2022考研英語(yǔ)一真題及答案解析

1SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiology”was1aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe2tointelligenceinanimals.3plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat4consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit5sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called6ofplants’intelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.Beginningin2006,somescientistshave7thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,8“aplantnervoussystem,9tothatinanimals,”saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,“They10claimedthatplantshave‘brain-likecommandcenters’attheirroottips.”This11makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,12ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals.13,thesignalinginaplantisonly14similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity,”Taizsaid.“Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold15ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,”he16.“Sinceplantsdon’thavenervoussystems,the17thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero.”Andwhat’ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan’trunawayfrom18,soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich19athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery20evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.1.[A]coined[B]discovered[C]collected[D]issued2.[A]attributed[B]directed[C]compared[D]confined3.[A]Unless[B]When[C]Once[D]Though4.[A]copewith[B]consistedof[C]hintedat[D]extendedin5.[A]suffers[B]benefits[C]develops[D]differs6.[A]acceptance[B]evidence[C]cultivation[D]creation7.[A]doubted[B]denied[C]argued[D]requested8.[A]adapting[B]forming[C]repairing[D]testing29.[A]analogous[B]essential[C]suitable[D]sensitive10.[A]just[B]ever[D]even11.[A]restriction[B]experiment[C]perspective[D]demand12.[A]attaching[B]reducing[C]returning[D]exposing13.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise14.[A]temporarily[B]literally[C]superficially[D]imaginarily15.[A]list[B]level[C]label[D]local16.[A]recalled[B]agreed[C]questioned[D]added17.[A]chances[B]risks[C]excuses[D]assumptions18.[A]danger[B]failure[C]warning[D]control19.[A]represents[B]includes[C]reveals[D]recognizes20.[A]humble[B]poor[C]practical[D]easySectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon'tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.They“weep”outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn'talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands.“Itslikebakingacake:Ifyoudon’thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong.”shesays.“Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb.”Andsometimes,it'snottheartist'sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPicroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen“naturecarpets”—largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets—whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It'sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi’spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling.3Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi’ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals“sunscreens”becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten’s,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplasticsdesignedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationatthenovaSchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistoryStoneAge,IronAge,andsoonafterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,“andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve.…willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe'llbeseen.”21.AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin.[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems[B]obtainingdurableplasticartifacts[C]handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits[D]classifyingtheirplasticcollections22.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare.[A]immunetodecay[B]improperlyshaped[C]inherentlyflawed[D]complexinstructure23.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi'sartworksto.[A]keepthemfromhurtingvisitors[B]duplicatethemforfuturedisplay[C]havetheiringredientsanalyzed[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis.[A]costly[B]unworthy[C]unpopular[D]challenging25.InFerreira’sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts.[A]willinspirefuturescientificresearch[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance4[C]willhelpusseparatethematerialages[D]hasanimpactontoday’sculturallifeAsthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongOECDcountries.Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,butratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenerationZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.ItisunlikelythatGenerationZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgeneration,duetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonalfulfilmentanddesirefordiversity,willworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationZ’scareertrajectory.Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonaltense:‘Iamageographer.’or‘Iamaclassist.’Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;it’sasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon’tdefinetheminthesameway.26.theauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould[A]becarefulinchoosingacollege[B]bediligentateacheducationalstage[C]reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation[D]postponetheirundergraduateapplication27.ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflect.[A]Millennial'sopinionsaboutwork[B]theshrinkingvalueofadegree[C]publicdiscontentwitheducation5[D]thedesiredrouteofsocialmobility28.Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat.[A]GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegree.[B]Schoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkers.[C]Employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegrees.[D]Parentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducation.29.ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshould.[A]makeanearlydecisionontheircareer[B]attendonthejobtrainingprograms[C]teamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduates[D]furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelasttwoparagraphs?[A]Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.[B]Theywillmakequalifiededucators.[C]Degreeswillnolongerappealthem.[D]Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,fun.TheseweresomeofthewordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseriesofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoanaccompanyingpollsaid,theyhadcollaboratedwithartists,andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.Suchanencouragingresultsisnotsurprising.Scientistsareincreasinglyseekingoutvisualartiststohelpthemcommunicatetheirworktonewaudiences.“Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning.”O(jiān)nerespondentsaid.OneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthescenescamelastmonthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi’sTheFourSeasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimatepredictiondataforeachseason-providedbyMonashUniversity'sClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.TheperformancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovember'sUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.FewerartistthanscientistsrespondedtotheNaturepoll,however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areabletojointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother’swork.Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyopeneditsCenterforAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)toexploretheroleoftechnologyinculture.Thefoundersdeliberatelyfocusedtheir6projectsaroundlight-hancethe“visualstudies”inthename.Lightwasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestinandthereforecouldformthebasisofcollaboration.Asscienceandtechnologyprogressed,anddividedintomoresub-disciplines,thecentrewassimultaneouslylookingtoatimewhenleadingresearcherscouldalsobeartists,writersandpoets,andviceversa.Nature’spollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,but,tomakeacollaborationworkbothsidesneedtoinvesttimeandembracesurpriseandchallenge.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedstogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcommunication,andparticipants.Artistsandscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryandinvention,andchallengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too.31.Accordingtoparagraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave[A]caughttheattentionofcritics[B]receivedfavorableresponses[C]promotedacademicpublishing[D]sparkedheatedpublicdisputes32.ThereworkedversionofTheFourSeasonsismentionedtoshowthat[A]artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience[B]sciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotions[C]publicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfuture[D]artiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovations33.Someartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnership.[A]theirrolemaybeunderestimated[B]theirreputationmaybeimpaired[C]theircreativitymaybeinhibited[D]theirworkmaybemisguided34.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAVS?[A]Itwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientists[B]Itexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances[C]Itsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudies[D1Itsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartists35.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthatart-sciencecollaborations[Alarelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectations[B]willintensifyinterdisciplinarycompetition[C]shoulddomorethancommunicatingscience[D]arebecomingmorepopularthanbeforeThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand’sEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.Employersmustboth7showcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom“unjustifieddismissals”Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficientsafeguardsforworkersagainstarbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethedayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal.Consequently-andparadoxically-lawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthosejobsatrisk.Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers’wages.Indeed,in“AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand’sProductivityParadox”(2014),theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry'spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA'sunjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment.Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwell-being.AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified“high-incomethreshold”fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNewZealand,a206privatemembers’Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-incomeemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.36.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto.[A]punishdubiouscorporatepractices[B]improvetraditionalhiringprocedures[C]exemptemployersfromcertainduties[D]protecttherightsofordinaryworkers37.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph3thattheprovisionsmay.[A]hinderbusinessdevelopment[B]underminemanagersauthority8[C]affectthepublicimageofthefirms[D]worsenlabor-managementrelations38.WhichofthefollowingmeasureswouldtheProductivityCommissionsupport?[A]Imposingreasonablewagerestraints.[B]Enforcingemploymentprotectionlaws.[C]Limitingthepowersofbusinessowners.[D]Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.39.WhatmightbeaneffectofERA'sunjustifieddismissalprocedures?[A]Highlypaidmanagerslosetheirjobs[B]Employeessufferfromsalarycuts.[C]Societyseesariseinoverallwell-being.[D]Employersneedtohirenewstaff.40.Itcanbeinferredthatthe“high-incomethreshold”inAustralia[A]hassecuredmanagers’earnings[B]hasproducedundesiredresults[C]isbeneficialtobusinessowners[D]isdifficulttoputintopracticePartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)(41)TeriByrdIwasazooandwildlifeparkemployeeforyears.Boththewildlifeparkandzooclaimedtobeoperatingforthebenefitoftheanimalsandforconservationpurposes.Thisclaimwasfalse.Neitheroneofthemactuallyparticipatedinanycontributionswhosebottomlineismuchmoreimportantthantheconditionoftheanimals.Animalsdespisebeingcaptivesinzoos.Nomatterhowyouenhanceenclosures,theydonotallowforfreedom,anaturaldietoradequatetimefortransparencywiththeseinstitutions,andit'spasttimetoeliminatezoosfromourculture.(42)KarenR.SimeAsazoologyprofessor,IagreewithEmmaMarristhatzoodisplayscanbesadandcruel.Butsheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzoos.Thezoologyprogramatmyuniversityattractsstudentsforwhomzoovisitswerethecrucialformativeexperiencethatledthemtomajorinbiologicalsciences.Thesearemostlystudentswhohadnoopportunityaschildrentotraveltowildernessareas,wildliferefugesornationalparks.9AlthoughgoodTVshowscanhelpstirchildren'sinterestinconservation,theycannotreplacetheexcitementofazoovisitasanintense,immersiveandinteractiveexperience.Surelytheremustbesomemiddlegroundthatbalanceszoostreatmentofanimalswiththeireducationalpotential.(43)RegNewberryEmmaMarris'sarticleisaninsultandadisservicetothethousandsofpassionatewhoworktirelesslytoimprovethelivesofanimalsandprotectourplanet.Sheusesoutdatedresearchanddecades-oldexamplestounderminethenoblemissionoforganizationcommittedtoconnectingchildrentoaworldbeyondtheirown.Zoosareattheforefrontofconservationandconstantlyevolvingtoimprovehowthycareforanimalsandprotecteachspeciesinitsnaturalhabitat.Aretheretragedies?Ofcourse.ButtheyaretheexceptionnotthenormthatMsMarrisimpliesAdistressedanimalinazoowillgetasgoodorbettertreatmentthanmostofusatourlocalhospital.(44)DeanGalleaAsafellowenvironmentalistanimal-protectionadvocateandlongtimevegetarian.IcouldproperlybeinthesamecampasEmmaMarrisontheissueofzoos.ButIbelievethatwell-runzoosandtheheroicanimalsthatsuffertheircaptivitysoserveahigherpurpose.Wereitnotforopportunitiestoobservethesebeautifulwildcreaturesclosetohomemanymorepeoplewouldbedrivenbytheirfascinationtotraveltowildareastoseekoutdisturbandevenhuntthemdown.Zoosareinthatsensesimilartonaturalhistoryandarcheologymuseumsservingtosatisfyourneedforcontactwiththeselivingcreatureswhileleavingthevastmajorityundisturbedintheirnaturalenvironments(45)JohnFraserEmmaMarrisselectivelydescribesandmisrepresentsthefindingsofourresearch.Ourstudiesfocusedontheimpactofzooexperiencesonhowpeoplethinkaboutthemselvesandnatureandthedatapointsextractedfromourstudies.Zoosaretoolsforthinking.Ourresearchprovidesstrongsupportforthevalueofzoosinconnectingpeoplewithanimalsandwithnature.Zoosprovideacriticalvoiceforconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Theyaffordanopportunityforpeoplefromallbackgroundstoencounterarangeofanimalsfromdronebeestospringbokorsalmontobetterunderstandthenaturalworldwelivein.[A]Zoos,whichsparenoefforttotakeofanimals,shouldnotbesubjectedtounfaircriticism.[B]Topressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadtoinhumaneoutcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare.[C]Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplayasignificantroleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences.[D]Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributetowildlifeconservation.[E]Forwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoosofferthebestalternative.[F]Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneymakingoveranimals’wellbeing.[G]Marrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosserveasanindispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET.(10points)TheManWhoBrokeNapoleon’sCodes-MarkUrbanBetween1807and1814theIberianPeninsula(comprisingSpainandPortugal)wasthesceneofatitanicandmercilessstruggle.Ittookplaceonmanydifferentplanes:betweenNapoleon’sFrencharmyandtheangryinhabitants;betweentheBritish,everkeentoexacerbatetheemperor’sdifficulties,andthemarshalssentfromParistotrytokeepthemincheck;betweennewforcesofscienceandmeritocracyandoldonesofconservatismandbirth.(46)Itwasalso,andthisisunknowneventomanypeoplewellreadabouttheperiod,abattlebetweenthosewhomadecodesandthosewhobrokethem.IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleoniccryptographicbattleafewyearsagowhenIwasreadingSirCharlesOman’sepicHistoryofthePeninsularWar.InvolumeVhehadattachedanappendix,TheScovellCiphers.(47)ItlistedmanydocumentsincodethathadbeencapturedfromtheFrencharmyofSpain,andwhosesecretshadbeenrevealedbytheworkofoneGeorgeScovell,anofficerinBritishheadquarters.OmanratedScovell’ssignificancehighly,butatthesametime,thegeneralnatureofhisHistorymeantthat(48)hecouldnotanalyzecarefullywhatthisobscureofficermayormaynothavecontributedtothatgreatstrugglebetweennationsorindeedtellusanythingmuchaboutthemanhimself.Iwaskeentoreadmore,butwassurprisedtofindthatOman’sappendix,publishedin1914,wastheonlyconsideredthingthathadbeenwrittenaboutthissecretwar.IbecameconvincedthatthisstorywaseverybitasexcitingandsignificantasthatofEnigmaandthebreakingofGermancodesintheSecondWorldWar.Thequestionwas,coulditbetold?StudyingScovell’spapersatthePublicRecordOffice,London,IfoundthathehadleftanextensivejournalandcopiousnotesabouthisworkinthePeninsula.Whatwasmore,manyoriginalFrenchdispatcheshadbeenpreservedinthiscollection,whichIrealizedwaspriceless.(49)TheremayhavebeenmanyspiesandintelligenceofficersduringtheNapoleonicWars,butitisusuallyextremelydifficulttofindthematerialtheyactuallyprovidedorworkedon.Furthermore,Scovell’sstoryinvolvedmuchmorethanjustintelligencework.HisstatusinLordWellington’sheadquartersandtherecognitiongiventohimforhisworkwereallboundupwiththeclasspoliticsofthearmyatthetime.Histaleofself-improvementandhardworkwouldmakeafascinatingbiographyinitsownright,butrepresentssomethingmorethanthat.(50)JustasthecodebreakinghasitswiderrelevanceinthestruggleforSpain,sohisattemptstomakehiswayupthepromotionladderspeakvolumesaboutBritishsociety.ThestoryofWellingtonhimselfalsogrippedme.HalfacenturyagohiscampaignswereconsideredacentralpartoftheBritishhistoricalmythologyandspoon-fedtoschoolboys.Morerecentlythishasnotbeenthecase,whichisagreatshame.Agenerationhasgrownup.SectionⅢWritingPartAWriteanemailtoaprofessorataBritishuniversity,invitinghim/hertoorganizeateamfortheinternationalinnovationcontesttobeheldatyouruniversity.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownnameintheemail.Use“LiMing”instead.(10points)PartBWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaningand3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)1參考答案完形填空2.[C]compared3.[D]though4.[C]hintedat5.[D]differs6.[B]evidence7.[C]argued8.[B]forming9.[A]analogous11.[C]perspecti