跨文化思辨閱讀教程（生活篇）課件 Unit 5 Philosophy

UnitUnit5

Philosophy/2024/05/22/socrates-confucius-similar-philosophies-different-worlds/WhatisPhilosophy?Latin“philosophia”:“l(fā)oveofwisdom”MetaphysicalorDown-to-earth?TaskstoCoverReadingforUNDERSTANDING1understand

whatthetextssayReadingforANALYZING2analyzehowthetextsjustifytheirideasReadingforEVALUATING3evaluatewhatthetextsclaimReadingforCREATING4createbeyondwhatthetextsstateWhattextAisabout.understandinganalyzingevaluatingcreatingAbouttheAuthorKarynL.Lai(賴蘊(yùn)慧)SchoolofHumanitiesandLanguages,UniversityofNewSouthWalesAnIntroductiontoChinesePhilosophyLearningfromChinesePhilosophy:EthicsofInterdependentandContextualizedSelf.QuestionsforGlobalReading1.WhatreformdidConfuciusproposeintimeofconfusion?2.WhatisthemainfeatureofRu-isteducation?3.BasedontheAnalects,whatkindofpersonisConfucius?4.WhydoesConfuciussaythetruepersonistheonewhocoversfortheother?5.Accordingtotheauthor,howtoreadtheAnalects?6.Whatdoes“ren”mean?WhattextAisabout.understandinganalyzingevaluatingcreatingI.(para.1)TheauthorgivesabriefintroductiontoConfucius,includinghisbasicdoctrine.II.(para2-para.6)TheauthorprovidesthereaderwithsomebasicinformationaboutthetheAnalects,basedonwhichsheillustratesherownmethodologyofreadingtheAnalectsbyinterpreting“Ren”.WhattextBisabout.understandinganalyzingevaluatingcreatingAbouttheAuthorPlato（c.428-347B.C.）AnancientGreekphilosopherOneofSocrates’studentsAristotle’steacherThefounderoftheAcademyDialogues“TheApologyofSocrates”“IMuch

prefertodiehavingmademydefensespeechinthiswaythantoliveinthatway”.RepublicQuestionsforGlobalReadingDoyouthinkSocrateswasmakinganapology?WhydidSocratesmakethespeech?HowdidSocratesviewdeath?WhydidSocratessaydeathisagoodthing?WhatisthetruththatSocratesbelievesin?WhatkindofmanisSocratesbasedontheexcerpt?WhattextBisabout.understandinganalyzingevaluatingcreatingI.(para.1-2)Insteadofmakinganapology,hewasdefendingforhisrighteousconductandthepursuitofthetruth.II.(para3)Byenumeratingthenumerouslegendaryheroesandsemi-godsinGreekmythology,Socratesstronglyconvincesthereaderthatdeathwasagoodthingforitcouldmakeonehappierandbecomeimmortal.III.(para4)Herestateslifeismeaninglesswithoutthepursuitofthetruth.

ThedeathwasadreamlesssleepThesoulmigratedtoanotherworldGistHowtextAillustratesConfucius.understandinganalyzingevaluatingcreatingTheAnalectsWhatisTrueperson?TheGovernorofSheinconversationwithConfuciussaid,“Inourvillagethereissomeonecalled‘TruePerson.’Whenhisfathertookasheeponthesly,hereportedhimtotheauthorities.”Confuciusreplied,“Thosewhoaretrueinmyvillageconductthemselvesdifferently.Afathercoversforhisson,andasoncoversforhisfather.Andbeingtrueliesinthis.”(trans.AmesandRosemontJr1998a:166–7)葉公語孔子曰：“吾黨有直躬者，其父攘羊，而子證之?！笨鬃釉唬骸拔狳h之直者異于是。父為子隱，子為父隱，直在其中矣。Evidence(13:18)GistHowtextBillustratesSocrates.understandinganalyzingevaluatingcreatingSocrates’Apology“Theunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving.”EvidenceWhatistruth?

Socratesmeanstodefendjusticeatthecostofhislife.“Theunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving.”Hiswillingnesstocalleverythingintoquestion.Hisdeterminationtoacceptanadequateaccountofthenatureofthings.Socrateswascondemnedtodeathfor“notworshippingthegods”and“corruptingtheyoung”.Evaluatewhatthetextsclaim.Confucius:acommitted,conscientiousandskillfulthinkerandreformerSocrates:sureofhimself,notafraidofdeath,high-minded,indifferenttoworldlysuccessandpossessionsComparisonsWhatarethesimilarities?Whatarethedifferences?understandinganalyzingevaluatingcreatingCommonpoints?WhatarethecommonpointsBothareconsideredassagesandgreatphilosophers.Bothwereborninmiddleclassfamily,whichmadethemreceiveeducation.Bothmenlivedintimesofpoliticalandsocialunrestduringwhichtraditionalvaluesandpracticeswerebeingchallenged.Bothstressedontheimportanceofeducation,themainpurposeofwhichshouldbevirtueandself-improvement.

understandinganalyzingevaluatingcreatingDifferences?Whatarethedifferences?Theyhavedifferentunderstandingoftheknowledge.Confuciusholdsknowledgeisacquiredbylearning,andhepresentedhimselfas“atransmitter,notacreator”whileSocratescontendstheknowledgemeansthepursuitofthetruth.Confuciusfocusesonhierarchicalorderindifferentgroups,whileSocratescontendsjustice,lawandrighteousnessarethewaytomaintaintheorderofthesociety.understandinganalyzingevaluatingcreatingRespectdifferences

&seekcommonground.Question:CouldthebarriersbetweentheEastandtheWestbecrossed?understandinganalyzingevaluatingcreatingWhenSocratesmeetsConfucius.WritingSupposeintheHades,SocratesmetConfucius.Theyhadadiscussiononwisdom,knowledge,virtue,educationandetc.Developyourimagination,designasettingandaplotforthisunexpectedencounteronyourown.understandinganalyz