新教材適用2025版高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí)第2部分閱讀能力突破篇專題1閱讀理解專題模擬訓(xùn)練推理判斷類

推理推斷類A(2024·河南省新將來聯(lián)盟高考考前模擬)ThehugestructuresofancientRomehavesurvivedforthousandsofyears—atestamenttotheabilitiesandwisdomofRomanengineers,whoperfectedtheuseofconcrete．ButhowdidtheirconstructionmaterialshelpkeepgrandbuildingslikethePantheon(萬神殿)(whichhastheworld'slargestunreinforceddome)andtheColosseum(斗獸場(chǎng))standingformorethan2,000years?Romanconcrete,inmanycases,hasproventobelonger-lastingthanmodernconcrete,whichcanworsenwithindecades．Now,scientistsbehindanewstudysaytheyhaveuncoveredthemysteryingredientthatallowedtheRomanstomaketheirconstructionmaterialsodurableandbuildsplendidstructuresinchallengingplacessuchasdocks,sewersandearthquakezones．Thestudyteam,includingresearchersfromtheUnitedStates,ItalyandSwitzerland,analyzed2,000-year-oldconcretesamplesthatweretakenfromacitywallatthearchaeologicalsiteofPrivernum,incentralItaly,andaresimilarincompositiontootherconcretefoundthroughouttheRomanEmpire．Theyfoundthatwhitechunks(塊)intheconcrete,referredtoaslimeclasts(石灰碎屑),gavetheconcretetheabilitytohealcracksthatformedovertime．Thewhitechunkspreviouslyhadbeenoverlookedasevidenceofcarelessmixingorpoor-qualityrawmaterial．Thenewfindingcouldhelpmakemanufacturingtoday'sconcretemoresustainable,potentiallyshakingupsocietyastheRomansoncedid．“ConcreteallowedtheRomanstohaveanarchitecturalrevolution，”Masicsaid,“Romanswereabletocreateandturnthecitiesintosomethingthatisextraordinaryandbeautifultolivein．Andthatrevolutionbasicallychangedcompletelythewayhumanslive．”1．WhydoestheauthormentionthePantheonandtheColosseum？A．ToexpressrespecttoRomans．B．Tointroducethetopicofthetext．C．ToshowthewisdomofRomanengineers．D．ToprovetheuniquenessofRomanarchitecture．2．WhatmakeRomanarchitecturestandformorethan2,000yearsaccordingtothefinding？A．Complicatedmixingskills．B．Splendidarchitecturalstructures．C．Challenginglocationsofthebuildings．D．WhitechunksinancientRomanconcrete．3．WhatdoesMasicthinkofthenewfinding？A．Important． B．Valueless．C．Unexpected． D．Doubtful．4．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthetext？A．Education． B．Travel．C．Science． D．Lifestyle．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講解并描述了科學(xué)家揭開古羅馬建筑千年不衰的隱私。1．B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“ThehugestructuresofancientRomehavesurvivedforthousandsofyears—atestamenttotheabilitiesandwisdomofRomanengineers,whoperfectedtheuseofconcrete．ButhowdidtheirconstructionmaterialshelpkeepgrandbuildingslikethePantheon(萬神殿)(whichhastheworld'slargestunreinforceddome)andtheColosseum(斗獸場(chǎng))standingformorethan2,000years？(古羅馬的巨大建筑保存了數(shù)千年——這是羅馬工程師的實(shí)力和才智的證明，他們完善了混凝土的運(yùn)用。但是，他們的建筑材料是如何幫助像萬神殿(擁有世界上最大的無加固圓頂)和羅馬斗獸場(chǎng)這樣的雄偉建筑矗立2000多年的呢？)”可知，作者在第一段列舉這兩座建筑物是為了引出本文要探討的話題：為什么古羅馬建筑能千年不衰？故選B。2．D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“Theyfoundthatwhitechunks(塊)intheconcrete,referredtoaslimeclasts(石灰碎屑),gavetheconcretetheabilitytohealcracksthatformedovertime．Thewhitechunkspreviouslyhadbeenoverlookedasevidenceofcarelessmixingorpoor-qualityrawmaterial．(他們發(fā)覺混凝土中的白色塊狀物，被稱為石灰碎屑，使混凝土能夠愈合隨著時(shí)間的推移而形成的裂縫。這些白色的塊狀物質(zhì)之前始終被忽視，被認(rèn)為是混合不當(dāng)或原料質(zhì)量低劣的證據(jù)。)”可知，依據(jù)這項(xiàng)發(fā)覺，古羅馬混凝土中的白色塊狀物使羅馬建筑矗立了2000多年。故選D。3．A推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Thenewfindingcouldhelpmakemanufacturingtoday'sconcretemoresustainable,potentiallyshakingupsociety(這項(xiàng)新發(fā)覺可能有助于使今日的混凝土制造業(yè)更具可持續(xù)性，可能會(huì)變更社會(huì))”可知，Masic認(rèn)為新的發(fā)覺特別重要。故選A。4．C語篇出處題。依據(jù)文章主要內(nèi)容“科學(xué)家揭開古羅馬建筑千年不衰的隱私”以及關(guān)鍵詞“Thestudyteam”和“Thenewfinding”等可以推想出文章出自報(bào)紙的科學(xué)板塊。故選C。B(2024·四川省涼山州高三一模)Wearenaturallydrawntofriendsandcolleagueswithfamiliarvoices,scientistshavefound．Peoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoicetothemselves,theydiscovered．Previousresearchhasfocusedonhowamaleorfemalevoicesounds．Menwithdeepervoicesandwomenwithslightlyhighervoiceswerethoughttosoundmoreattractive．Butthenewstudy,publishedbyalinguistinCanada,suggeststhereisamorecomplexmechanism(機(jī)制)atplay．Dr．MollyBabel,fromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiainCanada,said,“Thevoiceisanamazinglyflexibletoolthatweusetoconstructouridentity．Veryfewthingsinourvoicesarechangeless,sowefeltthatourpreferencehadtobeaboutmorethanaperson'sshapeandsize．”Sherecorded30volunteers'voicesandaskedeachtoratetheothers'attractivenessonascaleofonetonine．EachparticipantwasfromWesternAmerica,withsimilaraccents．Thepeopleweassessedwereallinthesamedialectgroup,buttheyshoweddifferentdegrees．“Weseemtolikepeoplewhosevoicesarelikeourvoices,andwelikepeoplewhofitwithinwhatweknow，”Dr．Babelsaid．Shealsofoundthatbreathyvoicesinwomen—typifiedbythefamousAmericanactressMarilynMonroe—wereseenasmoreattractive．Thebreathytone,causedbyyoungerandthinnervocalcords(聲帶),impliedyouthfulnessandhealth．Acreakyvoice,suggestingapersonhasacoldoristired,wasseenasunattractive．Theparticipantpreferredmenwhospokewithashorteraveragewordlengthanddeepervoices．5．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto．A．comparemalevoiceswithfemalevoicesB．informreadersofthenewfindingsofvoicesC．encouragementousedeepervoicestospeakD．ratepeople'svoicesonascaleofonetonine6．Intermsofvoicepreferences,thenewfindingsstress．A．bodysizeandshapeB．a(chǎn)shorterwordlengthC．thesamesocialgroupsD．thickervocalcords7．Dr．MollyBabelmentionsMarilynMonroeinorderto．A．introduceapopularfilmstarB．explainabreathyvoiceC．questionpreviousresearchD．convincepeopleofhercharm8．Whosevoicemaybeattractiveaccordingtothepassage？A．Ayoungladywiththinvoice．B．Anoldladywiththickvoice．C．Adeep-voicedmanwithadrythroat．D．Alittlemanwithaquietandgentlevoice．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講了科學(xué)探討表明我們會(huì)很自然地被熟識(shí)的嗓音所吸引，人們更傾向于類似的腔調(diào)，而語言學(xué)家也表明其中有更困難的機(jī)制在里面。5．B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“Peoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoicetothemselves,theydiscovered．(他們發(fā)覺，人們更喜愛那些腔調(diào)、語調(diào)和語調(diào)與自己相像的人。)”和第三段“Butthenewstudy,publishedbyalinguistinCanada,suggeststhereisamorecomplexmechanism(機(jī)制)atplay．(但加拿大一位語言學(xué)家發(fā)表的這項(xiàng)新探討表明，其中有一個(gè)更困難的機(jī)制在起作用。)”可知，這篇文章的寫作目的主要是為了讓讀者了解到一項(xiàng)關(guān)于人的嗓音的最新探討發(fā)覺。故選B。6．C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Peoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoicetothemselves,theydiscovered．(他們發(fā)覺，人們更喜愛那些腔調(diào)、語調(diào)和語調(diào)與自己相像的人。)”和第四段“Thepeopleweassessedwereallinthesamedialectgroup,buttheyshoweddifferentdegrees．(我們?cè)u(píng)估的人都處于同一方言群體，但他們表現(xiàn)出不同的程度。)”可知，關(guān)于人們對(duì)嗓音的偏好，新探討強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)運(yùn)用同一種方言的社會(huì)群體進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。故選C。7．B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段“Shealsofoundthatbreathyvoicesinwomen—typifiedbythefamousAmericanactressMarilynMonroe—wereseenasmoreattractive．(她還發(fā)覺女性帶氣音的說話聲，如美國(guó)聞名女演員瑪麗蓮·夢(mèng)露為代表的女性，被認(rèn)為更有吸引力。)”可知，以人們耳熟能詳?shù)拿餍菫槔?，更形象生?dòng)地向讀者說明什么是帶有氣音的說話聲。故選B。8．A推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段“Menwithdeepervoicesandwomenwithslightlyhighervoiceswerethoughttosoundmoreattractive．(人們認(rèn)為聲音低沉的男性和聲音稍高的女性聽起來更有吸引力。)”可知，一位年輕的女士假如嗓音比較尖細(xì)，那人們會(huì)認(rèn)為她的聲音很迷人。故選A。C(2024·湖南省張家界市高三二模)SCHOOLSPONSORSHIPSponsorTeenInk'sfuturemagazinesforanyspecificschoolorregionthatisimportanttoyouandbringyourmessagetoalargeaudienceofstudents,parentsandteachers．Wewillprintyournameonthecoverofeachissueeverymonth．Call(617)964-6800fordetailsandcost．Howschoolsponsorshipworks：·Youselecttheschools—asmanyasyouwant—toreceivefutureTeenInkmagazines．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