It作形式主語和形式賓語的用法詳解

it作形式主語和形式賓語it既可作人稱代詞，用來表示動物或無生命的物體等，也可以作無人稱代詞，在句中作主語，表示“時(shí)間”、“距離”、“天氣”等。它還可以引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，使語氣得以加強(qiáng)。此外，it在句中能作引導(dǎo)詞，充當(dāng)句子中的形式上的成分，如形式主語、形式賓語等。㈠it作形式主語：it作形式主語時(shí)沒有具體的意義，而只是幫助把真正的主語移到句子后部去，使句子顯得平穩(wěn)一些。it作形式主語時(shí)，可以代替三種形式：不定式、動名詞和主語從句。1.it代替不定式短語常用于下列句型中：It+be+形容詞+（for/ofsb.）todosth.It+be+名詞+todosth.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.干…花了某人…時(shí)間It'suptosb.todosth.干…是某人的職責(zé)或義務(wù)如：①Itiseveryone'sdutytoobeythelaw.遵守法律是每個(gè)人的義務(wù)。（it作形式主語，代替不定式短語toobeythelaw）②ItisdifficultforaforeignertolearnChinese對于一個(gè)外國人來說，學(xué)習(xí)漢語是困難的。（it作形式主語，代替不定式短語tolearnChinese）③Itisnotrighttousetheseplacesasrubbishdumps把這些地方用來倒垃圾是不對的。（it作形式主語，代替不定式短語tousetheseplacesasrubbishdumps）④Ittookthemayeartobuildthebridge.建這座橋花了他們一年的時(shí)間。（it作形式主語，代替不定式短語tobuildthebridge）⑤Itisbadmannerstostareatpeople.瞪著眼睛看人是不禮貌的。（it作形式主語，代替不定式短語tostareatpeople）⑥Itisuptoustohelpthoseinneed.幫助那些有困難的人是我們的責(zé)任。（it作形式主語，代替不定式短語tohelpthoseinneed）⑦Itisnotuptoyoutotellmehowtodomyjob.我怎樣干我的工作不用你來多嘴。（it作形式主語，代替不定式短語totellmehowtodomyjob）?Itbe+形容詞+forsb.todosth.與Itbe+形容詞+ofsb.todosth.：如果句型中的形容詞描述的是sb.的品質(zhì)、品格，在邏輯上可以作sb.的表語，則sb.前應(yīng)用介詞of，否則就用for。如：①It’snecessaryforustouseashort-waveradiotopickuptheprogrammes.我們用一臺短波收音機(jī)收聽這些節(jié)目是必要的。②It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell學(xué)好英語對我們來說是重要的。③It'skindofyoutohelpme.感謝你對我的幫助。（=Youarekindtohelpme.）④Itwasfoolishofhimtogiveupthejob.他放棄那工作是愚蠢的（=Hewasfoolishtogiveupthejob.）it代替動名詞短語：動名詞作主語用后置形式的情況遠(yuǎn)不及不定式那么普遍，常限于nogood,nouse,useless,waste等詞的后面。①Itisnogood/usehavingacarifyoucan'tdrive.如果你不會開車，有車也沒用。（it作形式主語，代替動名詞短語havingacar）②ItisawasteoftimewatchingTV.看電視是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。（it作形式主語，代替動名詞短語watchingTV）③Itisnouseaskinghim.問他沒有用。 （it作形式主語，代替動名詞短語askinghim）④Itisnousetalkingtohimaboutit.和他談這事沒有用。（it作形式主語，代替動名詞短語talkingtohimaboutit）it代替主語從句：這個(gè)主語從句可以用連詞that引導(dǎo)，也可以用連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)。如：①Itwasclearthattheyhadnodesireforpeace7R清楚他們沒有和平的誠意。（it作形式主語,代替主語從句thattheyhadnodesireforpeace）②Itisdoubtfulwhethershewillbeabletocome.她能否來還很難說。（it作形式主語,代替主語從句whethershewillbeabletocome）③Itwasclearenoughwhatshemeant.她的意思是夠清楚的。（it作形式主語,代替主語從句whatshemeant）@Ithasn’tbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadistobeopenedtotraffic.還沒明確宣布新路什么時(shí)候通車。（it作形式主語，代替主語從句whenthenewroadistobeopenedtotraffic）⑤Itisamysterytomehowitallhappened.這都是怎么發(fā)生的對于我來說還是一個(gè)謎。（it作形式主語,代替主語從句howitallhappened）用it作形式主語，把真正的主語從句移至后面的常見句型有：.Itisapity/ashame/afact/anhonour/goodnews/nowonder/awonder...that...如：①Itwasapitythattheengineercouldn'tcome.可惜工程師沒能夠來。②Itisawonderthathecontinuestogamblewhenhealwaysloses!令人驚訝的是他一直輸還一直賭。③（Itis）nowonder（that）youwerelate!難怪你來晚了。④Itisashamethattherainspoiledourpicnic.真可惜，這場雨把我們的野餐給攪了。⑤ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasinternationallanguage.英語被認(rèn)為是國際語言，這是一個(gè)事實(shí)。.Itis+形容詞(如：strange/natural/surprising/obvious/true/fortunate/wonderful/funny/possible/impossible/likely/unlikely/clear/unusual/certain/important…)that…如：①Itiscertainthathewillwin.他一定會取勝。Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromeachotherandhelpeachother.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相學(xué)習(xí)，互相幫助，這是很重要的。Itwasobviousthatthechildhadbeenbadlytreated很顯然那個(gè)孩子受過虐待。Itislikelythathewillringmetonight.他今晚可能給我打電話。⑤Itisstrangethatheshouldhaveleftwithouttellingus.真奇怪，他也沒說一聲就走了。⑥Itisunlikelythattheirgroupwillgetaheadofus.他們小組不會趕到我們前頭去。.Itseems/happened/turnedout/suddenlystruckme/occurredtome…that…如：①IthappenedthatIwasn,ttherethatday.恰好那天我不在那里。②Itseemsthathisideaismorepractical.看起來他的意見更實(shí)際一些。ItsuddenlyoccurredtomethatIknewhowtosolvethatproblem.我忽然想起我知道怎樣解決那個(gè)問題。.It+be+過去分詞(如：said/reported/announced/decided/expected/hoped/known/believed...)that...如：①Itishopedthatthenumberofdeerwillgreatlyincreaseverysoon.(ft當(dāng)于：Peoplehopethatthenumberofdeerwillgreatlyincreaseverysoon)人們希望鹿的數(shù)目將會很快增加。②Itissaidthatnothinghasbeendoneaboutit.據(jù)說至今對此沒采取任何措施。Itisreportedthatmorethantwentypeoplewerekilledinthatbusaccident.據(jù)報(bào)道在那次的公共汽車事故中有二十多人喪生。Itisknownthatheisoneofthebestteachersinourschool.大家都知道他是我們學(xué)校最好的教師之一。Itisbelievedthatthefloodthereisthebiggestin100years.據(jù)認(rèn)為那兒的洪水是百年來最大的洪水。*注意要在Itissuggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed...that...的主語從句中用虛擬語氣：(should)+動詞原形如：①Itisrequestedthathegiveaperformanceattheparty.有人請求他在聚會上表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。②Itissuggestedthatweshouldgeteverythingreadybytonight議一切在今晚準(zhǔn)備好。③Itisorderedthattheradiobesentthereatonce.據(jù)命令，這臺收音機(jī)要立刻送到那里去。?Itdoesn'tmatter+連接代詞或副詞…Itdoesn'tmaketoomuchdifference +連接代詞或副詞…如：①Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherhecomesornot.他來還是不來都沒關(guān)系。②Itwon'tmakemuchdifferencewhetheryougotodayortomorrow.你今天去也好，明天去也好，關(guān)系不大。㈡it作形式賓語：it作形式賓語時(shí)，可以代替三種形式：不定式、動名詞和賓語從句。it作形式賓語時(shí)，需具備兩個(gè)條件：真正的賓語是不定式、動名詞或從句有賓語補(bǔ)足語具備了這兩個(gè)條件，形式賓語it一定要用。it代替不定式短語think/find/feel/consider/make/regard…+it+形容詞/名詞+不定式短語如：①Ifinditpleasanttoworkwithhim.（it作形式賓語，代替不定式短語toworkwithhim）我覺得和他一起工作很愉快。Theyfeltitdifficulttofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.（it作形式賓語，代替不定式短語tofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime）他們認(rèn)為在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是困難的。③Shethinksitherdutytohelpus.（it作形式賓語，代替不定式短語tohelpus）她覺得幫助我們是她的責(zé)任。④Ithinkitmyhonortobeinvitedtospeakhere.（it作形式賓語，代替不定式短語tobeinvitedtospeakhere）我覺得應(yīng)邀在這兒演講是我的榮耀。Tomdidn'tfinditdifficulttowritelettersinChinese.（it作形式賓語，代替不定式短語towritelettersinChinese）湯姆發(fā)現(xiàn)用漢語寫信不難。Allthesenoisesmadeitimpossibleformetogoonwiththework.（it作形式賓語，代替不定式短語togoonwiththework）這些噪音使我無法繼續(xù)工作。it代替動名詞短語（這只限于少數(shù)句型，在多數(shù)情況下用不定式時(shí)更多一些）如： ①Theprofessorconsidersitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.這位教授認(rèn)為閱讀而不理解沒有益處。 ②Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?你覺得再試會有好處嗎？③Hefoundituseless（nouse）arguingwithhim.他發(fā)現(xiàn)和他辯論沒有用。④Hethoughtitabsolutelysenselessattemptingtheimpossible.想做不可能的事情，他認(rèn)為是完全沒道理的。⑤Idon'tthinkitworthwhilegoingtosuchaplace.到這樣一個(gè)地方去我看是不值得的。it代替賓語從句：如：①Weallthoughtitapitythattheconferenceshouldhavebeencancelled.會議取消了我們都感到很遺憾。②Itookitforgrantedthattheywerenotcoming.我想他們準(zhǔn)是不會來的了。③I’llseetoitthateverythingisreadyintime.我負(fù)責(zé)使一切都按時(shí)準(zhǔn)備好。㈢含it的常用句型英語中有一些固定句型中含有it,應(yīng)注意這些句型的使用。1.Itbe+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)句子的主語、賓語、表語及狀語等成分。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人的詞，可以用that或who（whom）連接其他成分；被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人以外的詞，例如表示事物、時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞，用that連接其他成分。例如我們可以用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)下列句子的主語（如⑴）、賓語（如⑵）、地點(diǎn)狀語（如⑶）及時(shí)間狀語（如⑷）ImetPeterinJapanlastyear.(1)Itwas I_ who/thatmetPeterinJapanlastyear.⑵ItwasPeterwhom/thatImetinJapanlastyear.⑶ItwasinJapanthatImetPeterlastyear.⑷ItwaslastyearthatImetPeterinJapan.*not…until也可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型例1MrBrowndidn,tcomebackuntileleveno,clock.可變?yōu)椋篒twasnotuntileleveno,clockthatMrBrowncameback.例2Theraindidn,tstopuntilmidnight.可變?yōu)椋篒twasnotuntilmidnightthattherainstopped.*強(qiáng)調(diào)句也可變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧淅?Itwasin1949thatthePRCwasfounded.可變?yōu)椋篧henwasitthatthePRCwasfounded?例2Yourdadworkedinthisfactorytwoyearsago.可變?yōu)椋篧herewasitthatyourdadworkedtwoyearsago?2It5s+地點(diǎn)狀語+that… （強(qiáng)調(diào)句）It,s+地點(diǎn)名詞+whereIt,s+地點(diǎn)名詞+where…(定語從句)如:（thetown為地點(diǎn)名詞，定語從句）這是我出生的鎮(zhèn)子。②ItwasinthetownthatIwasborn.（inthetown為地點(diǎn)狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）我出生在這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子。t's+時(shí)間名詞+when…（時(shí)間狀語從句） It's+時(shí)間狀語+that…（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）如：①Itwasat8o'clockthathereturned.（at8o’clock是時(shí)間狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)句）他是在八點(diǎn)鐘回來的。②Itwas8o'clockwhenhereturned.（8o'clock是時(shí)間名詞，時(shí)間狀語從句）他回來的時(shí)候是八點(diǎn)鐘。ifitisconvenienttoyou如果你方便的話如：Ifitisconvenienttoyou,youcanstarttomorrow如果方便的話，你明天可以動身。believeitornot信不信由你如：①Believeitornot,I'llgoabroadnextmonth不管你信還是不信，我下個(gè)月要出國。②Believeritornot,wewereleftwaitingintherainfortwohours.信不信由你我們冒雨等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。It'stimethat…did/shoulddo…定語從句）如： ①ItistimethatIwentandpickedupmydaughterfromschool我該去學(xué)校接我女兒放學(xué)了。②It'shightimethatwestopped/shouldstopthispractice我們的確該停止這種做法了。Itis/hasbeen…since…did…（時(shí)間狀語從句）如：Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.我們來這里已一星期了。Itwon'tbe…before…用不了（多長時(shí)間）就會...Itwillbe...before…得過（多長時(shí)間）才...Itwasn't…before…沒過（多長時(shí)間）就……口. Itwas...before…過了（多長時(shí)間）才...①Itwillbealongtimebeforewefinishthetask.我們還需要很長時(shí)間才能完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。①Itwillbealongtimebeforewefinishthetask.我們還需要很長時(shí)間才能完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。②Itwasn'tlongbeforehelearnedtousethecomputer.不久他就學(xué)會使用計(jì)算機(jī)了。③Itwassometimebeforehetoldmeaboutthisaffair.過了一段時(shí)間之后他告訴了我這件事。④Itwon'tbelongbeforewemeetagain.不久之后我們還會再見面的。㈣易混用其他句型英語中有一些句型不含it,但卻易被誤用了it，常見的有以下句型:?Thereissomething/nothingwrong/thematterwithsb./sth.如：Thereisnothingwrong/thematterwithhim.He'sjustpretending.他沒什么事，他只是在裝呢。Thereisnodoubtabout…對…毫不懷疑Thereisnodoubtthat…對…毫不懷疑如：①Thereisnodoubtabouthissuitabilityforthejob.毫無疑問，他適合這個(gè)工作。②Thereisnodoubtaboutthefact.關(guān)于這個(gè)事實(shí)毫無懷疑。③Thereisnodoubtthatheishardtodealwith. 毫無置疑他很難對付。Thereisnoneed(forsb.)todosth.沒必要…如：①TherewasnoneedforhimtoremaininParis.他沒有必要繼續(xù)留在巴黎。②Thereisnoneedforyoutostartyet.你現(xiàn)在還不必動身。.Thereisno/apossibilitythat 沒可能/有可能(=Itisimpossible/possiblethat…)如：①Thereisapossibilitythatthetrainmaybelate.可能火車要晚點(diǎn)。②Thereisnopossibilitythatwe'llseehimthisweekend.我們本周末不可能見到他。.Thereisachancethat…可能…如：Thereisachancethatthesickchildwillgetwell.這個(gè)生病的孩子可能會好起來的。.Therebeno/somedifferencesbetween...and 和...之間沒/有區(qū)別如：Therearesomedifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages. 這兩種語言之間有些區(qū)別。.Afterwhatseemed+時(shí)間如：Afterwhatseemedaverylongtime,thewoundedsoldiercamebacktolife.在經(jīng)過似乎很長的一段時(shí)間之后，那個(gè)受傷的士兵蘇醒了過來。.Therebedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth. 干…有困難如：herewasnodifficultyinfindinghim.找到他沒費(fèi)什么事。習(xí)題演練：.isreportedthathegotsevengoldmedals.A.ThatB.WordC.ItD.News.Howlongtofinishthework?A.youwilltakeB.willyoutakeC.youwilltakeitD.willittakeyou.noneedforustodiscusstheproblemagain.Ithasalreadybeensettled.A.IthasB.TherehasC.Itis D.Thereiswasdisappointedwiththeplay.Ihadexpectedtobemuchbetter.A.that B.this C.one D.itdon,tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.itB.that C.its D.this.Doesmatterifhecan,tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.itC.heD.that.——Doyouneedmyruler?——No,thanks.I’vegotmyself.A.itB.each C.one D.theone.——Whichpersondoyoumean?——whowearsanewgoldwatch.A.Theone B.OneC.Each D.It9.ItthreeyearssinceIleftEngland.A.hasbeenB.wasC.hadbeenD.willbetwon'tbelongtheislandtoourmotherland.A.when,returnsB.before,willreturnC.since,returns D.before,returns11.Howmanyyearsisityourfamilymovedhere?A.after B.since C.before D.until12.isapitythatyouforgotbothheraddressandhertelephonenumber.A.It B.There C.This D.That13.Isawnomorethanonecopyleftinthebookshop.Willyougoandbuy?A.it B.some C.any D.one.Willyouseetothattheluggageisbroughtback?A.me B.yourself C.it D.them.ItthatshehaslostinterestinstudyingEnglish.A.seemedB.appears C.looks D.remains.happenedthatImetoneofmyfriendsyesterday.A.IB.ThatC.ItD.How.Ithinkrightthatyoudidn'ttellhimthebadnews.A.itB.itsC.youD.that.tosaywhichoneIshouldchoose.A.That'shard B.Itishard C.TherenouseD.Itnogood.surprisedmemostwasthatshehadbecomeafamoussinger.A.That B.It C.What D.This.willtakeyoualotoftimetofindhiminthecrowd.A.It B.I C.We D.They.Hefelttoworkforhumanrightsandprogress.A.ithisduty B.hisduty C.thatisaduty D.thatishisduty.PeopleinthewestmakesaruletobuyChristmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.

A.thatB.itC.thisD.ThethingA.thatB.itC.thisD.Thething.needsfurtherdiscussionwhetherwe'llbuildalibraryornot.A.We B.He C.It D.Thething24.isnogoodwithoutdoinganything.A.This,talkingB.It,totalkC.It,talkingD.That,totalk25.isnodifferencebetweenthem.A.ThereB.WhereC.ItD.What26.Wasitthattheysaw?A.sheB.thatsheC.herD.herself27.beingSunday,thelibrarywasclosed.A.ThatB.ItisC.ItD.This28.Itwaseveningwearrivedthere.A.thatB.whenC.thisD.since29.Itwasinthevillagenowisasmalltowntheearthquakeoccurred.A.where,whichB.which,whereC.which,thatD.that,where30.——Fewchildrenareasbrightasheis,andalso,heworksveryhard.——It'snothathealwaysgetsthefirstplaceinanyexamination.A.question B.doubt C.problem D.wonder答案與提示：.Cit在此句中是形式主語，真正的主語是that從句。這個(gè)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)是：itbe+過去分詞+that從句。.Dittakessb.sometimetodosth.意為“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”。It是形式主語，代替不定式短語。此句是將來時(shí)態(tài)。3.D本題用的是therebe句型。Thereisnoneedto...是這個(gè)句型的一種表達(dá)方式，意思是“沒有必要.一”。4.DIhadexpected的賓語是前面所提到的play。英語中，通常用it和one來替代前面單數(shù)名詞，可以選C或D，one所代替的是同類事物中“一個(gè)”，而it所代替的是前面提到過的同一事物，所以答案為D。5.Atomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork是動詞不定式短語作think的賓語。當(dāng)句子的賓語是動詞不定式或that從句時(shí)，我們通常用it作形式賓語，但是如果賓語不與形容詞在一起，一般不能用it作形式賓語。6.B本題是一般疑問句。matter（有關(guān)系，要緊）經(jīng)常用于否定句和疑問句，常用句型是：Doesitmatter…？Itdoesn'tmatter…。7.C不定代詞one常用來代替與前面已提到的一個(gè)事物（人或東西），以避免重復(fù)。one表示同類事物中的“任一個(gè)”，即：表示泛指，而theone則表示確指。人稱代詞it被用來代替前面提到的那個(gè)東西。不定代詞each常表示“每一個(gè)”的意思。根據(jù)題意（你要用我的尺子嗎？不，謝^謝。我自己有一支。）和結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)選C。 8.A不定代詞one和theone都可以被用來代替前面提到過的一個(gè)同類事物（人或東西），以避免重復(fù)。one表示泛指，而theone表示確指。題意為：“你指的是哪個(gè)人？”“那位戴一只新金表的。"9.AItis/hasbeen...since...did...（時(shí)間狀語從句） 意思為：自從...以來已有