫出使西域開辟了陸上“絲綢之路”。1000年前，中國(guó)對(duì)外交往海陸并重，盛況空前，茶葉、絲綢、瓷器等商品遠(yuǎn)銷亞歐諸多國(guó)家；600多年前，中國(guó)明代航海家鄭和率領(lǐng)艦隊(duì)“七下西洋”，足跡遍及亞非30多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)，帶去的是先進(jìn)的農(nóng)耕和手工藝技術(shù)，還有精美的產(chǎn)品和真誠(chéng)的友誼。這樣的文化傳統(tǒng)決定了今天的中國(guó)必然選擇和平發(fā)展延續(xù)歷史，并融入當(dāng)今世界和平與發(fā)展的潮流。

從19世紀(jì)80年代之后的鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、甲午戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，到庚子之亂乃至20世紀(jì)30年代的日本侵華戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，中國(guó)慘遭東西方列強(qiáng)的屠戮和極其野蠻的經(jīng)濟(jì)掠奪；再加上封建腐敗和連年內(nèi)亂，中國(guó)主權(quán)淪喪、生靈涂炭、國(guó)力衰弱、民不聊生。深重的災(zāi)難、慘痛的事實(shí)使中華民族深知和平之珍貴、發(fā)展之重要。這樣的歷史實(shí)踐形成了中國(guó)人民渴望和平、企求安定的心理，堅(jiān)定了中國(guó)人民走和平發(fā)展道路的信念。

1949年新中國(guó)成立后，我們?cè)诎l(fā)展道路上艱辛探索，既經(jīng)歷過(guò)成功的喜悅，也經(jīng)受過(guò)失敗的挫折。從1978年開始，中國(guó)開啟了新的征程，從計(jì)劃轉(zhuǎn)向市場(chǎng)，從封閉轉(zhuǎn)向開放，從自成一體轉(zhuǎn)向融入經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，走獨(dú)立自主地建設(shè)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的道路，取得了舉世矚目的輝煌成就。實(shí)踐充分證明，堅(jiān)持走和平發(fā)展的道路是正確的，既符合中國(guó)國(guó)情，又順應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流。中國(guó)將沿著這條和平發(fā)展的道路，堅(jiān)定不移地走下去。正確答案：譯文1

ThechoicebytheChinesepeopletofollowapeacefulpathtodevelopmentisawisedecisionbasedonChina'straditionalculture,painfulhistoryandhertremendousachievementsatthecurrentstage.

Chinaisanancientcivilizationboasting5,000years'historywiththetraditionofseekingmutualcomplementarities,accommodationandintegrationwithforeigncultures.Ourancestorshavealwaysunderscoredthe"cherishingofharmony".InChina'shistoryofinteractionswiththeoutsideworld,shehasconsistentlyfocusedonthepracticeofbefriendingherneighborswhilepursuingharmonyoutofarespectfordifferences.Morethan2,000yearsago,Chinahadexchangesofenvoys,tradeincommoditiesandculturalinterchangeswithherneighboringcountries,withthewestwardtripbyenvoyZhangQianofHanDynastycharteringouta"silkroad"intheEuro-Asiacontinent.Morethan1,000yearsago,Chinawascarryingoutexchangeswiththeoutsideworldoverbothlandandsea,achievinganunprecedentedprosperityandsellingsuchcommoditiesastea,silkandporcelaintomanycountriesinAsiaandEurope.600yearsago,VoyagerZhengHeofMingDynastyinChinaledhisfleettotheWestSeasforseventimes,reachingouttomorethan30countriesandregionsacrossAsiaandAfrica.Hebroughtalongwithhimnotonlyadvancedagriculturalandhandicrafttechniques,butalsoexquisiteproductsandsincerefriendship.Suchaculturalheritagehasdecidedthattoday'sChinawillinevitablychoosepeacefuldevelopmenttosustainthecontinuityofhistoryaswellastoalignherselfintothecurrentsofpeaceanddevelopmentintheglobalcontext.

FromtheOpiumWarandtheFirstSino-JapaneseWarafterthe1840s,China'sWaronForeignInvadersin1900totheJapaneseWarofAggressionagainstChinainthe1930s,ChinawassubjecttothebutcheringofthethenstrongpowersintheWestandEastandtheirextremelybarbarianeconomicdepredation.This,coupledwithfeudalcorruptionandyearsofsuccessivecivilstrifeandchaos,ledtothelossofChina'ssovereigntyandthehorrendoussufferingofherpeople,hernationalstrengthfailingandpeoplebarelysurviving.ThegravedisastersandtheharshfactshaveingraineddeeplyintotheChinesenationthevalueofpeaceandtheimportanceofdevelopment.SuchahistoricexperiencehasshapedthepsychologyoftheChinesepeopleinourquestforpeaceandhopeforstability,consolidatingourbeliefinfollowingapathtopeacefuldevelopment.

AfterthefoundingofNewChinain1949,wehavemadearduousexplorationsinthecourseofourdevelopment,goingthroughboththejoysofsuccessandthefrustrationsoffailure.Startingfrom1978,Chinahasembarkedonanewjourneyoftransformingfromaplannedeconomytoamarketeconomy,fromcloistereduptoopeningup,fromexclusiveself-sustainingtointegrationintoglobalization.ByfollowingapathofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsinanindependentandself-reliantmanner,wehavescoredgloriousachievementsthatattractedworldwideattention.Practicehasamplydemonstratedthatitisrighttoadheretoapathofpeacefuldevelopment,asitconformstobothChina'srealityandthetrendofthetimes.Chinawillunswervinglymarchonwardalongsidethispathtopeacefuldevelopment.

譯文2

ThewisechoiceoftheChinesepeopletofollowthepathofpeacefuldevelopmentisbasedonChina'straditionalculture,pasttragediesandmodernaccomplishments.

Asanancientcivilizationwithahistoryofover5millennia,Chinaisculturallyinclusiveasitkeepsdrawingonwhatforeigncultureshavetooffer.Traditionally,Chineseancestorsbelievedin"peaceandharmony";historicallyChinahasbeencommittedtobuildingfriendshipwithitsneighborsandembracingharmonyanddiversityamongnations.Over2000yearsago,Chinaanditsneighboringcountriesstartedtoconductdiplomatic,commodityandculturalexchanges,culminatinginthe"SilkRoad"carvedoutbyZhangQian,awell-knownenvoyoftheHanDynastyduringhisdiplomaticmissionstothethenWesternRegion.Over1000yearsago,China'scommunicationwiththeoutsideworldwasmoredynamicthanbefore,withtea,silkandchinawareswarmingintomanyAsianandEuropeancountriesbybothlandandsea.Over600yearsago,Zhen