（高考英語(yǔ)作文煉句）第28篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.今天,大多數(shù)學(xué)生都知道我們的星球面臨環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn).年輕人懂得削減能源消耗以及減少浪費(fèi)是遏制氣候變化、防止能源短缺的必要措施.Moststudentstodayareawareoftheenvironmentalchallengesfacingourplanet.Youngpeopleunderstandthat

cuttingdownonenergyuse

(1.削減能源消耗)anddecreasingwastearenecessarystepstowards

curbingclimatechange

(2.遏制氣候變化)and

preventingenergyshortages(防止能源短缺).

1-cutdownonenergyusecutdownon意為減少使用,后面還可以跟intake、smoking、waste等.

詞典釋義：cutdown1.PHRASAL

VERB

短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

削減;減少使用

Ifyou

cutdownon

somethingor

cut

down

something,youuseordolessofit.

【語(yǔ)法信息】：VPonn

【語(yǔ)法信息】：VPn(notpron)

【語(yǔ)法信息】：VP

【語(yǔ)法信息】：AlsoVnP?He

cutdown

oncoffeeandcigarettes,andateabalanceddiet...他喝咖啡和吸煙都比以前少了,飲食也均衡了.

?Carownerswereaskedto

cutdowntravel...要求車(chē)主們減少駕車(chē)出行的次數(shù).?Ifyouspendmorethanyourincome,canyoutrytocutdown?

如果你入不敷出,可以試著減少開(kāi)支嗎?

外刊例句：EhsanToreini,asecurityexpertattheUniversityof

Newcastle,andhiscolleagues,describeawaytoturnthatrandomnessintoa

"fingerprint”thatisuniquetoanygivensheetofpaper.(Insecurityjargon

afingerprintisanyunique,identifyingpattern,notjustonefroma

finger).Thatcould,theyhope,helpto

cut

downon

fraud.()艾薩·托雷尼是紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)的安全學(xué)專家,他與同事描述了一種使每張紙具有的獨(dú)特"指紋”具有隨機(jī)性的方法(這里的"指紋”在安全學(xué)內(nèi)是指獨(dú)特的認(rèn)真模式,而非手指紋).他們希望這樣能減少詐騙發(fā)生.

替換表達(dá)：reduce/decrease

2-curbclimatechange詞典釋義：curbUK

[k?：b]

US

[k?：b]

verb

transitive

ADVANCED

■tocontrolorlimitsomethingthatisnotwanted

控制;限制,約束;抑制?TheGovernmentshouldactto

curb

taxevasion.政府應(yīng)該采取行動(dòng)抑制逃稅.

curb

●●○○○1.VERB

動(dòng)詞

控制;抑制;限定;約束

Ifyou

curb

something,youcontrolitandkeepitwithinlimits.

【語(yǔ)法信息】：Vn【語(yǔ)法信息】：beV-ed【搭配模式】：oftNonn?...advertisementsaimedat

curbingthespreadofAids...旨在控制艾滋病傳播的廣告?Inflationneedstobe

curbed

inRussia.俄羅斯需要抑制通貨膨脹.Curb

isalsoanoun.?Hecalledformuchstrictercurbsonimmigration.他呼吁對(duì)移民采取更嚴(yán)格的限制措施.

外刊例句：Tillersonhasclaimedtosupportarevenue-neutralcarbon

tax–abipartisansolutionthatinadditiontohelping

curbclimatechange

anditsdamages,wouldhaveamodestly

beneficialdirectimpactontheeconomy.

()蒂勒森宣布支持該局部炭排放稅——這項(xiàng)兩黨達(dá)成共識(shí)的解決方案,不僅能有助于抑制氣候變化及其破壞,還能給經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)一定好處.

替換表達(dá)：prevent/reduceclimatechange

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

Suppressclimate

change點(diǎn)評(píng)：suppress可以表示"抑制(生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)展、起作用等)”,例如：Thevirussuppressesthebody'simmunesystem.這種病毒抑制身體的免疫系統(tǒng).但不可以用suppress來(lái)修飾climatechange,這里可以改為常見(jiàn)說(shuō)法curbclimatechange(2)

Restrain

climatechange點(diǎn)評(píng)：restrain一般指"抑制,控制(增長(zhǎng)太多的東西)”,例如restrainspending/inflation/corruption,不能用restrain修飾climatechange

3-preventenergyshortages

詞典釋義：prevent[pr?'vent]

verb

transitive

ESSENTIAL

■tostopsomethingfromhappeningorsomeonefromdoing

something

阻止,妨礙;預(yù)防?Labelyoursuitcasesto

prevent

confusion.在你的手提箱上貼上標(biāo)簽以防搞混.?[+

-ing

verb]Hisdisability

prevents

him

(from)

driving.他有殘疾,不能開(kāi)車(chē).

shortageUK

['??：.t?d?]

US

['??：r.t??d?]

noun

countable

IMPROVER

■whenthereisnotenoughofsomething

缺乏,缺少?There'sa

shortage

of

foodandshelterin

therefugeecamps.難民營(yíng)里缺少足夠的食物和住處.?Thelonghotsummerhasledtoseriouswater

shortages.這個(gè)夏天漫長(zhǎng)而炎熱,導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重缺水.

例句：Thenewbodywouldoverseelargeenergyconsumerslimiting

theirconsumptionandwouldorderpowerstationstoincreasetheiroutputto

tryto

preventenergyshortages.()該新組織將監(jiān)控大型能源消耗者的能源消耗限制,命令發(fā)電站加大產(chǎn)出,以避免能源短缺.

替換表達(dá)：alleviate/ease/tackleenergyshortages

Q：Moststudentstodayareawareoftheenvironmental

challengesfacingourplanet.如果過(guò)直譯就是：環(huán)境問(wèn)題面對(duì)我們的星球,但是實(shí)際上詞典里面face后面都是接問(wèn)題：theproblemsfacedbyone-parent

families單親家庭面對(duì)的問(wèn)題Thecompanyisfacingafinancial

crisis.公司正面臨財(cái)政危機(jī).She'sfacedwithadifficult

decision.她眼前有一項(xiàng)難作的決定.It'snotalwayseasytoface

thetruth.承認(rèn)事實(shí)并不總是一件容易的.②sthfacesomeone和someonefacesth都是正確的?這兩種用法是不是沒(méi)有區(qū)別?A：somethingfacessomeone/someonefacessomething這兩種用法都正確,而且沒(méi)有區(qū)別.在麥克米倫詞典中我們可以找到這樣的例句：

(1)

Howtocombineacareerandchildrenisadilemma

facing

manywomen.(2)

Manyoftheshipyardworkers

face

losingtheirjobs.

Q：請(qǐng)教老師："Youngpeopleknowingtocutenergyconsumption

andtoreducewasteisnecessarytocurbclimatechangeandpreventenergy

shortages.”這句話是否存在語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤?是否表達(dá)了原文的意思.A：這句話有問(wèn)題,因?yàn)榫渥又鞲勺兂闪耍篩oungpeopleisnecessarytocurb

climatechange…可以改為：Youngpeopleknowthatcuttingenergyconsumptionandreducing

wastearenecessarytocurbclimatechangeandpreventenergyshortages.

建議重新復(fù)習(xí)下語(yǔ)法書(shū)中關(guān)于句法的知識(shí),避免寫(xiě)句子的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)句法錯(cuò)誤.

2.高浪費(fèi)會(huì)導(dǎo)致能源損耗以及環(huán)境惡化.我們要盡我們的職責(zé)來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)地球面臨的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn).Highwastelevels(1.高浪費(fèi))contributeto

energydepletion

(2.能源損耗)and

environmentaldegradation(3.環(huán)境惡化).Weshould

doourpart

(4.盡我們的職責(zé))torespondtotheenvironmentalchallengesfacingourplanet.

1-highwastelevels

詞典釋義：lev·el

/

?l?vl

;

?lev?l

/nounC

1.

AMOUNT

數(shù)量,theamountordegreeof

something,comparedtoanotheramountordegree數(shù)量;水平,水準(zhǔn),程度：

[+

of

]?Increasedsupplies

areneededtomeetthelevelofdemand.要增加供應(yīng)以滿足需求量.?

high/lowlevel

Dolphins

showahighlevelofintelligence.

海豚顯示出很高的智力水平.?Inflationdropped

toitslowestlevelin30years.通貨膨脹降到了30年來(lái)的最低值.?Atthemoment,

publicinterestisatahighlevel.目前,民眾的關(guān)心程度處在一個(gè)很高的水平.

waste[we?st]

noun

BADUSE

使用不當(dāng)

IMPROVER

[SorU]

■anunnecessaryorwronguseofmoney,substances,time,

energy,abilities,etc

浪費(fèi);濫用?Thatmeetingachievedabsolutelynothing-itwas

a

complete

waste

oftime.那次會(huì)議根本沒(méi)有取得甚么成果——純粹是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間.?She'sbeenunemployedfortwoyearsandit'ssuch

a

waste

of

hertalents.她已經(jīng)失業(yè)兩年了,這純粹是浪費(fèi)她的才華.?Mymothercouldn'tbear

waste

-shealwaysmadeus

eateverythingonourplates.我母親不能容忍浪費(fèi)——她總是讓我們吃光自己碟子里的所有東西.

外刊例句：Inwealthycountries,therearelowlevelsofunintentional

lossesbut

highlevelsof"food

waste”,

whichinvolvesfoodbeingthrownawaybyconsumersbecausethey

havepurchasedtoomuch,orbyretailerswhorejectfoodbecauseofexacting

aestheticstandards.

()在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,意外浪費(fèi)甚少,而食物浪費(fèi)卻十分嚴(yán)重,原因在于：顧客買(mǎi)太多了就會(huì)扔掉一些食物,而商家也會(huì)因?yàn)槭澄锊环掀鋰?yán)格美觀要求而扔掉一些.

替換表達(dá)：toomuchwaste

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

highwaste點(diǎn)評(píng)：一般沒(méi)有highwaste的說(shuō)法,可以改為highwastelevels

2-energydepletion

詞典釋義：depletion[d?'pli：.??n]

noun

[SorU]

■(a)reduction

減少;減小;縮小

?the

depletion

of

theozonelayer臭氧層變薄?Increasedexpenditurehascauseda

depletion

in

ourcapital/funds.開(kāi)支增加使我們的資本／資金減少了.

外刊例句：ThealliancesaidthestudyfoundthattheBatesonreport's

interpretationofdeerphysiologywasfactuallyunsoundandhadledtoerroneous

conclusionsaboutmuscledamage,

energy

depletion

andtheoverallstressofahunteddeer.

()該團(tuán)體稱,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：巴蒂森分析鹿的生理研究報(bào)告與事實(shí)不符,帶來(lái)了一堆錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論,這些結(jié)論關(guān)于肌肉損傷、能量消耗,以及遭捕殺的鹿所感受的壓力.

替換表達(dá)：overuseofenergy

3-environmentaldegradation

詞典釋義：environmental

●●●●○1.ADJ

形容詞

自然環(huán)境保護(hù)的;生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)的;環(huán)保的

Environmental

meansconcerned

withtheprotectionofthenaturalworldofland,sea,air,plants,and

animals.

【搭配模式】：ADJn?...economicand

environmental

legislation.經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)法規(guī)

?...the

environmental

claimsbeingmadeforsomeproducts...要求一些產(chǎn)品注重保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的主張?Environmentalgroupsplantostagepublicprotestsduring

theconference.環(huán)境保護(hù)組織計(jì)劃在會(huì)議期間組織公眾抗議活動(dòng).

degradation

[?deg.r?'de?.??n]

noun

uncountable

■whenthebeautyorqualityofsomethingisdestroyedor

spoilt

玷污;損害,危害?environmental

degradation環(huán)境惡化

例句：Iran’scriticalwatercrisisisanothermarkof

environmentaldegradation.Lakeand

riversaredryingout.LakeUrmia,oncethelargestsaltlakeintheMiddle

East,isnearlygone.

()伊朗的嚴(yán)重水危機(jī)又一次印證著環(huán)境惡化.江河湖泊都在干涸.烏爾米湖曾經(jīng)是中東地區(qū)最大的咸水湖,現(xiàn)在也快要干涸了.

替換表達(dá)：environmentaldeterioration

4-doourpart

詞典釋義：partOne'sresponsibility,duty,orobligation;share：

職責(zé),義務(wù)：某人的責(zé)任、職責(zé)或義務(wù);份額：Weeachdoourparttokeep

thehouseclean.我們各盡其職以保持房屋的清潔one'sshareorallottedtask(asinanaction)

：

duty

<onemustdo

one's

part>

外刊例句：Thepresidencyisarelayrace,requiringeachofusto

doourpart

tobringthecountry

closertoitshighestaspirations.

()總統(tǒng)一職和接力比賽無(wú)異,需要我們每位盡己所能讓全體國(guó)民回到意氣風(fēng)發(fā)之時(shí).

替換表達(dá)：doourduty/bit,takeonourresponsibility

Q：高浪費(fèi)英語(yǔ)順序Highwastelevels,水平一定排在最后嗎?②highwastelevels可不可以直接用Highwaste表示高浪費(fèi),level在這里是要補(bǔ)充漢語(yǔ)中隱含的高浪費(fèi)程度的含義嗎?A：這是level的一種常見(jiàn)用法,noun+levels表示某事物的數(shù)量、程度等很高,例如：noise/pollution/price/wage/incomelevels;不可以直接用highwaste來(lái)表示高浪費(fèi).

3.政府應(yīng)對(duì)能源短缺最基本的方法就是更好地教育公眾,特別是年輕一代,關(guān)于節(jié)能的重要性.這樣可以確?，F(xiàn)在的孩子知道形勢(shì)的嚴(yán)峻性,長(zhǎng)大后成為具有環(huán)保意識(shí)的成年人.Themostbasicwayinwhichagovernmentcanaddresstheenergyshortageistobettereducatethepublic,particularlytheyoungergeneration,abouttheimportanceof

conservingenergy(1.節(jié)能).Thiswillensurethatthechildrenoftodayareawareofthe

gravity

(2.嚴(yán)峻性)ofthesituationandgrowuptobe

environmentally-conscious

(3.具有環(huán)保意識(shí)的)adults.

1-conserveenergy

詞典釋義：conserveverb

transitive

UK

[k?n?s??v]

US

[-?s???v/

■tokeepandprotectsomethingfromdamage,changeor

waste

保護(hù);保藏;保存;保留;節(jié)約?To

conserve

electricity,wearecuttingdownonour

centralheating.為了省電,我們?cè)跍p少中央供熱.?Thenationalistsareverykeento

conserve

their

customsandlanguage.民族主義者非常熱衷于保留他們的習(xí)俗和語(yǔ)言.?I'mnotbeinglazy-I'mjust

conserving

my

energy/strength

forlater.我不是在偷懶——我只是在為以后保存精力／體力.

外刊例句：Puttingtheimpactofsavingenergyinhumanterms,for

example,canhelptoencourageotherstaffto

conserveenergy.

()比如,以人類(lèi)角度來(lái)談節(jié)約能源的影響,有助于鼓勵(lì)其他員工節(jié)約能源.

替換表達(dá)：energyconservation

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

cutting

energy點(diǎn)評(píng)：沒(méi)有cuttingenergy的說(shuō)法,只有cuttingenergyuse,這里建議改為energy

conservation

2-gravity

詞典釋義：gravityUK

['gr?v.?.ti]

US

[-?.t?i]

noun

uncountable

SERIOUS

嚴(yán)重

■seriousness

嚴(yán)重性?Idon'tthinkyouunderstandthe

gravity

ofthe

situation.我認(rèn)為你沒(méi)有明白到局勢(shì)的嚴(yán)重性.

外刊例句："Youdon'trealisethe

gravity

ofthesituation…”beganMrTrichet.ButhewascutoffbytheFrench

president,NicolasSarkozy,whointerjected,oneFrenchmantoanother："Perhaps

youspeaktobankers.We,weareanswerabletoourcitizens.”

()特里謝開(kāi)始說(shuō),"你只是沒(méi)注意到問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性…….”但他隨后遭到法國(guó)總統(tǒng)薩科齊插話.身為法國(guó)人的薩科齊對(duì)另一位同是法國(guó)人的特謝里說(shuō)道："也許你是在向銀行家發(fā)話,但我們卻該對(duì)全體國(guó)民負(fù)責(zé).”

替換表達(dá)：seriousness/severity/significance

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

strict

situation點(diǎn)評(píng)：strict是指"嚴(yán)格的”,不可以用來(lái)修飾situation(2)

thedepthof

ourpresentsituation點(diǎn)評(píng)：depth是指"深度”,不可以用來(lái)指事物的嚴(yán)重性,這里可以改為thegravityofthepresentsituation(3)

parlousstate點(diǎn)評(píng)：parlousstate一般的用法是beinaparlousstate,例如：Thecountry's

policeforcewasinaparlousstatein1990.1990年該國(guó)的警察部隊(duì)危機(jī)重重.短語(yǔ)用在這里不妥.

3-environmentally-conscious

詞典釋義：environmentally

UK

[?n?va?r?n?ment(?)li]

US

US

[?n?va??rn?ment(?)li]

adverb★

inaway

thataffectstheenvironmentorisrelatedtoit

Everybodyhassomescopefordoingtheir

jobinamoreenvironmentallyresponsibleway.

alessenvironmentallydamagingscheme

consciousUK

['k?n.t??s]

US

['kɑ：n-]

adjective

NOTICING

意識(shí)到

beconsciousofsth/sb

IMPROVER

■tonoticethataparticularthingorpersonexistsoris

present

意識(shí)到;察覺(jué)到;感覺(jué)到?Thetoothdoesn'texactlyhurt,butI'm

conscious

ofit(=Icanfeelit)allthetime.牙齒并不痛,可是我總覺(jué)得不舒服.?[+

-ing

verb]Ithinkshe'svery

conscious

ofbeing

theonlypersonintheofficewhodidn'thaveauniversity

education.我想她對(duì)于自己是辦公室里唯一沒(méi)有受過(guò)大學(xué)教育的人這一點(diǎn)很敏感.?[+

that]Hegraduallybecame

conscious

(of

thefact)

that

everyoneelsewaswearingasuit.他漸漸意識(shí)到其他人都是穿著西裝.

外刊例句：Issuessuchasequalpay,

environmentallyconscious

manufacturingprocesses,preventionof

counterfeitgoods,humantrafficking,responsiblefarmingpracticesand

overproductionofgoodsareallattheforefrontofconsumers’mindswhen

makingthesechoices.

()顧客在做出這些決定時(shí),會(huì)考慮一系列問(wèn)題,比如：收入平等、制作工藝是否環(huán)保、阻止假貨、人口拐賣(mài)、耕地負(fù)責(zé)、以及商品過(guò)剩等問(wèn)題.

替換表達(dá)：environmentallyaware

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

environment

awareness點(diǎn)評(píng)：沒(méi)有environment

awareness的說(shuō)法,應(yīng)該改為environmentalawareness

Q：不過(guò)我不太理解inwhich在這里的用法.A：這里是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,Themostbasicwayin

which

agovernmentcanaddresstheenergyshortage…which指代前面的way,句子相當(dāng)于Agovernmentcanaddressthe

energyshortageinthemostbasicway…

4.政府要確保媒體在鼓勵(lì)節(jié)能措施上發(fā)揮積極作用.這可能包括鼓勵(lì)人們使用自行車(chē)而不是汽車(chē)的電視宣傳活動(dòng),或者是通過(guò)雜志和報(bào)紙文章宣傳更好的房屋隔熱帶來(lái)的好處.Thegovernmentcanensurethatthemediaplaysanactiveroleinencouragingtheuseof

energy-efficientpractices(1.節(jié)能措施).Thismightinclude

televisioncampaigns

(2.電視宣傳活動(dòng))topromotetheuseofbicyclesinsteadofcars,ormagazineandnewspaperarticlesonthebenefitsofbetter

homeinsulation(3.房屋隔熱).

1-energy-efficientpractices

詞典釋義：energy-efficient

1.ADJ

形容詞

能效高的;高能效的

Adeviceor

buildingthatis

energy-efficient

usesrelativelylittleenergytoprovidethepoweritneeds.?...energy-efficient

lightbulbs.高能效燈泡

?...informationonhowtomakeyourhomemoreenergy

efficient.有關(guān)如何提高家庭能效的知識(shí)

practice['pr?k.t?s]

noun

ACTION

行動(dòng)

ESSENTIAL

uncountable

■actionratherthanthoughtorideas

實(shí)施,實(shí)踐?Itseemedlikeagoodideabeforewestarted,but

in

practice

itwasadisaster.在我們動(dòng)手之前這似乎是個(gè)好主意,但實(shí)際上卻是場(chǎng)災(zāi)難.?Officially,Robert'sincharge,but

in

practice

Hannahrunstheoffice.據(jù)稱應(yīng)該是羅伯特負(fù)責(zé)辦事處的工作,但實(shí)際上卻是漢娜在管.?Ican'tseehowyourplanisgoingtowork

in

practice.我看不出你的計(jì)劃在實(shí)踐中如何行得通.?Howdoyouintendto

put

theseproposals

into

practice,Mohamed?

穆罕默德,你打算如何把這些計(jì)劃付諸實(shí)行?

外刊例句：Participantsstressthatitisnecessarytobewillingto

doanythingandeverythingtogetpeopleexcitedandengagedin

energyefficientpractices.()參與者強(qiáng)調(diào),大家該竭盡所能讓普羅大眾對(duì)節(jié)能措施有興趣,能投身于其中.

替換表達(dá)：energy-savingmeasures/energyconservationmeasures

2-televisioncampaigns

詞典釋義：1b.

aseriesofthingssuchastelevisionadvertisementsor

posters

thattrytopersuadepeopletobuyaproduct

Thecampaignboostedsalesofthejeansby200%.

anadvertising/publicity/marketingcampaign

Acampaignisanyseriesof

actionsoreventsthataremeanttoachieveaparticularresult,likean

advertisingcampaignoftelevisioncommercialsand

Inter