水質(zhì)監(jiān)控技術(shù) Water quality monitori

水質(zhì)監(jiān)控技術(shù)Waterqualitymonitoringtechnology--水質(zhì)監(jiān)控技術(shù)課程組WaterqualitymonitoringTechnologyCoursegroup養(yǎng)殖水質(zhì)溫度的檢測(cè)與調(diào)控Detectionandcontrolofaquaculturewatertemperature《水質(zhì)監(jiān)控技術(shù)》課程WaterQualityMonitoringTechnologycourse水體溫度的分布特點(diǎn)Distributioncharacteristicsofwatertemperature學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)Learningobjective掌握水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖水體水質(zhì)的影響；Grasptheinfluenceofwatertemperatureonthewaterqualityofaquaculturewater;掌握水溫對(duì)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖動(dòng)物的影響。Tounderstandtheinfluenceofwatertemperatureonaquacultureanimals.學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.Learningobjective1學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)2.Learningobjective2目錄content01水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖生物的間接影響Indirecteffectsofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms02水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖生物的直接影響Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms1水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖生物的間接影響Indirecteffectsofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖水體溶解氧的影響Effectofwatertemperatureondissolvedoxygeninaquaculturewater水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖水體PH及氨氮的影響EffectofwatertemperatureonPHandammonianitrogenofaquaculturewater水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖生物的間接影響Indirecteffectsofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms1101對(duì)溶解氧的影響

水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖水體溶解氧的影響Effectofwatertemperatureondissolvedoxygeninaquaculturewater水溫是影響?zhàn)B殖水體溶解氧高低的關(guān)鍵因子,當(dāng)水溫上升,水生生物的新陳代謝增強(qiáng),呼吸加快,有機(jī)物的耗氧率明顯增高,池塘等小水體就容易產(chǎn)生缺氧現(xiàn)象,尤其是夏秋季節(jié)。Watertemperatureisthekeyfactoraffectingthelevelofdissolvedoxygeninaquaculturewater.Whenthewatertemperaturerises,themetabolismofaquaticorganismsisenhanced,respirationisaccelerated,andtheoxygenconsumptionrateoforganicmatterissignificantlyincreased.Smallwaterbodiessuchaspondsarepronetohypoxia,especiallyinsummerandautumn.表1自然池塘中水溫與溶解氧Table1.Watertemperatureanddissolvedoxygeninnaturalponds02對(duì)pH及氨氮的影響02EffectonpHandammonianitrogen水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖水體PH及氨氮的影響EffectofwatertemperatureonPHandammonianitrogenofaquaculturewater在池水pH值小于7時(shí),水體氨氮以NH4

+

為主;WhenthepHvalueofpoolwaterislessthan7,NH4

+

isthemainammonianitrogeninthewater;--對(duì)魚(yú)蝦無(wú)毒Non-toxictofishandshrimppH值大于11時(shí),主要以NH3形式存在。WhenthepHvalueisgreaterthan11,itmainlyexistsintheformofNH3.

--對(duì)魚(yú)蝦有毒Toxictofishandshrimp隨著水溫升高，pH值呈堿性且變化無(wú)序；但氨氮總量明顯升高，且水溫越高，變化越顯著。Withtheincreaseofwatertemperature,pHvalueisalkalineanddisordered.However,thetotalamountofammonianitrogenincreasedsignificantly,andthehigherthewatertemperature,themoresignificantthechange.表2不同水溫條件下養(yǎng)殖水體pH值和氨氮量Table2pHvalueandammonianitrogencontentofaquaculturewaterunderdifferentwatertemperatureconditions溫度temperaturePH值PHvalue氨氮量Ammonianitrogencontent水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖生物的間接影響Indirecteffectsofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms112水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖生物的直接影響Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms對(duì)養(yǎng)殖對(duì)象攝食的影響Effectsonfeedingofculturedobjects對(duì)養(yǎng)殖對(duì)象生長(zhǎng)的影響Effectsonthegrowthofculturedobjects對(duì)養(yǎng)殖對(duì)象繁殖的影響Theeffectonbreedingobjects水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖生物的直接影響Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms12

水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖對(duì)象攝食的影響Effectofwatertemperatureonfeedingofculturedobjects

魚(yú)類等養(yǎng)殖生物是變溫動(dòng)物,水溫只有達(dá)到其生物學(xué)上限溫度才開(kāi)始攝食,且在適溫范圍,水溫與攝食量呈正比。Fishandotheraquacultureorganismsarepoikilotherms,andthewatertemperaturebeginstoeatonlywhenitreachesitsbiologicalupperlimittemperature,andintheappropriatetemperaturerange,thewatertemperatureisproportionaltothefoodintake.溫度對(duì)草魚(yú)攝食的影響Effectoftemperatureonfeedingofgrasscarp攝食飽食率(%)Rateofsatiety溫度（oC）temperature表3尼羅羅非魚(yú)在各種溫度條件下的攝食量Table3FoodintakeofNiletilapiaatvarioustemperatureconditions水溫Watertemperature占體重比例Proportiontobodyweight水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖對(duì)象生長(zhǎng)的影響Effectofwatertemperatureonthegrowthofculturedobjects一般在適溫范圍內(nèi)，隨溫度升高，魚(yú)類代謝加強(qiáng)，攝食增加，飼料利用率高，生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育加快。Generallyinthetemperaturerange,withtheincreaseoftemperature,fishmetabolismisstrengthened,feedingisincreased,feedutilizationishigh,andgrowthanddevelopmentareaccelerated.溫度對(duì)草魚(yú)攝食的影響Effectoftemperatureonfeedingofgrasscarp平均體增重(克/天)Averagebodyweightgain(g/day)溫度(oC)temperature水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖生物的直接影響Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms12生存耐受溫度范圍Survivaltolerancetemperaturerange最適生長(zhǎng)溫度Optimumgrowthtemperature生長(zhǎng)grow低端致死溫度Lowlethaltemperature高端致死溫度Highlethaltemperature水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖對(duì)象生長(zhǎng)的影響Effectofwatertemperatureonthegrowthofculturedobjects種類species適宜溫度(oC)Optimumtemperature低端致死溫度(oC)Lowlethaltemperature高端致死溫度(oC)Highlethaltemperature三文魚(yú)Salmon12-166-723-26虹鱒Rainbowtrout10-160-422-26鯉魚(yú)carp23-270-1031-36溝鯰Groovescatfish26-300-1035-40羅非魚(yú)tilapia28-327-1236-42海鱸Seabass22-27232美國(guó)紅魚(yú)Redfish22-252-935斑節(jié)蝦Bandedshrimp28-331335水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖生物的直接影響Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms12水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖對(duì)象生長(zhǎng)的影響Effectofwatertemperatureonthegrowthofculturedobjects冷水性生物：適溫<15℃，鮭、虹鱒等冷水性魚(yú)類。Coldwaterorganisms:temperature<15℃,salmon,rainbowtroutandothercoldwaterfish.溫水性生物：適溫15～25℃。Warmwaterorganism:suitabletemperature15~25℃.暖水性生物：適溫25～35℃。如熱帶魚(yú)。Warmwaterorganisms:temperature25~35℃.Liketropicalfish.種類species適宜溫度(oC)Optimumtemperature低端致死溫度(oC)Lowlethaltemperature高端致死溫度(oC)Highlethaltemperature三文魚(yú)Salmon12-166-723-26虹鱒Rainbowtrout10-160-422-26鯉魚(yú)carp23-270-1031-36溝鯰Groovescatfish26-300-1035-40羅非魚(yú)tilapia28-327-1236-42海鱸Seabass22-27232美國(guó)紅魚(yú)Redfish22-252-935斑節(jié)蝦Bandedshrimp28-331335水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖生物的直接影響Directeffectofwatertemperatureonfarmedorganisms12

水溫對(duì)養(yǎng)殖對(duì)象繁殖的影響Effectofwatertemperatureonreproductionofculturedobjects水溫的高低直接決定著受精卵的孵化時(shí)間,在適溫范圍內(nèi),水溫越高孵化時(shí)間越短。

Thetemperatureofthewaterdirectlydeterminestheincubationtimeofthefertilizedeggs.Intherangeofsuitabletemperature,thehigherthewatertemperature,theshortertheincubationtime.水溫對(duì)水產(chǎn)生物性腺的發(fā)育、成熟具有顯著影響。Watertemperaturehassignificantinfluenceonthedevelopmentandmaturationofaquaticgonads.溫度對(duì)魚(yú)類繁殖的重要性還在于它是魚(yú)類產(chǎn)卵的溫度閾值,每種魚(yú)在某一地區(qū)開(kāi)始產(chǎn)卵的溫度是一定的,一般低于該溫度就不能產(chǎn)卵。Theimportanceoftemperatureforfishreproductionisalsothatitisthetemperaturethresholdforfishspawning,andthetemperatureatwhicheachfishbeginsspawninginacertainareaisacertaintemperature,generallybelowwhichitcannotspawn.由于同種魚(yú)達(dá)到性腺成熟期的積溫基本一致,因此在我國(guó)南方或溫?zé)崴嘤挠H魚(yú),持續(xù)水溫高,性腺發(fā)育成熟早,就可提前產(chǎn)卵。Becausethesamekindoffishreachgonadalmaturitytemperatureisbasicallythesame,sotheparentfishcultivatedinthesouthofChinaorwarmwater,continuoushig