1.四沖程內(nèi)燃機(jī)-機(jī)械原理課程設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)及說(shuō)明

齒數(shù)模數(shù)m分度圓直徑變位系數(shù)基圓直徑齒頂圓直徑齒根圓直徑分度圓上的齒厚公法線長(zhǎng)Z1363.5126-0.176118.401131.768116.0185.04937.507Z2、Z'2143.5490.17646.04557.23241.4825.94616.606Z3、Z'3723.5252-0.176236.803257.768242.0185.04980.601畫(huà)出機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖如圖2-5所示圖2-5機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖2.2 運(yùn)動(dòng)分析1、速度分析（1）在CAD中新建一個(gè)零件圖，在任意處以曲柄長(zhǎng)度r畫(huà)一個(gè)圓，圓心為O，以圓心為起點(diǎn)，r為長(zhǎng)度畫(huà)一條直線，與圓O交于點(diǎn)A，再畫(huà)一條無(wú)限長(zhǎng)度豎直線，以A為起點(diǎn)畫(huà)線與豎直線相交于點(diǎn)B，長(zhǎng)度為l，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)易的機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖就完成了。在簡(jiǎn)圖上定出當(dāng)OA與AB共線和垂直的四個(gè)點(diǎn)，并以上共線點(diǎn)在圓上陣列出12個(gè)點(diǎn)，此時(shí)圓上共有15個(gè)點(diǎn)。如圖2-6所示。圖2-6運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖圖解法求速度作出速度方程式如下：方向：大?。?？？圖2-7速度矢量三角形如圖2-7所示，在SolidWorks中任取一點(diǎn)p作為速度極點(diǎn)。從點(diǎn)p出發(fā)做代表的矢量pa(且)，再分別過(guò)點(diǎn)a和p做代表的方向線ab（），代表的方向線pb(豎直方向），兩者相交于點(diǎn)B，在線段ab上截出一點(diǎn)C，使得=0.37，c點(diǎn)即為連桿的質(zhì)心點(diǎn)，連接pc，則pc的長(zhǎng)度即為的大小。賦予速度矢量三角形一些約束，則速度矢量三角形可跟著機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖的運(yùn)動(dòng)而變化，()則，，連桿的角速度則為在運(yùn)動(dòng)分析圖中將曲柄移動(dòng)一個(gè)點(diǎn)，記錄一組數(shù)據(jù)，數(shù)據(jù)如表2-2所示(S為連桿上端點(diǎn)與活塞推程最高點(diǎn)的距離)。表2-2各點(diǎn)速度位置SVAB(m/s)Vc2(m/s)VB(m/s)ω2A009.5084.754022.02251A126.117.8217.516.08418.11507A292.064.1079.2669.429.51267A2'124.52.1499.5429.7484.977533A3170.850.8419.4169.5081.947932A4237.995.5238.2056.87312.79242A5281.738.6176.73.76719.95877A6299.589.5755.9750.57422.1777A6'3009.5084.754022.02251A7290.448.2086.657-2.87519.01144A8251.314.4568.304-6.70510.32103A9182.110.9229.644-9.8962.135545A9'124.54.4969.653-10.51810.41367A1097.199.5379.324-10.1622.08968A1126.928.9257.306-6.36420.67216根據(jù)速度表格中的數(shù)據(jù)繪出S的曲線如圖2-8所示，繪出的曲線圖如圖2-9所示。圖2-8S曲線圖圖2-9曲線圖2、加速度分析（1）列出加速度的方程式方向：大?。?？？在SolidWorks中任取一點(diǎn)作為加速度極點(diǎn)。從點(diǎn)出發(fā)作代表的矢量（由機(jī)構(gòu)圖上的點(diǎn)A指向點(diǎn)O，且）；再過(guò)點(diǎn)和，作代表（//BA，由點(diǎn)B指向點(diǎn)A）和代表的矢量（AB）；然后再作代表的矢量（豎直方向）（）。圖2-10加速度矢量三角形求得加速度數(shù)據(jù)如表2-3所示表2-3各點(diǎn)加速度位置anBAatBAaBAaBac2α2A0209.390171.21221.17819.8685.34164.9372A1141.678337.43365.9667611.56582.74781.5583A239.06853553.33554.7186.84416.671281.628A2'10.69672604.79605.0711383.571400.82A31.63821621.07621.07-192.11395.171438.528A470.65254493.03498.07-360.45471.881141.96A5171.9847252.18305.24-385.93151.57584.1015A6212.351521.64213.45-398.19529.5950.12276A6'209.390171.36221.22-404.36530.58165.2847A7156.0459314.83351.38-448.34527.27729.212A845.99049587.05588.85-467.03481.981359.73A91.968972680.22680.22-258.37386.351575.532A9'46.81988585.25587.1251.79391.231355.561A10210.6693451.34498.09361.26472.11045.398A11184.4991216.51284.46671.59616.8501.4824繪出aB的曲線圖如圖2-11所示。圖2-11曲線圖2.3動(dòng)態(tài)靜力分析1.活塞上的氣體壓力求解運(yùn)用公式（N）（數(shù)值查附表1可得）F—活塞的面積（cm）根據(jù)附表一表中的數(shù)據(jù)找到對(duì)應(yīng)的，所以（N）由原始數(shù)據(jù)已知連桿重量，活塞重量，上面所求得的，，然后求出作用于構(gòu)件上的慣性力=（N）（N）可以求出，活塞上所受合力的大小及方向4）已知連桿重量，上面所求的，=，即可求作用于構(gòu)件上的慣性力矩（Kg·m2）（見(jiàn)原始數(shù)據(jù)）（N·m）5）以構(gòu)件2、3為示力體，將作用在構(gòu)件2上A點(diǎn)處的反力R分解為和（方向先假設(shè)），取=0，求出。如圖2-14，用圖解法求出h1，h2取，設(shè)M逆時(shí)針為正，則圖2-14示力圖6）以構(gòu)件2、3為示力體，取利用圖解法求出和，畫(huà)受力分析圖如圖2-15，用矢量法解得，，圖2-15受力分析矢量圖7）以構(gòu)件3為示力體，對(duì)滑塊進(jìn)行受力分析如圖2-16所示。圖2-16滑塊受力分析圖8）以構(gòu)件1為示力體（構(gòu)件1的重力忽略不計(jì)），取求出，再由=0，求出對(duì)曲柄做受力分析如圖2-17，量得，又圖2-17曲柄力矩圖上述要求的數(shù)據(jù)可以通過(guò)原始數(shù)據(jù)與已經(jīng)求的數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)excel表格求得如下表格2-4所示。表格2-4動(dòng)態(tài)靜力分析各點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)位置α2ac2aBpiP'(N)下正Pi3（N)P(N)Pi2（N)Mi2（N.m）逆正A0164.9372685.34819.800-16730.6-16530.69091.24161.17467A1781.5583582.74611.56-1-567.06-12480.8-12847.97730.221289.8774A21281.628416.67186.84-1-567.06-3813.07-4180.135527.253-475.351A2'1400.82383.5711-1-567.06-224.49-591.555088.171-519.559A31438.528395.17-192.11-1-567.063920.6193553.5595242.049-533.545A41141.96471.88-360.45-1-567.067356.1366989.0766259.63-423.549A5584.1015151.57-385.93-1-567.067876.1377509.0772010.622-216.641A650.12276529.59-398.19-1-567.068126.3417759.2817025.17-18.5904A6'165.2847530.58-404.36-1-567.068252.267885.27038.30361.30353A7729.212527.27-448.34-1-567.069149.8128782.7526994.395270.4623A81359.73481.98-467.031.5850.599531.24210581.836393.609504.3194A91575.532386.35-258.3752835.35272.8678308.1675125.049584.3594A9'1355.561391.2351.7984536.48-1056.943679.5395189.783502.7731A101045.398472.1361.26158505.9-7372.671333.2346262.548-387.735A11501.4824616.8671.5943.524667.11-13705.911161.178182.037-185.998A12164.9372685.34819.814079388.4-16730.662857.769091.24161.17467A13781.5583582.74611.5614079388.4-12480.867107.567730.221289.8774A141281.628416.67186.8472.541111.85-3813.0737498.785527.253-475.351A14'1400.82383.571150.528636.53-224.4928612.045088.171-519.559A151438.528395.17-192.1132.518429.453920.61922550.075242.049-533.545A161141.96471.88-360.45158505.97356.13616062.046259.63-423.549A17584.1015151.57-385.937.54252.957876.13712329.092010.622-216.641A1850.12276529.59-398.192.51417.658126.3419743.9917025.17-18.5904A18'165.2847530.58-404.362.51417.658252.269869.917038.30361.30353A19729.212527.27-448.341567.069149.8129916.8726994.395270.4623A201359.73481.98-467.031567.069531.24210298.36393.609504.3194A211575.532386.35-258.371567.065272.8676039.9275125.049584.3594A21'1355.561391.2351.791567.06-1056.94-289.8815189.783502.7731A221045.398472.1361.261567.06-7372.67-6605.616262.548-387.735A23501.4824616.8671.591567.06-13705.9-12938.98182.037-185.998h1逆正（mm）h2逆正（mm）Rt12（N)Rn12(N)R03R12h3Mb-10.1823.4265.6171925570.651699.3125570.730.39-9.97259122.53-22.21-2858.619713.05-1667.6119919.2477.49-1543.54251.52-53.45-2102.926837.27-3879.847153.358127.83-914.414271.98-59.97-1983.891227.33-3286.642332.84578.31-182.685239.21-61.93-1649.96-5585.98-2178.75824.564122.59714.0333144.38-45.37-1098.62-12148.9-1051.2912198.4896.251174.10477.66-8.22142.5975-9547.82-486.089548.88560.98582.29139.5822.75-607.827-14971.7-1139.914984.052.8642.8543948.0513.58-929.401-15069.1-851.4315097.79.14-137.99329.8685.21-1135.85-15709.3-935.3415750.2652.91-833.346-95.88116.45216.7075-16871.3-2820.616872.793.38-1575.57-218.16124.931198.593-11054.61084.8211119.43130.7-1453.31-271.73116.282066.823-2509.841647.463251.316114.9-373.576-246.75108.374444.6431576.72712.674716.02620.9-98.5649-137.771.223018.961-4338.52-1899.615285.535143.83-760.218-10.1823.4265.61719-54113.1-5162.3954113.140.18-9.74037122.53-22.21-2858.6-60510.34882.3260577.73100.236071.706251.52-53.45-2102.92-35670.44473.0635732.33146.435232.286271.98-59.97-1983.89-287133314.4128781.47148.54274.048239.21-61.93-1649.96-25094.92263.0125149.03138.143474.087144.38-45.37-1098.62-21350.8483.721379.05100.582150.30477.66-8.22142.5975-14370.2-340.3514370.9460.3866.567539.5822.75-607.827-16977.8-1431.7916988.663.5760.6495148.0513.58-929.401-17085.5-1207.6717110.768.06-137.91329.8685.21-1135.85-16903.5-1309.4516941.652.2-884.351-95.88116.45216.7075-11845.5-668.9411847.592.75-1098.86-218.16124.931198.593-8521.03-88.018604.916128.35-1104.44-271.73116.282066.8231881.013524.492794.63100.19279.994-246.75108.374444.64310232.274161.3211155.9122.021361.243-137.771.223018.96120632.774638.8820852.4778.691640.8812.4飛輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量計(jì)算1.繪制力矩變化曲線=（）1）把=（）曲線作為=（）曲線（驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩曲線）將所得30個(gè)值，在A3圖紙上畫(huà)出去變化曲線，即=（）曲線，如圖2-18所示。圖2-18力矩變化曲線圖以的平均值作為阻抗力矩（常數(shù)）。這是因?yàn)樵谥芷谛缘乃俣炔▌?dòng)中，一個(gè)波動(dòng)周期內(nèi)的輸入功等于輸出功。即，首先，根據(jù)圖2-16用CAD直接得出圖中各個(gè)區(qū)域內(nèi)的面積，如表2-5所示。表2-5力矩各區(qū)域面積單元面積f1f2f3f4f5f6面積大小(mm2)-101.894384.3587-187.5711864.8207-120.668140.1461根據(jù)已知數(shù)據(jù)求阻抗力矩（=6.76（mm）根據(jù)求出的H值，畫(huà)=（）阻抗力矩曲線，如圖2-19所示。圖2-19阻抗力矩曲線以H為界，H以上為盈功，以下為虧功。且盈功為正，虧功為負(fù)值,用CAD求各部分面積，所得數(shù)據(jù)如表2-6。表2-6阻抗力矩曲線各區(qū)域面積區(qū)域面積f’1f’2f’3f’4f’5f’6f’7面積大小(mm2)-185.322421.4178-376.2884716.472-244.006872.552-0.5339根據(jù)上面各區(qū)域的面積，用公式，求對(duì)應(yīng)的功得：根據(jù)上面數(shù)據(jù)，求在各個(gè)位置上功的累積變化量=-5559.672+=-4917.138++=-16205.7885+++=5288.3715++++=-2031.8325+++++=144.7275++++++=128.7105所以，根據(jù)上面數(shù)據(jù)可得5288.3715（Nm）-5559.672（Nm）從而得到最大盈虧功==10848.0435（Nm）根據(jù)許用不均勻系數(shù)[]，求等效構(gòu)件上所需的等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量：已知（），從而得到=221.52（kg*m2）飛輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量：不考慮各構(gòu)件的質(zhì)量和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量 忽略不計(jì) =221.52（kg*m2）2.5發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率計(jì)算由公式，H=6.77,L=100.53，=100，=0.125，=610，解得N=57.66馬力2.6進(jìn)排氣凸