2024高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解專項(xiàng)精準(zhǔn)講練-長(zhǎng)難句分析

2024高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)精準(zhǔn)講練長(zhǎng)難句分析長(zhǎng)難句分析◎題型解讀1.長(zhǎng)難句是對(duì)考生造成閱讀困難的長(zhǎng)句、難句或即長(zhǎng)又難的句子，通常含有較多、較長(zhǎng)的修飾成分、并列成分或從句。2.理解長(zhǎng)難句的關(guān)鍵是了解長(zhǎng)難句的類型，理出修飾成分、找出并列成分，畫出從句，進(jìn)而抓住句子的主干（主謂,主謂賓,主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)，主系表）。長(zhǎng)難句分析◎長(zhǎng)難句類型如何找出主干：去掉修飾語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)，找到連詞，確定主干并列連詞：and,or,but,yet,so,notonly...butalso,both...and,either...or,not...but,neither...nor從屬連詞：which,who,what,where,when,that,why,whether,because,if,whose,how......句子主干即以下句型主謂

AcademicianYuan

Longpingdied.主謂賓Iloveyou.主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)

Theinventionallowedpeople

tovisitthebeach.主系表Sheisabeautifulgirl.分析邏輯去掉修飾語(yǔ)（保留簡(jiǎn)短必要的、不影響理解的修飾語(yǔ)）和插入語(yǔ)，找到連詞，去掉從句（可保留簡(jiǎn)短必要的、不影響理解的從句），確定主干，說(shuō)出主干的句子類型1.帶有較多修飾成分（定語(yǔ)；狀語(yǔ)；同位語(yǔ)）的簡(jiǎn)單句:

化繁為簡(jiǎn)，去修飾，留主干SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,tohelpreduceunemploymentpressures.主干:Schoolsareexpectedtohire5000collegegraduatesasshort-termteachers.

主謂+主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句分析練習(xí)（劃出主干）

Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines，thetoothpastemarketer，forinstance，mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.主干:Thetoothpastemarketermustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazines.主謂賓(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularization（通俗化）isanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.這種通俗化的最積極的一個(gè)方面就是，雇主、教育者和其他關(guān)心社會(huì)福祉提升的人對(duì)情緒的重視。他們的這種重視是新的、迫切的。主系表by,表示emphasis的執(zhí)行者2.含有多個(gè)從句的復(fù)合句：找出從屬連詞，判斷從句類型2021浙江卷B篇Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealizedthathischildren,thenagedfivetothree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay“chocolate”intohisthree-year-oldson’searwithoutgettingaresponse.主干:Film-makerDavidBondrealizedthathischildrenwereattachedtoscreens.主謂賓Film-makerDavidBondrealizedthat....+簡(jiǎn)化賓語(yǔ)從句，最終得出主干長(zhǎng)難句分析練習(xí)（劃出主干）Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.在第一部分中，我論述了數(shù)碼極簡(jiǎn)主義的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，首先探討了到底是什么樣的力量使得許多人的數(shù)碼生活越來(lái)越難以忍受，然后對(duì)數(shù)碼極簡(jiǎn)主義哲學(xué)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)討論。主謂賓【2020年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷

閱讀C篇】Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.根據(jù)大多數(shù)計(jì)算，竟走者以每小時(shí)6英里的速度運(yùn)動(dòng)每小時(shí)大約可以燃燒800卡路里，大約是步行的兩倍，盡管比跑步要少，跑步每小時(shí)大概燃燒1000或更多卡路里。主謂賓【2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.主謂賓(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzles（智力游戲）betweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills．芝加哥大學(xué)幼兒數(shù)學(xué)發(fā)展方面的專家、心理學(xué)家SusanLevine發(fā)現(xiàn)，在2歲到4歲之間玩智力游戲的孩子之后會(huì)發(fā)展出更好的空間技能。主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)3.并列句和主從復(fù)合句共存:尋連詞；定謂動(dòng)；各擊破Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.主干:Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexist.dismiss...as...認(rèn)為sth.是怎樣的而不予考慮認(rèn)為閑談不重要而不予考慮很容易，但我們不要忘記，如果沒(méi)有閑談，就不會(huì)有深入的人際關(guān)系?？吹絙ut,這里我們能夠判斷出是并列的兩個(gè)句子，找出兩個(gè)并列句子的主干，合在一起就是整個(gè)句子的主干主系表+主謂賓長(zhǎng)難句分析練習(xí)（劃出主干）2021浙江卷A篇Hewasthrilledtobedoingthecomedythathealwaysfeltheshoulddo,butevenduringhislastfewyears,healwayshadasenseofcuriosity,wonderingwhatnewroleorchallengemightbejustaroundthecorner.他很高興能出演這部他一直覺(jué)得自己應(yīng)該出演的喜劇，但即使在他生命的最后幾年里，他也總是有一種好奇心，想知道即將到來(lái)的新角色或挑戰(zhàn)?？吹絙ut,這里我們能夠判斷出是并列的兩個(gè)句子，找出兩個(gè)并列句子的主干，合在一起就是整個(gè)句子的主干主系表+主謂賓2022年全國(guó)甲卷閱讀理解B篇Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(對(duì)稱的)shapes.Tip1：并列連詞and,but,or,so可連接并列的成分或句子，如AandB的模式,應(yīng)先確定AB其中一個(gè)的結(jié)構(gòu)性質(zhì)，幫助確定另一個(gè)是詞、短語(yǔ)還是句子。圈出并列連詞，將長(zhǎng)難句一分為二，簡(jiǎn)化長(zhǎng)難句。在人類中，嬰兒從一歲左右開始就可以把一個(gè)圓形放入一個(gè)圓孔中，但他們要再過(guò)一年才能對(duì)不那么對(duì)稱的形狀做同樣的事情。主謂賓+特殊句型【2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.主干:You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearn...and...主謂賓4.含有插入語(yǔ)：忽略插入語(yǔ)，直奔主題Thelackofrightmalerolemodelsinmanyoftheirlives—athomeandparticularlyintheschoolenvironment—meansthattheirpeersaretheonlypeopletheyhavetojudgethemselvesagainst.主干:Thelackofrightmalerolemodelsmeansthat...在他們的生活中缺少正確的男性榜樣---在家里，尤其在學(xué)校里---意味著，他們只能對(duì)照同齡人來(lái)評(píng)判自己主謂賓（2023年新課標(biāo)I卷）Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.例如，一條骯臟的溪流在流過(guò)植物和有微生物居住的巖石之后，通常會(huì)變干凈。主干:Adirtystreamoftenbecameclear.主系表

TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005----whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogramwhichgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers----and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.(全國(guó)2卷)主干:TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部發(fā)現(xiàn)在2005年至2011年間，化肥的使用量下降了770萬(wàn)噸。其中在2005年的時(shí)候，政府啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)土壤測(cè)試項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目向農(nóng)民推薦具體的化肥。主謂賓(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Thesedays,safetyregulations—nottomention（更不用說(shuō)）themodernsportsfan'sdesireforagoodviewandacomfortableseat—tendtokeepstadiumcapacities(容量)slightlylower．主干:Safetyregulationstendtokeepstadiumcapacitiesslightlylower.現(xiàn)在，安全條例---跟不用說(shuō)現(xiàn)代體育迷對(duì)好視野和舒適座位的渴望---往往會(huì)稍微降低體育館的容量。主謂賓5.含有特殊句式：辯句式(倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)等)，析成分，通大意Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoplesbelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroups.主干:倒裝句：Inthelandlivedpeoples.that正常語(yǔ)序：Peoplelivedintheland.1066年以前，在我們現(xiàn)在稱為大不列顛的土地上生活著屬于兩個(gè)主要語(yǔ)言群體的民族。長(zhǎng)難句分析練習(xí)（劃出主干）It’stheseasidebirdsthatdeserveatleastpartoftheblameforgettingNickBurchillblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotelinVictoria,Canada.主干:Seasidebirdsdeserveatleastpartoftheblame.

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其它NickBurchill被加拿大維多利亞費(fèi)爾蒙皇后酒店列入黑名單，對(duì)此海鳥應(yīng)受部分責(zé)備。WereItoeatlikemyPunjabifarminggreat-grandparents,mydietwouldbebasedonthewheatandmilkproductsthatpeopleinthePunjabhavereliedonforprobablyatleastthelasttwothousandyears.Butdeliciousand“original”asitmightbeformetofollowitslead,themoralsofindustriallyfarmedmilkproductsinthe21stcenturymakethesituationmoreconfusingandcomplicated.if虛擬條件句的省略倒裝：if從句中有were，had，或should時(shí)，可以省略if，把were，had或should提到主語(yǔ)的前面。adj./n./adv.+as/though+主謂，主句

盡管......，但是......如果像我那務(wù)農(nóng)的旁遮普曾祖父母那樣吃，我的飲食就會(huì)以小麥和奶制品為基礎(chǔ)，而旁遮普人可能至少在過(guò)去兩千年里一直依賴這些食物?？偨Y(jié)對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句進(jìn)行分析，找到其主干，能夠幫助我們抓住該句子傳達(dá)的主要信息。通過(guò)對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的分析，我們可以找到句子的主語(yǔ)，弄清句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（主干中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，還是從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞），進(jìn)而判斷哪些是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，會(huì)提高語(yǔ)法填空中涉及“謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”考點(diǎn)的得分率。長(zhǎng)難句的分析，還會(huì)讓我們弄清楚句子中哪些是并列成分，需不需要填并列連詞；同時(shí)也會(huì)告訴我們哪些是從屬結(jié)構(gòu)，需不需要填從屬連詞，提高語(yǔ)法填空中涉及“連詞”考點(diǎn)的得分率。理解句意才是關(guān)鍵◎長(zhǎng)難句練習(xí)Practice①

Inthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.

Itdatesbacktoseveralthousandyearstotheuseofanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbols___________(carve)byancientChinesepeople.werecarved起初，漢字是一種象形語(yǔ)言。古代中國(guó)人在動(dòng)物骨頭和貝殼上刻符號(hào)可以追溯到幾千年前。（2024杭州一模）Huishanclayfigurines(泥人)areproducedinthewesternsuburbofWuxi,JiangsuProvince,andareoneofChina’smostfamousfolkarts,havingahistory

(stretch)backoverathousandyears.ThecraftoriginatedintheSouthernDynastiesandreacheditspeakintheQingDynasty.DuringtheQing,anartistmadefiveclayfigurinesforEmperorQianlong(1711~1799)and______

(reward)withhighpraisefromtheroyalfamily.Thelegend

(go)thatlong,longago,agod,disguisedasaboy,beatafiercelion

_________________savedthechildreninHuishan.stretchingwasrewardedgoesandInoneclubinBeijing,forexample,playersenterintoafictionalmartialartsschool41theywearcostumesandassumeroleslikeapeachfairyoradragon.Thescriptofferscharacterbackgrounds,relationshipsandpotentialstorylines.Theplotdevelopsastheplayersgoaroundthetable,talkingincharacter,takingcluesfromthescriptandthehost.Intheend,theyvoteon42theythinkthemurderermightbe.Thewhodunits(偵探小說(shuō))maybeimaginary,43theyprovideareal-worldalternativeforyoungChinesepeoplewhospendincreasingamountsoftimeontheirscreens.Thecountry’sonebillionInternetusersspendmuchoftheirtimeontheirphones,44(cause)worriesfromthepublicandthegovernmentalikea