糖尿病并發(fā)癥英文

糖尿病并發(fā)癥英文演講人：日期：目錄IntroductiontoDiabetesComplicationsCardiovascularComplicationsNephropathyandKidneyFailureRetinopathyandVisionLossNeuropathyandNerveDamageLowerLimbAmputationsIntroductiontoDiabetesComplications01DefinitionandTypesofDiabetesDiabetesMellitusAchronicconditioncharacterizedbyhighbloodsugarlevelsduetoinsulindeficiencyorresistanceType1DiabetesAnautoimmunediseaseresultintheconstructionofinsulinproducingbetacellsinthepancreasType2DiabetesDevelopwhenthebodybenefitsexisttoinsulinorwhenthepancreasareunabletoproduceenoughinsulinGestationalDiabetesOccursduringpregnancyandcommonlyresolvesafterbirthMicrovascularComplicationsAffectsmallbloodvesselsandcanleadtoretinopathy,neuropathy,andneuropathyInvolvelargerbloodvesselsandcanresultincardiovasculardisease,stroke,andperipheralartdiseaseNervedamagethatcancausepain,numbness,orweaknessintheextremesDiabetesaremorepronetoeffectsduetocompactedimmunesystemandpoorcirculationMacrovascularComplicationsNeuropathyEffectsPrevalenceandImpactofComplicationsManagingdiamondsanditsapplicationscanhelppreventtheirprogressionandreducetheriskofmultipleoutcomesPreventingprogressionManagingapplicationscanimproveaperson'squalityoflifebyreducingpain,discomfort,anddisabilityImprovingQualityofLifePreventingandmanagingapplicationscanhelpreducetheoverallcostofdiabetescarebyavoidingexpensetreatmentsandhospitalizationsReducingHealthcareCostsManagingdiamondsanditsapplicationscanimproveoverallhealthandreducetheriskofdevelopingotherchronicconditionsEnhancingOverallHealthImportanceofManagingComplicationsCardiovascularComplications02AtherosclerosisAconditioninwhichplateaubuildsupinsidethecorearts,admittingthebloodvesselsandreducingbloodflowtotheheartmuscleAnginaPectorisChestpainordiscomfortthatoccurswhentheheartmuscledoesnotreceiveenoughbloodflowtomeetitsdemand,oftenduetorentedcoralartsMyocardalInfectionCommonlyknownasaheartattack,thisoccurrencewhenacoronaryartcomescompletelyblocked,cuttingoffbloodflowtoaportoftheheartmuscleandcausingdamageCoronaryArtDiseaseIschemicStroke01Accidentswhenabloodvesselinthebrainbenefitsblocked,preventingbloodflowandcausingbraincellstodieHmorrhagicStroke02Accidentswhenabloodvesselinthebrainfractures,causingbleedingintothebraintissueanddamagingbraincellsTransientIschemicAttack(TIA)03AtemporaryinterruptionofbloodflowtothebrainthatcausesstrokelikesymptomsbutnopermanentdamageStrokeandCerebrovascularDiseasePeripheralArtDisease(PAD)Aconditioninwhichtheartsarelocatedoutsidetheheart,broughtbroughtdownorblocked,reducingbloodflowtothelimbsandcausingpain,numbness,orweaknessCarotidArtDiseaseNarrowingoftheCarotidarts,whichsuppliesbloodtothebrain,increasingtheriskofstrokeRenalArtDiseaseNarrowingoftheartsthatsupplybloodtothekidneys,whichcanleadtokidneydamageandhighbloodpressurePermanentArtDiseaseLifestyleModificationsQuittingsmoking,maintainingahealthyweight,exercisingregularly,andeatingabalanceddiecanhelpreducetheriskofcardiovascularcomplicationsBloodPressureandCholesterolManagementControllingbloodpressureandcholesterollevelsthroughmedicineandlifestylechangescanhelppreventtheprogressionofcardiovasculardiseaseRegularScreeningandMonitoringRegularcheckupswithahealthcareprovider,includingbloodtestsandimagingstudies,canhelpidentifycardiovascularcomplicationsearlyandallowforprompttreatmentPreventionandManagementStrategiesMedicalManagementTakingsubscribedmedicineasdirectedcanhelpcontrolbloodsugarlevelsandreducetheriskofcardiovascularcomplicationsPreventionandManagementStrategiesNephropathyandKidneyFailure03123Chronicallyelevatedbloodglucoselevelsindiamondscandamagethekidney'sglucose,leadingtophysiologyHighBloodGlucoseLevelsThepresenceofexcessprocessintheurine,ofthefirstsignofdiabeticneuropathyProteinWithoutpropertreatment,diabeticneuropathycanprogresstoendstagerenaldisease(ESRD)ProgressiveKidneyDamageDiabeticNephropathyStagesandProgressionofKidneyDiseaseStage3Simulatekidneydamagewithnotifiabledecadeinkidneyfunction;SymptomsmaybegintoappearStage2Midkidneydamagewithslightlyelevatedmarkersofkidneyfunction;MaystillbeasymmetricalStage1KidneydamagewithnormalKidneyfunction;NosymbolspresentStage4Severekidneydamagewithsignificantlossofkidneyfunction;SymptomsbecomemorepronouncedStage5ESRD,requiringdialysisorkidneytransplantationforsurvivalDialysisAprocessthatfilterswasteandexcessfluidsfromthebloodwhenthekidneysarenolongerabletoperformthisfunctionMedicalManagementTocontrolbloodpressure,reduceproteinuria,andmanageothercomorbiditiesassociatedwithkidneyfailureLifestyleModificationsIncludingdiechanges,exercise,andsmokingprocesstosupportoverallhealthandkidneyfunctionKidneyTransferSurgicalreplacementofadiseasedchildwithahealthychildfromadonorTreatmentOptionsforKidneyFailureTightGlycemicControlMaintainingbloodglucoselevelswithinahealthrangecansignificantlyreducetheriskofdevelopingdiabeticneuropathyRegularKidneyFunctionTestsMonitoringKidneyFunctionThroughRegularTestingCanHelpIdentifyEarlySignsofNephropathyAggressiveManagementofComorbiditiesControllingbloodpressureandcholesterollevelscanhelpslowdowntheprogressionofkidneydiseasePreventionandEarlyInterventionEducationandAwarenessUnderstandingtherisksandsymptomsofdiabeticneuropathycanempowerindividualstoseektimelymedicalattentionandmakelifestylechangestosupportkidneyhealthPreventionandEarlyInterventionRetinopathyandVisionLoss04MicrovasculardamageDiabetescandamagethesmallbloodvesselsintheretina,leadingtoleakybloodvessels,retinalswitching,andtheformationofnew,abnormalbloodvesselsMacularedemaSwellinginthemacula,thecentralpartoftheretinaresponsiblefordetailedvision,cancauseblurredordamagedvisionVisionlossInmultiplecases,diabeticretinopathycanleadtovisionlossorblindnessDiabeticRetinopathyDiabetesmayincreasetheriskofdevelopingacataract,acloudingoftheeye'slensthatcancauseblurredvisionCataractThiscondition,characterizedbyincreasedpressureintheeye,candamagetheopticalnerveandleadtovisionlossDiabetesmayincreasetheriskofglaucomaGlaucomaCataractandGlaucomaVisionLossPreventionandTreatmentDependenceontheseverityofthecondition,treatmentoptionsmayincludelasersurgery,internalinjections,orvitrectomyTreatmentoptionsMaintainingstablebloodsugarlevelscanhelppreventorslowtheprogressionofdiabeticretinopathyControllingbloodsugarlevelsControllingbloodpressureandcholesterollevelscanalsohelpreducetheriskofvisionlossfromdiabetesManagingotherriskfactors010203EarlydetectionRegulareyeexamscanhelpdetectdiabeticretinopathyearly,beforeitcausessignificantvisionlossDilatedeyeexamThistypeofexamallowsthedoctortoseethebackoftheeyeandcheckforsignsofretinopathyScreeningrecommendationsPeoplewithdiamondsshouldhaveadifferentiatedeyeexamatleastonceayear,ormorefrequentlyifrecommendedbytheirhealthcareproviderRegularEyeExamsandScreeningNeuropathyandNerveDamage05PeripheralNeuropathyThemostcommontype,affectingthenervesinthehands,feet,legs,andarmsSymptomsincludenumbness,tingling,andpainProximalNeuropathyAlsoknownasdiabeticamylopathy,thistypeaffectsthenervesinthethighs,hips,buttons,andlegsIt'softenoccurringononesideofthebodyFocalNeuropathyEffectsspecificnerves,commonlyinthehead,torso,orlegsSymptomsdependontheaffectednerveandcanincludepain,weakness,andparallelismAutonomousNeuropathyEffectsoftheautonomousnervoussystem,whichcontrolsvolatilebodyfunctionssuchasheartrate,bloodpressure,anddigestionTypesofDiabeticNeuropathySymptomsVarydependingonthetypeofneurologicalbutmayincludenumbness,tingling,pain,muscleweakness,anddigestiveissuesDiagnosisPhysiciansdiagnosediabeticneuropathythroughacombinationofphysicalexams,medicalhistory,anddiagnostictestssuchasnerveconductionstudiesandelectronicsSymptomsandDiagnosisBloodSugarControlThemostimportantaspectofmanagingdiabeticneuropathyismaintaininghealthbloodsugarlevelsthroughdie,exercise,andmedicinePainManagementMedicationssuchasantibiotics,antibiotics,andopioidsmaybesubscribedtohelpmanageneurologicalpainPhysicalTherapyCanhelpimprovemusclestrength,balance,andcoordination,aswellasreducepainanddiscomfortAlternativetherapiesAcquisiti