新高考適用2025版高考英語二輪總復習第1部分閱讀能力突破篇專題1閱讀理解第2講推理判斷題

第一部分專題一第2講A(2024·廣東省廣州市高三一模)Sometimesabookcomesalongthatisn?tjust“interesting”or“welldone”—it?sabookwhereitseemsliketheauthorlookedintoyourbrainandwroteabookspecificallyforyou.Abooklikethatformewasreleasedthisweek.It?scalled100ThingsWe?veLosttotheInternet,writtenbyeditorPamelaPaul.Paullists100thingsweusedtodoandthattheInternethaseitherchangedortakenovercompletely:writingletters,printnewspapers,thejoysofbeingbored,andnothavingalltheknowledgeintheworldinyourpocket.AsI?malongtimeaccumulatorofrandomknowledge,certainentriesonthelist—BeingtheOnlyOne,FiguringOutWhoThatActoris—hitmewhereIlive;rememberingdetailedfactsisnolongernearlyasimpressivewheneveryonehasthecapabilitytofindtheanswerinseconds.Onandonthelistgoes,witheveryminorshiftaddingtothepile.Whatthisbookdoessowellisillustratethegrowthofthatpile;whileanyindividualitemmightbenobigdeal,thecollectedsetissignificant.It?salistofwaysinwhichtheworldnowisdifferentfromtheworldthen.Obviously,Paulisn?tsayingthateverythingbackthenwasbetter.Timemarcheson,afterall.Andit?stoughtoargueagainstthemanybenefitsthattheInternethasbroughtintoourlives.Butthatisn?treallythepoint.It?snotaboutwhetheritusedtobebetter.It?sthatitusedtobedifferent.100ThingsWe?veLosttotheInternetisafunreadforthoseofuswhosharesomeofPaul?smemoriesandexperiences.Werememberwhatitwaslikeandweliketoremember.Thelandscapehasshifted,andnodoubtitwillshiftagainastechnology?sadvancementcontinuesapace.Thisbookservesasareminderofthesimpletruththatwhengainsaremade,sometimessomethingislost.1．Whatisthepurposeofthetext？________A．Toreviewandrecommendagoodread.B．TocommentontheeffectoftheInternet.C．Toarguefortheviewpointofanewbook.D．Tourgethereaderstovaluewhattheyhave.2．WhichmightbeentriesonPaul?slist？________A．MapsandEyeContact.B．E-payandCompactDisks.C．PostcardsandHomeschoolingD．BadPhotosandWashingMachines.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hitmewhereIlive”inParagraph3mean？________A．ProvewhatI?mgoodat.B．IntroducehowIgrewup.C．DescribetheplaceIlivein.D．Speakoutwhatisonmymind.4．WhatconclusionhastheauthordrawnafterreadingPaul?sbook？________A．Thingsinthepastarebetter.B．There?renogainswithoutpains.C．TheInternetisadouble-edgedsword.D．Technologyisconstantlychangingtheworld.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹一本名叫《100ThingsWe?veLosttotheInternet》的書。1．A推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“Abooklikethatformewasreleasedthisweek.It?scalled100ThingsWe?veLosttotheInternet,writtenbyeditorPamelaPaul.(這周出版了一本類似的書。這是編輯帕梅拉·保羅所著的《我們被網絡遺忘的100件事》。)”可知本書由PamelaPaul所寫，名叫100ThingsWe?veLosttotheInternet，文章的寫作意圖是回顧并舉薦一本好書。故選A。2．A細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“Paullists100thingsweusedtodoandthattheInternethaseitherchangedortakenovercompletely:writingletters,printnewspapers,thejoysofbeingbored,andnothavingalltheknowledgeintheworldinyourpocket.(保排列出了100件我們曾經做過的事情，這些事情不是被互聯(lián)網變更了就是被互聯(lián)網完全接管了：寫信、印刷報紙、享受無聊的樂趣，以及并非把世界上全部的學問都裝進你的口袋。)”可知，地圖和眼神溝通被互聯(lián)網變更了，會出現(xiàn)在他的清單上。故選A。3．D詞句揣測題。依據(jù)第三段“rememberingdetailedfactsisnolongernearlyasimpressivewheneveryonehasthecapabilitytofindtheanswerinseconds(當每個人都能在幾秒鐘內找到答案時，記住具體的事實就不再那么令人印象深刻了)”可知作為一個長時間收集各種隨機學問的人，清單上的一些內容打動了我，說出了我心中所想。故選D。4．D推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“Timemarcheson,afterall.Andit?stoughtoargueagainstthemanybenefitsthattheInternethasbroughtintoourlives.Butthatisn?treallythepoint.It?snotaboutwhetheritusedtobebetter.It?sthatitusedtobedifferent.(終歸，時間在前進。很難反對互聯(lián)網給我們生活帶來的諸多好處。但這不是重點。這與過去是否更好無關。就是與以前不一樣。)”可知，這本書在強調技術帶來的變更。故選D。B(2024·河北省唐山市高考二模)Humanbrainsaresocialorgans—they?reneurobiologically(神經生物)wiredforconnection.Butjustasourstudents?brainscanbeunfavorablyaffectedbynegativementalityandmisfortunes,socantheirparents?brains,affectingrelationshipswithteachers.Whatfeelshurtfulfromaparentcouldbeaworn-outbrain,onethatistryingtosurviveandsoisdefendingitselfandpayingcloseattentiontoexperiencesorrelationshipsthatmayfeelterrifyingorunsafe.Therearetimeswhenwemayfeelharmedbyaparent,andwetoocanfireoffsharpwordsifwe?refeelingmisunderstoodandangry.Wemayalsounintentionallyincreaseaconflictwhilemovingfartherawayfromcooperationandsolutions.Apoorlyregulatededucatorcannothelpapoorlyregulatedparent.Imyselfhavebeenblamedformyson?supsettingbehaviorswhenhewasstrugglingemotionally.Elevenyearsago,whenAndrewbecameanewcomerinhighschool,theanxietyandangermaskingthefearhefeltalmostdestroyedourfamily.Wefelthelplessandoftenhopeless.Inthemiddleofthisscarytime,IreceivedanemailfromAndrew?sSpanishteacher.DearDr.Desautels，IwantedyoutoknowthatAndrewfinishedhisprojecttodayandhadasmileonhisface.Ijustwantedtosharethatwithyou.PleaseletmeknowhowImayserveyouinthedaystocome.Mr.PickettThisemailchangedeverythingformeasamomandasaneducator.Ithelpedourfamilyexperienceabitofhopeandinspiration.AndrewworkedhardforMr.PickettthattermandendedwithanA．Hefailedmostofhisotherclasses,butbecauseoftheconnectionthisteachercreatedwithAndrew,hefeltheard,seen,andappreciated.OnethingI?velearnedisthatImustregulatemyownbrainstatebeforeIinteractwithparents.Mr.Pickett?sefforttofosterapositiverelationshipwithmyfamilyandmysonhasshownmeawaytosupportbothstudentsandtheirparents.5．Whydoesaparentsayhurtfulthings？________A．Theydisliketeachers.B．Theyareeasilyupset.C．Theyaremuchtoostressed.D．Theyarewillingtolettheirangerout.6．WhathappenedtoAndrewasanewcomerinhighschool？________A．Hewasphysicallyill.B．Hehademotionalsuffering.C．Hetriedtoescapehisfamily.D．Hequarreledwithhisteacher.7．WhydidAndrewbegintostudySpanishhard？________A.Hewantedtochangeeverything.B．Hewaspersuadedbyhisparents.C．Herealizedtheimportanceofthesubject.D．Hegotcareandappreciationfromtheteacher.8．Whoistheintendedreader？________A．Students. B．Teachers.C．Parents. D．Doctors.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章說明父母和孩子一樣都會受到消極心態(tài)和不幸的影響，從而影響與老師的關系。作者在文章中通過講解并描述自己與兒子成長過程中的教化問題，獲得了一位西班牙語老師的幫助，讓她明白了如何更高效地與孩子和其他學生及他們的父母之間的相處和溝通，建立良好的關系。5．C推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段“Whatfeelshurtfulfromaparentcouldbeaworn-outbrain,onethatistryingtosurviveandsoisdefendingitselfandpayingcloseattentiontoexperiencesorrelationshipsthatmayfeelterrifyingorunsafe.(來自父母的損害可能是一個乏累的大腦，一個試圖生存，因此愛護自己，親密關注可能感到可怕或擔憂全的經驗或關系的大腦。)”可知，乏累的大腦試圖生存和愛護自己，親密關注擔憂全的經驗或關系使得父母給孩子帶來傷人的話語，由此可見他們的壓力過大，故選C。6．B細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“Imyselfhavebeenblamedformyson?supsettingbehaviorswhenhewasstrugglingemotionally.Elevenyearsago,whenAndrewbecameanewcomerinhighschool,theanxietyandangermaskingthefearhefeltalmostdestroyedourfamily.(我兒子在心情上掙扎時的擔憂行為都怪我自己。11年前，當安德魯成為一名中學新生時，焦慮和生氣掩蓋了他幾乎摧毀我們家庭的恐驚。)”可知，安德魯在成為一名中學生時，遭遇情感上的苦痛，故選B。7．D細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“Hefailedmostofhisotherclasses,butbecauseoftheconnectionthisteachercreatedwithAndrew,hefeltheard,seen,andappreciated.(他其他大部分課程都不及格，但由于這位老師與安德魯建立了聯(lián)系，他感到自己被聽到、看到和觀賞。)”可知，安德魯努力學習西班牙語，是因為他得到了老師的關切和贊許，故選D。8．C推理推斷題。通讀全文可知，父母和孩子一樣都會受到消極心態(tài)和不幸的影響，從而影響與老師的關系。作者在文章中通過講解并描述自己與兒子成長過程中的教化問題來說明父母與孩子如何建立主動的關系，結合最終一段“OnethingI?velearnedisthatImustregulatemyownbrainstatebeforeIinteractwithparents.Mr.Pickett?sefforttofosterapositiverelationshipwithmyfamilyandmysonhasshownmeawaytosupportbothstudentsandtheirparents.(我學到的一件事是，在與父母互動之前，我必需調整自己的大腦狀態(tài)。皮克特先生努力與我的家人和兒子建立主動的關系，這向我展示了一種支持學生和他們父母的方式。)”可知，作者得到了這位西班牙語老師的幫助，從這件事作者學會了更高效地與孩子和其他學生及他們的父母之間的相處和溝通，建立良好的關系，由此可知，本文主要是想表述家長如何與孩子和老師建立良好的相處關系，所以本文的主要讀者對象應是父母，故選C。C(2024·江蘇省南通如皋市高三一模)Therearelotsofnicestoriesabouttheprotectionofnatureashumanssuspendtheiractivity;however,thisslowdownisnotallgoodnews.NewYorkCity,forexample,hassuspendeditsorganicrecyclingprogram.Thatmeansthousandsoftonsofrubbishthatwouldhavebeenrecycledlastyearwillfindtheirwaytolandfills(垃圾填埋地)insteadthisyear.LikeotherNewYorkers,Irecycledmykitchenwasteandotherorganicmaterials.Whentheyarebrokendown,theyproducemethane(agaswithoutcolororsmell),whichifletloosecanbeharmfultotheatmosphere.Butwhencontrolledinaway,themethanecanbeputtouseasalternativeenergy.Plus,thereisaby-productfertilizer(肥料),whichcanbesoldonthemarket.NowthosethousandsoftonsofrubbishwillbetruckedawaytolandfillsinOhioandotherremoteplaces.It?sdefinitelyabackwardstepinourfightagainstclimatechange.GovernmentleadersmaygetsomeinspirationfromNewYorkCity?sFreshkillsPark.Theparkisabest-casescenario(設想)forwhatcanhappentomountainsofrubbish.ItwasoriginallytheFreshkillsLandfillwhichreceivedrubbishformorethanhalfacentury.In2001,thelandfillwasclosed.TheFreshkillsPark,aroundthreetimesthesizeofCentralPark,willbeopenedin2035.Whatisundertheparkisprettycomplex,evenifitjustlookslikeagrassyhill.Thereareafewlayers,eachfordifferentpurposes.Asforthemethane,theparkhashundredsofwellstocapturethegas,whichisenoughtopower20,000homes.Treesaretrickyattheparkbecausetheirrootscan?tgothatfardown.Aswell,mostgrasslandsonlyhaveshallow-rootedgrassessothatthestaffcaneasilygetaccesstothewellheads.Theprojectbringsgoodnewstothegrasshoppersparrows.ThesebirdsareofconservationconcerninNewYorkState.Today,thegrasshoppersparrowsinNewYorkStatecallthisformerlandfilltheirhome.Sodofoxes,deerandotheranimals.Althoughitwilltakeoveradecadebeforetheparkfullyopens,ithasworkedwellsofar.Besidesthisproject,it?sexpectedthatsimilarlybrilliantplansforthenewrubbishwillcomeoutsoon.Ideally,theorganicrecyclingprogramgetsreenacted(重新制定)inNewYorkCitybeforetoolong.Otherwise,therearesomeothersimilarlybrilliantplansforallthenewrubbishthatwillbecomingsoon.9．Whatcanweknowaboutorganicmaterials？________A．Theywillbereplacedbyotherenergy.B．Theyarebeneficialtotheenvironment.C．Theyhavegreatvalueifhandledproperly.D．Theycanbehardlycontrolledorrecycled.10．Whatistheauthor?sattitudetowardstruckingNewYorkCity?srubbishaway？________A．Indifferent. B．Doubtful.C．Optimistic. D．Negative.11．WhatcanweinferabouttheFreshkillsPark？________A．Ithaslimitedwaterresources.B．Itgivesthelandfillanewlook.C．ItisverysimilartoCentralPark.D．Itturnsfarmlandsintograsslands.12．Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttoexpressinthelastbutoneparagraph？________A．Parksareanidealplaceformanyanimals.B．Theprojectaimstorestoreanimalhabitats.C．NewYorkhasalargespeciesofwildanimals.D．Theprojectcontributestowildlifeprotection.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們將紐約市的Freshkills垃圾填埋場改造成公園所帶來的諸多好處。9．C推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段“Butwhencontrolledinaway,themethanecanbeputtouseasalternativeenergy.Plus,thereisaby-productfertilizer(肥料),whichcanbesoldonthemarket.(但假如以某種方式加以限制，甲烷可以被用作替代能源。此外，還有一種副產品肥料，可以在市場上出售。)”可知，有機材料假如處理得當，它們有很大的價值。故選C。10．D推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“NowthosethousandsoftonsofrubbishwillbetruckedawaytolandfillsinOhioandotherremoteplaces.It?sdefinitelyabackwardstepinourfightagainstclimatechange.(現(xiàn)在，這數(shù)千噸垃圾將被卡車運往俄亥俄州和其他偏遠地區(qū)的垃圾填埋場。這無疑是我們對抗氣候變更的一個倒退。)”可知，作者對用卡車運走紐約市的垃圾持否定看法。故選D。11．B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段“Theparkisabest-casescenario(設想)forwhatcanhappentomountainsofrubbish.ItwasoriginallytheFreshkillsLandfillwhichreceivedrubbishformorethanhalfacentury.In2001,thelandfillwasclosed.TheFreshkillsPark,aroundthreetimesthesizeofCentralPark(對于積累如山的垃圾來說，建立這個公園是最好的設想。最初的Freshkills垃圾填埋場接收垃圾長達半個多世紀之久。2001年，該垃圾填埋場被關閉。Freshkills公園的面積大約是中心公園的三倍。)”可知，垃圾填埋場被關閉，取而代之的是Freshkills公園，從而推知，F(xiàn)reshkills公園會讓接收垃圾長達半個多世紀之久的垃圾填埋場面貌一新。故選B。12．D推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“Today,thegrasshoppersparrowsinNewYorkStatecallthisformerlandfilltheirhome.Sodofoxes,deerandotheranimals.(現(xiàn)在，紐約州的蚱蜢麻雀把這片曾經的垃圾填埋場作為自己的家。狐貍、鹿和其他動物也是如此。)”可知，作者在本段中主要想表達的觀點是將垃圾填埋場改造成公園的項目有助于愛護野生動物。故選D。D(2024·山東省臨沂市高三一模)Astudyofteenagegirls?selfie-taking(自拍)behaviorsfoundthattakingandsharingselfiesonsocialmediaisnotlinkedtopoorbodyimageorappearanceconcerns.However,whenadolescentgirlsspendtoomuchtimestrugglingoverwhichphotoofthemselvestopost,orrelyheavilyoneditingappstoaltertheirimages,theremaybecauseforconcern.Thestudy,byresearchersattheUniversityofArizona,foundthatselfieeditingandtimeinvestedincreatingandselectingtheperfectselfiewerebothrelatedtoself-objectification,whichledtobodyshame,appearanceanxietyandmorenegativeappearanceevaluationsinteengirls.“Self-objectificationistheideathatyoucometothinkofyourselfasanexternalobjecttobeviewedbyotherpeople，”saidseniorstudyauthorJenniferAubrey,anassociateprofessorattheUA.Basedonastudyof278teenagegirls,“Ourmainfindingwasthatwereallyshouldn?tbetooworriedaboutkidswhotakeselfiesandsharethem;that?snotwherethenegativeeffectscomefrom.It?stheinvestmentandtheeditingthatyieldednegativeeffects，”Aubreysaid.“Selfieeditingandselfieinvestmentpredictedself-objectification,andgirlswhoself-objectifyweremorelikelytofeelshamefulabouttheirbodiesoranxiousabouttheirappearance.”“Self-objectificationisthepathwaytosomanythingsinadolescencethatwewanttoprevent，”Aubreysaid.“So,interventionsreallyshouldfocusonhowwecanencouragegirlstodevelopanawarenessofthemselvesthatdoesn?tonlydependonwhattheylookliketootherpeople.”Theresearcherssaidparentsandcaregiversofadolescentgirlsshouldbeawarethatifateenseemstobeobsessed(癡迷的),itmightbetimeforatalk.Theresearchersalsonotethattherecanbedifferentmotivationsforsharingselfies.“Selfiesareapartofthemedialandscape,butyoushouldpostthemforreasonsotherthantryingtogetpeopletoadmireyourappearanceoryourbody，”Aubreysaid.Withanestimated93millionselfiestakeneachday,theyaren?tgoingawayanytimesoon,norshouldthey.Theimportantthingtorememberis:Selfiesaren?tbad.Justdon?tobsess.13．Whatbehaviorofadolescentgirlsmaycauseconcern？________A．Takingselfies.B．Caringabouttheirimages.C．Sharingselfiesonsocialmedia.D．Overusingeditingappstobeautifytheirimages.14．Fromthetext,whatcanwelearnaboutself-objectification？________A．Itpredictsselfieinvestment.B．Itislinkedtoselfieobsession.C．Itpreventsproblemsinadolescence.D．Itcontributestoobjectiveevaluation.15．Whatshouldinterventionscenteron？________A．Whentohaveatalkwithteengirls.B．Whentoendselfie-takingbehaviors.C．Howtohelpformahealthyself-awareness.D．Howtopreventteenagegirls?crazeforselfies.16．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken？________A．Atravelbrochure.B．Asciencenewspaper.C．Apsychologytextbook.D．Anentertainmentma