2024年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)沖刺過(guò)關(guān)專題09 閱讀填表（原卷版）

【查補(bǔ)知識(shí)漏洞·通關(guān)練】專題09閱讀填表（原卷版）（2023·遼寧朝陽(yáng)·中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成表格，每空不超過(guò)三個(gè)詞。Whenthefirstpersonlookeduptothesky,people’simaginationofspacebegan.InChina,therearemanystoriesabouttheexploration(探索)ofspace.Thousandsofyearsago,therewasaladynamedChang’ethatflewtotheMoonandlivedtherewitharabbit.It’sjustastoryinmyths(神話).IntheMingDynasty,amannamedWanHuusedamachinewhichwasmadeofachair,somefireworksandakiteasarockettoflytospacebutfailed.Hewasconsideredasthefirsthumanthattriedtoexplorespace.Ourexplorationofspaceneverstoppeduntilitbecamearealityinmoderntimes.Withoutdoubt,Chinesespacetechnologyhasmadegreatprogress.In2003,whenShenzhouVsetoffsuccessfully,YangLiwei’swords“Iamproudofourmotherland”broughttearstooureyes.CarryingtheflyingdreamoftheChinesenationforthousandsofyears,asthefirstspacevisitorofChina,hestartedtheSpaceAgefortheChinese.In2008,ZhaiZhiganginShenzhouVIIhadthefirstChinesespacewalk,“Iamoutofthecapsule(太空艙),andIfeelgood,”hetoldtheworldproudly.Inthenextyears,Chinakeptmakingitswayinordertostepfurtheronexploringspace.Especiallyintherecentyears,ChinahassentupShenzhouXIandShenzhouXV.Sixastronautshavebeensenttospacewithtwowomenincluded.OnMay30,2023,JingHaipeng,ZhuYangzhuandGuiHaichaoinShenzhouXVIweresentintospacesuccessfully.From2003to2023,Chinesepeoplegofartherandfartherinspace,Inthenearfuture,ChinawillsendastronautstotheMoonandexploretheMoon.StoriesaboutChina’s1ThousandsofyearsagoChang’eflewtotheMooninmyths.IntheMingDynastyWanHumadeamachineandtriedtoexplorespace.In2003YangLiweistarted2fortheChinese.In2008ZhaiZhiganghadthefirstChinesespacewalk.InthenextyearsWeChinesepeoplekeptmakingourway3wecouldstepfurtheronexploringspace.On4ChinasentShenzhouXVIintospacesuccessfully.InthefutureChineseastronauts5totheMoon.1.查表。閱讀表格，分析表格的項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)特征，從而把握信息范圍及對(duì)文章的理解方向。要特別關(guān)注文章的標(biāo)題欄和表格前的小標(biāo)題，這樣有助于理解文章大意。2.析文?？焖贋g覽全文，把握文章大意;再仔細(xì)閱讀文章內(nèi)容，找準(zhǔn)細(xì)節(jié)定位。閱讀文章時(shí)，要利用多種閱讀技巧，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行全面理解。3.填表。進(jìn)行填表。多數(shù)題目的答案可以在文章中直接找出;少數(shù)題目需要在分析原文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合題目對(duì)文章進(jìn)行理解歸納答案;還需注重書寫習(xí)慣，多注意大小寫的運(yùn)用。表格挖空處是根據(jù)原文中的關(guān)鍵詞句來(lái)設(shè)置的，因而答案往往是與原文中出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)或意思相近的詞語(yǔ)，通常情況下有四種設(shè)題方式:1.標(biāo)題歸納題一般位于表格的上欄或左欄，考生可根據(jù)表格下欄或右欄的內(nèi)容及文段中主題句和文章大意進(jìn)行分析，加以概括總結(jié)。解題方法：文章標(biāo)題的歸納，一要關(guān)注文章的核心及高頻詞匯，二要根據(jù)主題句提煉主題。(1)閱讀文章時(shí)，要注意文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)的信息，因而要在文中尋找覆蓋全文的核心詞匯或句子，或?qū)ふ遗c文章大部分內(nèi)容相關(guān)的信息。(2)尋找文章的主題句是解答標(biāo)題歸納題的核心，主題句一般位于文章首末段或分散于各個(gè)段落中，需要考生加以總結(jié)提煉，得出答案。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題利用表格中所給的信息定位至原文，仔細(xì)辨別，尋找答案。解題方法：此類題目需要采用關(guān)鍵信息定位法，根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息定位到文章中的具體語(yǔ)句。3.推理判斷題對(duì)比表格內(nèi)容與原文內(nèi)容的差異，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和邏輯推理得出答案。解題方法：此類題目要求考生對(duì)文中某一細(xì)節(jié)或?qū)懽饕鈭D給出合理判斷或推理，運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力得出蘊(yùn)含在文中沒有明確說(shuō)出的事實(shí)或暗示的含義。4.同義轉(zhuǎn)換題對(duì)比表格內(nèi)容與原文內(nèi)容的差異，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行詞形的轉(zhuǎn)換。即:名詞→動(dòng)詞、名詞→形容詞、主動(dòng)→被動(dòng)、肯定→否定……解題方法：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息定位到文章中的具體語(yǔ)句，分析原文句子并結(jié)合題千句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定空格處在句中所承擔(dān)的句子成分，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)義進(jìn)行適當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換。1.閱讀文章時(shí),要學(xué)會(huì)理清文章的寫作思路和篇章結(jié)構(gòu),這通常是很重要的設(shè)題線索(1)特別注意表格前的小標(biāo)題,它通常是文章的主題。讀懂了表格標(biāo)題有助于理解短文及表格的大意。(2)分析表格的項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)容,根據(jù)所提供的表格內(nèi)容提示理清表格的設(shè)計(jì)原理。(3)學(xué)會(huì)查讀。要帶著問(wèn)題有意識(shí)地在文章中尋找與答案相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ),或概括、歸納出關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。2.做題時(shí)要充分利用解題的微技能。(1)詞形轉(zhuǎn)換能力任務(wù)型閱讀中好多答案都需要通過(guò)詞形轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)完成。如:原文中用besurprisedtodosth.,根據(jù)表格題目設(shè)計(jì),轉(zhuǎn)換為Itissurprisingthat...。(2)英英釋義能力任務(wù)型閱讀中有些題日需要通過(guò)英英釋義來(lái)解決。如:原文中用了keepyourattention,根據(jù)表格題目設(shè)計(jì),要用listen。(3)逆向思維能力所謂逆向思維,即從另一個(gè)角度來(lái)思考問(wèn)題。如:原文中用了..andmostpeoplewillstayawayfromanangryface.表格中的題目設(shè)計(jì)成:Peopledon’tliketheonewithanangryface.<1>（2024·四川成都·二模）閱讀下面短文，完成題后的表格。Whenyoufeeldisappointed,youshouldknowitisnaturalandnormal,andeveryonewillexperienceitintheirlife.Sometimeslifebringsusadifficulthand,andeventsandtrials(考驗(yàn))wecan’tcontrolhappentous.Othertimesitisourownactionsthemselvesthatcauseourtrials.Evenso,disappointmentispartoflife’sjourney.Whetherwehaveabetterlifedependsonhowwedealwithit.Herearesomestepstohelpustomakeourjourneymoreenjoyable.Firstly,redefine(重新定義)ourrules.Itisconsideredthateveryonehashisown“rule”intheirmind.Ifourownrulesaretooperfect,thentheywilldisappointusgreatly.Whenwefeeldisappointed,itiswisetoreviewandredefineourrules.Tryanencouragingrule:IamhappyandIamsuccessfulsinceIhavemademygreatestefforts.Secondly,remindourselvesnowandthenofthereasonswhyweareworkingtowardsthegoal.Itisofgreathelptorememberthereasonswhenwefeeldown.Byrevisitingthosereasons,wewilllikelyrenewourpromisesandnotgethunguponthedisappointmentofthemoment.Thirdly,thinkaboutourlargervision(視野)andrecommit(重新提交)toit.Itreallyhelps.Disappointmentisaveryvaluableexperience,whichservesasagoodeducatorandmakesusmoreabletomeetthechallengesofthefuture.Finally,resetandhaveanewstart.Ithelpspreventusfromgettingintoself-pityandforceustogetupandmoveforward.Don’tliveinthepast.Takewhatthepasthastaughtusandkeepmoving.Wakeuptheverynextdayasifourwholelifeisaheadofusandwehavethechancetorestart.Nothingthathappenedinthepastcanstopusfromcreatingthelifethatwehavealwaysdesiredorfromachievingthegoalsthatweareworkingtowards.LearningtodealwithdisappointmentIntroductionIt’stoonaturalandnormaltofeeldisappointedandlearningtodealwithitispartofafulfillinglife.CausesofdisappointmentEventsandtrialsinlifearesometimesoutof1.Sometimesourtrialsarecausedbyourownactions.2todealingwithdisappointment

Redefineourrules3disappointourselves,trysomeencouragingonesRemindourwhysBeingremindedoftenofourwhyshelpsusrenewourpromisesandgetoverthedisappointment.Recommittoourvision4makesustobemoreabletomeetthechallengesofthefuture.ResetandstartanewlifeInsteadoflivinginthepast,wetakewhatwehavelearnedfromthepastandmoveforward.ConclusionDealingwithdisappointmentproperlycanimprove5ofourlifeandmakeourlifejourneyenjoyable.<2>（2024·江蘇南京·一模）Thetwenty-firstcenturyisalreadyturningouttobethecenturyofmoderntechnologies.Thetechnologicalrevolution(革命)thatstartedafterWorldWarIIisnowdevelopingmorequickly.Computingandothertechnologicaldevelopmentisbeginningtoreachintoinfluenceandtakeovernearlyeverypartofourlives.Thetwomaininfluencesmoderncomputinghashadonourlivesareintheareasofeconomics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué))andcommunications.Technologyhasledtobigchangesineconomicandbusinesssystemsandoperations(經(jīng)營(yíng)).Businessesnowhavetobeusingcloudservicesormachinelearningorriskfailure.Asaresult,everybigcompanybasesitsoperationsoncomputing.Forexample,CocaCola,HuaweiandTencentselldifferentproductsandservices,yettheyallshareonebasicfeature—withoutmoderncomputingservices,theiroperationswouldbreakdown.Newtechnologiesplayanimportantroleineconomies.ChinaandmanyotherdevelopingcountrieshavelargeITindustries,whichdrivetheireconomies.What’smore,developedcountries,includingGermanyandtheUnitedStates,aremovingfromanindustrial-basedeconomytoacomputingandIT-basedone.Theotherimportantinfluenceoftechnologicalchangeisinthewayofcommunication.Forexample,inthepast,peoplewrotelettersortalkedonfixedphones,whichsloweddownthecommunicationprocess.Nowtheysende-mailsandtextmessages,orchatusingmobilephones.Insteadofwaitingweeksforaletterorspendingtimefindingafixedphone,wecancommunicaterightaway.Newformsofcommunicationarecheaperorfree.Asaresult,nowpeoplewholivethousandsofkilometresawayfromeachothercancommunicateasmuchastheywantatanytime.Inconclusion,computingandnewtechnologieshavehadagreatinfluenceonourlivesinmanyways.Andtheyhavehadthegreatestinfluenceinbusinessandcommunication.Inthefuture,iftechnologycontinuesdevelopingatsuchspeed,ourbusinesspracticesandmethodsofcommunicationwillhaveevengreaterchanges.Itisalreadystartingtobringchangestootherpartsofourlives,suchastransportationandhealth.Whatinfluencehastechnologyhadonourlives?Introduction>Greatchangeshavetakenplaceintechnologies6WorldWarII.>Computinghasmadeagreat7toeconomicsandcommunications.8ofmaininfluences>Operationsofbigcompanies9oncomputing.>LargeITindustries10countrieslikeChinatodeveloptheireconomies.>Newtechnologieshave11GermanyandUSAintoacomputingandIT-basedeconomy.>Technologicalchangemakescommunication12andfasterthanbefore.>Wespend13oncommunicationaswell.>Peoplecancommunicatewitheachother14theywant.ConclusionThemore15technologyisdeveloping,thegreaterchangeswewillhave.<3>（2024·江蘇無(wú)錫·一模）先通讀下面的短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在文章后表格的空格內(nèi)填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。所填單詞必須寫在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只能填一個(gè)單詞。Iscream,youscream,weallscreamforicecream!Onahotsunnyday,whowouldsaynotoasweet,ice-coldicecream?Itwouldbeanexcitingtreattofindoutwhoinventedicecream.ThefirstkindoficecreamwasmadeinChinaalmostthreethousandyearsago.Itwasamixtureofsnow,milkandrice.FromChina,therecipe(食譜)wasspreadtoEurope.TheEmperorNeroofRomeenjoyedafrozendessert(甜點(diǎn))thatwasamixtureofsnow,honeyandfruits.InAsia,theMughalEmperorsrequiredtheirhorsementobringsnowfromthemountainstoDelhi(Delhicangetveryhot!).Theicewasmixedwithflavours(香料)andwasthenusedinfruitsorbets(冰糕).WhentheItalianCatherinedeMedicimarriedHenryIIofFrance,shebroughtflavouredsorbetrecipestoFrance.HerItaliancookcreateddifferentflavourfruiticeforeachdayoftheweddingcelebrations.IcecreamarrivedinEnglandfromFrance.KingCharlesII,builtanicehouseinthecentreofLondonandwasthefirstBritishkingwhoisknowntohaveeatenicecream.Untilthe1800’sicecreamremainedadeliciousdessertenjoyedonlybytherich.IcecreamcametoAmericafromEurope.In1832,WhiteHousecookAugustusJacksonfoundouthowtoputicecreamincanstosendtoice-creamstores.Hewasnamedthe‘FatherofIceCream’.Technologicaldevelopmentmadeicecreamproductionpossible.In1843,theicecreammachinewasspreadtoEnglandandAmerica.Thiswasmadefromawoodenboxfilledwithiceandsalt.Todaytherearesomanydifferentflavoursoficecream.Youcannameanyflavourandtherewillbeanicecreamofit.Themostpopularflavoursarechocolateandstrawberry.InterestingFactThefirst‘refrigerators’werecreatedbymixingsaltwithice.Mixingsaltwithicereducesthefreezingpoint.Youcanachievetemperatureslowerthan-14℃.The16ofIceCreamInterestingFact?InChinaAmixtureofsnow,milkandriceSaltlowersthetemperatureto17icecreamfrozen?InEurope18materialswereusedtomakeicecream.Frenchenjoyedicecreamwhenpeoplegotmarried.19peoplecouldn’tenjoyicecreamuntilthe1800’s.?InIndiaHorsemenwere20tocollectsnowfromthemountains.?InAmericaPeoplecanbuyicecreaminstores.TheicecreammachinewasintroducedintoAmerica.<4>（2024·江蘇泰州·一模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容，在文章后面表格空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。ThedrumhasexistedinChinesecivilizationforthousandsofyearsandhasadeepspiritualmeaningwhichismorethanakindofmusicalinstrument.Confuciusregardedthe“DrumDance”highly.ItisalsotheoriginoftheChinesephrase“guwu”whichmeans“embolden”(大膽)inEnglish.ThedrumwasmentionedinChinesehistoryinthePotteryAge.TheZhoudynastysetupthedrummusicinstitutionthatwasresponsible(負(fù)責(zé)的)forthemanagementofofficersknownas“drummen”anddevelopedacompletedrummusicsystem.Fromthenon,drumscametobeusedinancientChinesepracticessuchassacrifice(祭祀),military(軍事),labor(勞動(dòng))andotheractivities.InancientChina,agriculturewasthemainformofproductionanddrumswereconsideredindispensable(不可或缺的)foragoodharvest.Sincethesoundofdrumsechoesthatofthunder,itwasbelievedthatplayingdrumscouldattractrain.Sotheinstrumentwasusedtoprayforgoodweatherandto“communicate”withthem.Drumsalsoplayedapartinthewar.Becauseofastrongresonanceeffect(共振作用),thedrum’ssoundcouldgoveryfarwhileincreasingfearintheheartoftheenemies.Sothedrumwasusedasamilitaryboosterforalongtime.IntheTangandSongdynasties,thesocietywasdevelopingfastanddrumswerewidelyused.Thenationalband,drama,folkart,songanddance,boatracing,liondance,festivalgatheringandlaborcompetitionwerealltogetherwiththebeatsofdrums.Thesoundofdrumsbecamesynonymous(同義的)withcelebrations,fillingheartswithjoy.DifferenttypesofChinesedrumsexisttoday.Forexample,“TaipingDrum”isusedtoexpresshopeforpeaceandprosperitywhile“AnsaiWaistDrum”ismeanttoshowthespiritoftheLoessPlateau(黃土高原)andtheheroiccharacteroffarmersinNorthwestChina.Kaifenghas“PanDrum”,andLuochuanofShaanxiProvinceisknownforits“BieDrum”.Therearealsosomecheerfulandtime-honoreddrumdancessuchas“FengyangFlowerDrum”inAnhuiProvinceand“FishingBasketFlowerDrum”inJiangsuProvince.Inaword,drumculturereflects(反映)thestability(安定)andprosperity(繁榮)ofChinesesociety.Forthousandsofyears,Chinesepeoplehavealwaysbeenexpectingpeaceandsatisfaction.DrumcultureinChinaIntroduction●ThedrumappearedthousandsofyearsagoinChina.Itgoesfar21amusicalinstrumentandhasadeepeffectonhistoryandculture.In22times●The23ofthedruminChinacanbetracedbacktothePotteryAge.●Aspecialdrummusicinstitutionwassetupfor24officerscalled“drummen”.Meanwhile,acompletedrummusicsystemwasdeveloped.●Later,drumswereputinto25inancientChinesepractices.●Peopleplayeddrumsforagoodharvestinagriculturesincepeople26itcouldbringrain.●Thesoundofthedrumcouldtravelalongway,27itwouldgiveenemiesastrongersenseoffearinthewar.●Withthefast28ofthesociety,drumswerewidelyusedandthesoundofdrumsfilledpeople’sheartswithjoy.Today·DrumsofdifferenttypesareseenacrossChinaandthey29alottotheirlocalculture.Conclusion●DrumculturereflectsthestabilityandprosperityofChinesesociety.●Peoplehopetolive30withsatisfactioninthesocietylikethis.<5>（2024·四川成都·二模）完成圖表。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成圖表中所缺信息。E-wastemeansoldelectronicslikecomputers,phones,andTVsthatpeoplethrowaway.Whennewelectronicscomeout,manyoldonesarethrownaway.Theseoldelectronicshaveharmfulmaterialsinside.Theycanhurttheenvironmentiftheygetintothegroundorwater.Electronicsneedspecialmetalsthatarehardtofind.Gettingthesemetalsfromtheearthcancausealotofpollution.Aswemakemoreelectronics,thesemetalsbecomeevenhardertofind.However,wecanrecyclethesemetalsfromoldelectronicsinsteadofdiggingfornewones.AgroupcalledWEEEistryingtoshowhowseriousthee-wasteproblemis.WEEEsaysthrown-awaye-wastelikerare(稀有的)metalsisworth$57billioneachyear.Also,UNresearchersstudied“invisible”e-waste,whichpeopledon’tnoticemuch.Theyfoundthat1/6ofalle-wasteis“invisible”andworthabout$9.5billionayear.Eventhoughit’scalled“invisible,”it’salot,weighingabout19.8billionpounds.Surprisingly,toysleadthe“invisible”e-wastegroup,accordingtothestudy.Inall,toysmakeupabout35%ofthe“invisible”e-waste.Everyyear,about7.3billionelectronictoysarethrownawayworldwide.Buttheproblemisfarlargerthanjusttoys.Homealarms,smokealarmsandpowertoolsalsoleadto“invisible”e-waste.WEEEishopingthatasmorepeopleandgovernmentspayattentiontoe-waste,theywillmakeamuchgreaterefforttomakegooduseofoldelectronicsbeforetheyarethrownaway.Afterall,therearemanyvaluablepartsinthem.Definition(定義):Theoldelectronicsthatarethrownaway.31:·Harmfulmaterialsinitwillpollutethegroundorwater.·Specialmetalsinitwillbe32.

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Specialexample:“invisible”e-waste(thee-wastethat’softennotnoticed)

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WEEE’sefforts:·Itworkstoremindpeopleoftheseriousnessofthee-wasteproblem.·Ithopesmoreeffortcanbeputintothe33ofelectronics.Seriousness:·Itmakesupabout1/6ofthee-waste.·Thefigure($9.5billionayear/19.8billionpounds)showsthe34and______ofthee-wastethatpeoplefailtorealize.35:toys·Theymakeupabout35%ofthe“invisible”e-waste.·About7.3billionelectronictoysarethrownawayworldwideeveryyear.Othercauses:homealarms,smokealarmsandpowertools…<6>（2024·江蘇泰州·一模）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文中的信息完成文后的表格。(每空一詞)BeginningofSpringBeginningofSpring,LichuninChinese,isthefirstofthe24SolarTerms(節(jié)氣)inthetraditionalChinesecalendar.Afterthateverythingturnsgreen.Peopleclearlynoticethatdaytimebecomeslongerandtheweathergetswarmer.Thefollowingaresomethingspeopledotocelebratethecomingofspring.FlyingkitesSpringisthebestseasonforkite-flying.Thistraditionalfolkactivitybeganover2,000yearsago.Itcanhelpbuildone’shealthandpreventdiseases.Abreathoffreshairoutsidecanrefreshtheirmindwhentheyareflyingkites.WearingfabricswallowsWearingfabricswallowsisacustominsomepartsinShaanxi.EveryBeginningofSpring,peopleliketowearaswallowmadeofcolorfulsilkontheirchests.Theswallowisasymbolofspringandhappiness.BitingthespringInmanypartsofChina,peoplefollowthecustomof“bitingthespring”onthedayofBeginningofSpring.Theyeatspringpancakes,springrolls(春卷),orafewcarrots.MakingaSpringOxThiscustominShaanxiispracticedrightbeforeBeginningofSpring.Thelocalgovernmenthiressomeskilledworkersandgathersthemtobuildtheframe(框架)ofanoxoutofbamboostripsandthelegswithwood.Peoplewoulddosotowelcomespringandhopeforagoodharvestthatyear.PeopleinChinabeganholdingaspecialactivityonthedayofBeginningofSpringabout3,000yearsago.BytheQingDynasty(1644—1911),greetingspringhadbecomeanimportantfolkactivity.Sincethen,BeginningofSpringasanimportantsolartermhasbeenpassedon.BeginningofSpringIntroductionBeginningofSpringisthefirstofthe24SolarTermsinthetraditionalChinesecalendar,anditis36LichuninChinese.Daytimegetslongerandthetemperaturegets37.The38ofBeginningofSpringFlyingkitesAsatraditionalfolkactivity,ithasa39ofmorethan2,000years.Itcanhelppeoplekeep40andpreventdiseases.WearingfabricswallowsTheswallows41forspringandhappiness,somanypeoplewearfabricswallowsonthedayofBeginningofSpring.BitingthespringPeoplecelebrateBeginningofSpringby42somespecially-madefood.MakingaSpringOxTheskilledworkers43bamboostripsandwoodtomakeanox.Peopledosotowelcomespringand44agoodharvest.ConclusionItis45forChinesepeopletogreetspringonthedayofBeginningofSpring.<7>（2024·四川成都·二模）閱讀短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容，完成表格中所缺信息，將答案按編號(hào)依次填入表格內(nèi)的題號(hào)后。UndertheinfluenceoftheSilkRoad,Chinaisoftenanexporter(輸出國(guó)).However,throughoutthehistoryoftheseroutes,manythingswereintroducedtoChinathroughthem.Herearethreeofthem.TheCentralAsianareaintroducedmanyproductstoChina.Forexample,duringtheHanandJindynasties,nomadicpeoplefromtheNorthintroducedcrops(作物)likecarrotstoChinathroughtheNorthernSilkRoad.OneofthefoodsmadefromthosecropsisHubing,atypeofbreadpopularinthewesternareasofChina.ItwasintroducedtoChang’anbypeoplefromCentralAsiaduringtheTangDynasty.Besides,manyofthesepeoplefromwesternareasopenedcakeshopsinChang’an.OneofthemostpopularproductstheseshopssoldwasBiluo,atypeofcakethatlookedlikeapillow.Peoplecouldseethecolorofthefillinginsidefromtheoutsidebecausethesurfaceofthisdessertwasquitethin.Anotherfoodisalargenumberofspices(香料),suchaspepper.TheywereintroducedtoChinathroughareassuchastheIndianSubcontinent.Pepperwasfirstusedformedicalpurposes,butlater,duringtheTangDynastyitwasusedforcooking.AftertheTangDynasty,Chinabegantogrowpepperinitssouthernareas.However,theproductionwasnotenoughtomeettheneedsandpeppercontinuedtobeimported(進(jìn)口)fromabroad.DuringtheSongDynasty,thankstothedevelopmentofseatransportation,pepperwasimportedinlargenumbersanditwasnolongerasvaluableasbefore.Butformostpeople,pepperremainedanexpensivespicethatwasonlysavedforspecialevents,suchaswhencookingforguests.DuringtheMingDynasty,theSeaSilkRoadgreatlyincreasedtheimportofpeppertoChina.ThefoodintroducedtoChinathroughtheSilkRoadnotonlyenrichedthedietoftheChinesepeople,butalsoencouragedculturalexchanges.

46?CentralAsiansencourageditsdevelopment.?ItwasintroducedtoChang’anduring47.?Itwasa48cake.?Itssurfaceissothinthatpeoplecanseethefillinginsideeasily.?Itwasfirstusedas49.?ItbegantobeplantedinthesouthernareasaftertheTangDynasty.?DuringtheSongDynasty,pepperwasstillan50thingatahighpriceformostpeople.<8>（2024·山西呂梁·一模）根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容,在方框內(nèi)的縮寫文章中,填入與短文意思最符合的每答案寫在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。每空一詞。BuiltinChina’sSuiDynasty,ZhaozhouBridge(alsoknownasAnjiBridge)istheoldestexistingbridgeinChina.ItisovertheXiaoRiver,2,HebeiProvince.LiChun,anarchitect(建筑師)presidedover(主持)itsbuilding.IntheSuiDynasty,Zhaozhouconnectednorthandsouthasamajortransportationcenter.Withthefloodbreakingthesouth-northtraffic,thebuildingofabridgewasnecessary.Becauseofthefloodinsummerandautumn,thebridgehadtobedesignedtowithstand(承受)flooding.Thesinglearched(拱形的)stonebridgeis64.4metersinlengthand37.02metersinwidth.TheZhaozhouBridgehastwopairsofsmallarchesateachsideofthecentralarch.Thelargerpairsofarchesare3.81metersinspanandthesmallerare2.85meters.Zhaozhouistheworld’searliestopen-spandrelarchedbridge.Theoldestopen-spandrelarchedbridgeinEuropeis700yearslaterthanit.SincethebridgewasbuiltintheSuiDynasty,ithasbeenrepairedseveraltimesbecauseofwars,earthquakesandothermaturalandman-madeevents.Thefirsttimetorepairthebridgehappenedabout200yearsafterthebridgewascompleted.Butthemostcompleteonehappenedinthemid-1950s,duringwhichmoderntechnologywasused.Stonepartsdugfromtheriverbedorreplacedwererelocatedindoorsforprotection.TheyjoinedthecollectionsofthelocalmuseumsandtheNationalMuseumofChina.

ZhaozhouBridge,whichLiChunwasresponsibleforitsconstruction,isthe51existingbridgeinChia.Itwas52tobuildthebridgebecausethefloodbrokethesouth-northtraffic.

ZhaozhouBridgeistheworld’searliestopen-spandrelarchedbridge.Theoldestopen﹣spandrelarchedbridgeinEuropeis700years53thanZhaozhouBridge.SincetheSuiDynasty,thebridgehasbeenrepairedseveraltimesbecauseofwars,earthquakesandothernaturalandman-madeevents.Thefirsttimeto54thebridgewasabout200yearsafterthebridgewascompleted.Inthemid-1950s,thebridgewasrepairedmost55withmoderntechnology.<9>（2024·四川宜賓·一模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容完成表格中所缺的信息。Haveyounoticedthatmanypeoplearoundyouseemtobelisteningtoaudiobookstheseyears?It’sactuallyachangeinthewholenation.AccordingtoareportonChinesepeople’sreadinghabits,32.7%ofChineseadultshadthehabitoflisteningtoaudiobookswhentheywerefreein2021,andthepercentageisstillrising.Asaresult,moreandmorepublishinghousespublishnewbooksinprinttogetherwiththeiraudioanddigitalversionstomeettheneedsofdifferentreaders.So,whatmakesaudiobookssopopular?Well,herearesomeadvantagesoflisteningtoaudiobooks.Firstofall,inabusylife,noteveryoneispatientenoughtositdownandreadthebookunhurriedly,butwithaudiobooks,peoplecanlistentothemwhentheyaredriving,cooking,working,andsoon.Second,althoughbookscanmakearoomlookbetter,itmightnotbethecasewithsomeonewholivesinasmallspace.Audiobooksareeasytogetfromacomputerorsmartphone,andtheyneedednospaceintheroom.Third,whenmakingaudiobooks,peopleusemoderntechnology,whichdoesn’trequireanylinkorpaper.Bydoingso,plentyoftreesaresavedandnopollutionwillbecaused.Fourth,forsomepeople,readingcanbeatiringchore.Thisisn’ttosaythatbooksareboring,butnoteveryonecanenjoythemselvesinbooksformanyhours.Onlybookscanincludemusic,voiceactingandemotionalinterrelationsthatmakepeoplefeelmoreexcited.Butevenwiththeseadvantages,peopleshouldn’tgiv