2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit3Theworldofscience第1課時(shí)StartingoutUnderstandingideas課時(shí)作業(yè)含解析外研版必修第三冊(cè)

PAGEPAGE1課時(shí)作業(yè)7Startingout&Understandingideaseq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ.完形填空)Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour__1__wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexample,whilewearelookingforwardto__2__anewplaceorcountry,weimaginewhatitwillbelike.Wepredictthe__3__peoplewilleat,dressandact.Ofcourse,wedonotalwayspredictthings__4__.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewayweexpectedthemtobe.Oneofthe__5__dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientist,Kekule,whohadbeen__6__toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad__7__andanalyzedtheproblemfromeveryanglefordays,butthere__8__tobenowayoffindingouttheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhewokeup,herealizedthatheknewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis__9__.Itissaidthatinordertofigureouttheprocess,thehypnotist(催眠師)satinthechairoppositehimandspoke__10__：“Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Thinkabout__11__.Youknownothingbutmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoice,your__12__willgetheavier.Soonyou'llbeasleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand__13__mywords,butyourbodywillbeasleep.Youreyesaretooheavy.Youarealmostasleep,andwhenyouwakeupyouwill__14__nothing.Youwillforgeteverything.NowIamgoingto__15__slowlyfromonetofive.One,two,three,four,five...”本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過(guò)講解并描述德國(guó)科學(xué)家Kekule的故事，說(shuō)明白人類(lèi)思想的奇妙實(shí)力。1．A.brains B．sensesC．minds D．sights答案：C解析：依據(jù)文章首句可知，人類(lèi)思想最顯著的特點(diǎn)之一就是有想象將來(lái)的實(shí)力，據(jù)此可知，空處指“思想”，故C項(xiàng)正確。2．A.visiting B．seekingC．reaching D．discovering答案：A解析：依據(jù)該句中的“anewplaceorcountry”可以推斷，當(dāng)我們期望去參觀(visiting)某個(gè)新地方或新國(guó)家時(shí)，我們總是想象那里會(huì)是什么樣子。3．A.custom B．habitC．style D．way答案：D解析：依據(jù)“peoplewilleat,dressandact”可知，我們總會(huì)預(yù)料(這個(gè)地方的)人們的飲食、衣著和行為方式。way意為“方式”，符合語(yǔ)境，故D項(xiàng)正確。4．A.quickly B．simplyC．correctly D．neatly答案：C解析：依據(jù)空處后一句“Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewayweexpectedthemtobe.”可知，事物總是不同于我們預(yù)料的那樣，據(jù)此可以推斷，我們不是總能正確地(correctly)預(yù)料事物。5．A.funny B．dullC．famous D．silly答案：C解析：依據(jù)該句中的“dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientist,Kekule”及下文可知，該處陳述的是歷史上聞名的夢(mèng)之一是德國(guó)科學(xué)家Kekule的夢(mèng)。famous意為“聞名的”，符合語(yǔ)境，故C項(xiàng)正確。6．A.managing B．tryingC．thinking D．hoping答案：B解析：依據(jù)該句中的“Kekule,whohadbeen__6__toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics”及下文可知，Kekule始終在努力解一道物理難題。trytodosth.意為“努力做某事”，符合語(yǔ)境，故B項(xiàng)正確。7．A.studied B．learnedC．discussed D．searched答案：A解析：依據(jù)該句中的“Hehad__7__andanalyzedtheproblemfromeveryanglefordays”可知，他從多個(gè)角度探討(studied)和分析了這個(gè)難題。8．A.used B．oughtC．seemed D．had答案：C解析：依據(jù)該句中的“butthere__8__tobenowayoffindingouttheanswer”可知，似乎沒(méi)有方法弄清答案。seem意為“似乎，似乎”，符合語(yǔ)境，故C項(xiàng)正確。9．A.dream B．lessonC．research D．exercise答案：A解析：依據(jù)上文中的“hewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhewokeup,herealizedthatheknewtheanswer”可知，他在夢(mèng)(dream)中解決了這個(gè)難題。10．A.softly B．loudlyC．slowly D．firmly答案：A解析：依據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，此處是對(duì)Kekule進(jìn)行催眠，故催眠師應(yīng)是柔軟地(softly)說(shuō)著話。11．A.everything B．somethingC．nothing D．a(chǎn)nything答案：C解析：依據(jù)空前一句“Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.”及下文中的“Youknownothingbutmyvoice.”可知，空處應(yīng)指什么都不要想。故C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。12．A.eyes B．feetC．head D．body答案：A解析：依據(jù)常識(shí)可知，被催眠師催眠時(shí)，眼睛會(huì)變得沉重。故選A項(xiàng)。13．A.believe B．repeatC．take D．understand答案：D解析：依據(jù)該句中的“Youwillhearmyvoiceand__13__mywords”可知，此處指聽(tīng)到聲音并理解聽(tīng)到的話。understand“理解，明白”，符合語(yǔ)境。14．A.accept B．rememberC．hear D．receive答案：B解析：依據(jù)下文中的“Youwillforgeteverything.”可知，空處指你將什么都不記得。故B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。15．A.count B．sayC．a(chǎn)dd D．speak答案：A解析：依據(jù)“NowIamgoingto__15__slowlyfromonetofive.One,two,three,four,five”可知，此處表示數(shù)數(shù)，A項(xiàng)意為“(按依次)數(shù)數(shù)”，符合語(yǔ)境，故A項(xiàng)正確。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ.閱讀理解)AAfteryearsoftrying,ourneighborsconvincedmyparentsthaticefishingwouldbeafunwintergetawayfromourdairyfarm.Beforethat,theirideaofentertainmentinvolveddrivingaroundthecountrysidetoseehowtheneighbors'cropsweredoing.MyparentseventuallybuiltafishhouseandsetituponWoodOurhousewaslargeenoughsoallfourofuscouldfishatthesametime.Eachcornerhadasquarecutoutofthefloor.Wesatincomfort.You'dthinkicefishingwouldbecold,butwehadasmallwoodstove(木爐)inside,andweputsnowaroundthebottomofthehousetokeepthewindfromblowingunderneath.Besidesthethrillofwatchingyourbobber(釣魚(yú)浮標(biāo))dipbelowthewater,lunchwasalwaysthehighlightoftheday.Momwouldfryporkorhamburgersinapan.Thesmellofcookingmeatwastheenvyofeveryotherfishhouseintheneighborhood.Ourdayspassedwithamixofquiettimeandfamilychatter.Wetalkedaboutthefarmorschool.Andofcourse,wesharedfishingadvice.Partofthefunoficefishingwaslearningtounderstandandtrustthesoundsofthefrozenlake.Healthyice“talks”asitfreezesandshifts.Youcouldoftenhearthesoundofacracktravelingthroughtheice.Peoplewhohavenevertriedicefishingmaynotthinkitsoundsveryexciting,butitwasforus.Fishingtripswereanadventure.Wedidn'talwayscatchfish,butwealwaysbroughthomegreatmemoriesofadaywithfamilyandfriends.本文為說(shuō)明文。作者介紹了冬天的釣魚(yú)旅行給他及家人帶來(lái)的好處及樂(lè)趣。1．Whichistrueaboutentertainmentfortheauthor'sfamilybeforethefishingtrips?A．Theyenjoyedvisitingthefarmers.B．Theyhadlittlechoiceforentertainment.C．Theypreferredtotakecareoftheirfarm.D．Theylovedtodoresearchongrowingcrops.答案：B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的Beforethat,theirideaofentertainmentinvolveddrivingaroundthecountrysidetoseehowtheneighbors'cropsweredoing.(在那之前，他們的消遣理念是開(kāi)車(chē)到鄉(xiāng)村去看看鄰居的莊稼長(zhǎng)得怎么樣)可知，對(duì)作者的家人來(lái)說(shuō)，在沒(méi)有起先釣魚(yú)旅行之前，他們幾乎沒(méi)有消遣的選擇。故B選項(xiàng)正確。2．Whydidtheauthorputsnowaroundthebottomofthefishhouse?A．Toprotectthefishhouse.B．Tofollowanoldlocaltradition.C．Toblockthewindunderneath.D．Tositinacomfortableposition.答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的weputsnowaroundthebottomofthehousetokeepthewindfromblowingunderneath.(我們把雪放在房子的底部以防止風(fēng)從下面吹進(jìn)來(lái))可知，作者把雪放在釣魚(yú)小屋的底部是為了阻擋風(fēng)從下面吹進(jìn)來(lái)。故C選項(xiàng)正確。3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Theauthor'smomwasnotquiteinterestedincooking.B．Theauthor'sfamilysharedfishingadvicewitheachother.C．Theauthorconsideredthosetripsenjoyableandmeaningful.D．Theauthor'sfamilyusuallyfishedalone,farfromthecrowd.答案：C解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的Wedidn'talwayscatchfish,butwealwaysbroughthomegreatmemoriesofadaywithfamilyandfriends.(我們并不總是釣到魚(yú)，但我們回家時(shí)總是帶回與家人和摯友相處一天的美妙回憶)可推知，作者認(rèn)為這些釣魚(yú)旅行是開(kāi)心和有意義的。故C選項(xiàng)正確。BBytryingtotickle(使發(fā)癢)ratsandrecordinghowtheirnervecellsrespond,ShimpeiIshiyamaandhisadviserarediscoveringamysterythathaspuzzledthinkerssinceAristotleexpectedthathumans,giventheirthinskinanduniqueabilitytolaugh,weretheonlyticklishanimals.ItturnsoutthatAristotlewaswrong.IntheirstudypublishedonThursday,IshiyamaandhisadviserMichaelBrechtfoundthatratssqueakedandjumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies.Thesesignsofjoychangedaccordingtotheirmoods.Andforthefirsttime,theydiscoveredaspecialgroupofnervecells.Thesenervecellsmadethisfeelingsopowerfulthatitcausesaratbeingtickledtolosecontrol.Tomakesurethathehadindeedfoundaplaceinthebrainwhereticklingwasprocessed,Ishiyamathenstimulatedthatareawithelectricalcurrents.Theratsbegantojumplikerabbitsandsinglikebirds.“It'strulyground-breaking，”saidJeffreyBurgdorf,aneuroscientistatNorthwesternUniversitywhoreviewedthepaper.“Ittakesthestudyofemotiontoanewlevel.”Burgdorfhasplayedacentralroleinourunderstandingofanimaltickling.Hewaspartofateamthatfirstnoticed,inthelate1990s,thatratsmadespecialnoiseswhentheywereexperiencingsocialpleasure.Othershadalreadynotedthatratsrepeatedlymadeshortandhighsoundsduringmeals.ButthelabwhereBurgdorfworkednoticedthattheyemittedsimilarsoundswhileplaying.Andsooneday,theseniorscientistinthelabsaid，“Let'sgoandticklesomerats.”Theyquicklyfoundthatthosecriesofpleasuredoubled.“Theauthorshavebeenveryadventurous，”saidDanielO'Connor,aneuroscientistatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.Tohim,thatfindingwasverysurprising.“Whydoestheworldliterallyfeeldifferentwhenyouarestressedout？”hesaid.“Thisisthefirststeptowardsansweringthatquestion.Itgivesusawaytoapproachitwithexperimentalrigor(嚴(yán)謹(jǐn))．”本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文中科學(xué)家通過(guò)刺激老鼠來(lái)記錄它們的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的反應(yīng)，所得出的結(jié)論把對(duì)心情的探討提升到了一個(gè)全新的高度。4．Whatcontributedtohumans'beingticklishaccordingtoAristotle?A．Theirspecialskin.B．Theirsocialpleasure.C．Theirnervoussystem.D．Theirwillingnesstotouch.答案：A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“sinceAristotleexpectedthathumans,giventheirthinskinanduniqueabilitytolaugh,weretheonlyticklishanimals”可知，亞里士多德認(rèn)為人類(lèi)由于其皮膚薄，而且有獨(dú)特的笑的實(shí)力而成為唯一怕癢的動(dòng)物，故選A項(xiàng)。5．WhichofthefollowingstatementswillJeffreyBurgdorfagreewith?A．Theresearchprocessisfullofrisks.B．Thefindingofthestudyissurprisingandunbelievable.C．Thenewdiscoveryisbeneficialforthestudyofemotion.D．Thefindingofthestudyactuallycontradictsmodernscience.答案：C解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Ittakesthestudyofemotiontoanewlevel.”可知，Burgdorf認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)探討成果把對(duì)心情的探討提升到了一個(gè)全新的高度，明顯，這對(duì)心情的探討是有好處的。故選C項(xiàng)。6．Theunderlinedword“squeaked”inParagraph2maybereplacedby“________”．A．gaveasmileB．madeanoiseC．burstintotearsD．watchedwithstaringeyes答案：B解析：詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)該詞后面的“jumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies”可知，當(dāng)在老鼠的背部和腹部撓癢癢的時(shí)候，它們會(huì)興奮地跳起來(lái)，再結(jié)合第三段中的“Theratsbegantojumplikerabbitsandsinglikebirds.”可知，此處是“發(fā)出聲音”，故選B項(xiàng)。7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheLifeofRatsB．HowRatsLaughC．AWonderfulScientistD．ANewDiscoveryaboutRats答案：D解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。依據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講解并描述了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于老鼠的新發(fā)覺(jué)。故選D項(xiàng)。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Asyouknow,scienceplays__1__veryimportantroleinoureducation.Doyouwanttokeepup__2__thelatestresearchanddiscoveriesinscience?Therearemanygoodwebsites__3__youcancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld.OnegreatsiteisScienceNewsforKids.Thissitereportssciencenews__4__(cover)awiderangeofsubjects.Thearticlesareintendedforyoungerreaders,butadultswillfindthissite__5__(suit)forthemaswell.Anotherwonderfulsite,onethatIcheckouteveryday,__6__(call)ScienceDaily.Thesiteis__7__(constant)updatedwithnews,often