2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit3AhealthylifeSectionⅣUsingLanguage教師用書教案新人教版選修6

PAGE1-Unit3(老師用書獨具)HIV/AIDS：AREYOUATRISK?HIVisavirus．Avirusisaverysmalllivingthingthatcausesdisease．Therearemanydifferentviruses，forexample，thefluvirusortheSARSvirus．HIVweakensaperson'simmunesystem；thatis，①thepartofthebodythatfightsdisease．YoucanhaveHIVinyourbloodforalongtime，buteventuallyHIVwilldamageyourimmunesystemsomuchthatyourbodycannolongerfightdisease．ThisstageoftheillnessiscalledAIDS．IfyoudevelopAIDS，yourchances②ofsurvivalareverysmall．人體免疫缺損病毒/艾滋?。耗闶欠衩媾R危急？HIV(人體免疫缺損病毒)是一種病毒。病毒是一種可以引發(fā)疾病的微生物。它有很多種類，如流感病毒和SARS病毒。HIV病毒損害人體的免疫系統(tǒng)，也就是說使人體抗衡疾病的免疫功能減弱。在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以長期存在，但是它最終會使你的免疫系統(tǒng)嚴(yán)峻受損，以至于你的身體再不能抗衡疾病。這種疾病到了這個階段就叫艾滋病。假如你發(fā)展成了艾滋病，生存的幾率很小。[助讀講解]①thatis也就是(說)。②chance此處指“某事發(fā)生的可能性”。HIVisspreadthroughbloodorthefluidthatthebodymakesduringsex．Forapersontobecomeinfected③，bloodorsexualfluidthatcarriesthevirus，hastogetinsidethebodythroughbrokenskinorbyinjection．OnedayscientistswillfindacureforHIV/AIDS．Untilthathappens，youneedtoprotectyourself．Herearesomethingsyoucandotomakesureyoustaysafe④．HIV是通過血液或性交時產(chǎn)生的體液傳播的。攜帶病毒的血液或體液必需通過皮膚上的創(chuàng)口或通過注射才能進入人體，使人受感染。將來總有一天，科學(xué)家會找到醫(yī)治HIV病毒和艾滋病的療法的。在找到之前，你必需愛護你自己。你可以依據(jù)這里列舉的一些留意事項去做，以確保自己平安。[助讀講解]③infectedadj．受感染的。④youcando是省略引導(dǎo)詞that的定語從句，修飾somethings；youstaysafe是makesure的賓語從句。Ifyouinjectdrugs：·donotshareyourneedlewithanyoneelse．Bloodfromanotherpersoncanstayonorintheneedle．IfapersonhasHIVandyouusethesameneedle，youcouldinjectthevirusintoyourownblood．·donotshareanythingelsethatapersonhasusedwhileinjectingdrugs．Bloodcouldhavespilt⑤onit．Ifyouhavesexwithamaleorafemale：·useacondom．Thiswillpreventsexualfluidpassing⑥fromonepersontoanother．假如你要注射藥物：·不要同別人共用注射針。別人的血液可能會留在針頭內(nèi)外。假如某人有HIV病毒，而你和他又用了同一個注射針，就有可能把別人的病毒注入到你的血液中來。·在注射藥物時，不得共用患者所用的其他任何東西，因為血液可能會濺到這些物品上來。假如你同男人或女人性交：·要運用避孕套。它可以防止性交時產(chǎn)生的體液從一個人傳給另一個人。[助讀講解]⑤could/canhavedone可能會……，可能已經(jīng)……。⑥prevent．．．(from)doingsth．制止/防止……做某事。ThefollowingstatementsareNOTtrue．·ApersoncannotgetHIVthefirsttimetheyhavesex．WRONG．IfonesexualpartnerhasHIV，theotherpartnercouldbecomeinfected．·Youcantell⑦bylookingatsomeonewhetherornottheyhaveHIV．WRONG．ManypeoplecarryingHIVlookperfectlyhealthy．ItisonlywhenthediseasehasprogressedtoAIDSthatapersonbeginstolooksick．⑧·OnlyhomosexualsgetAIDS．WRONG．AnyonewhohassexwithapersoninfectedwithHIV/AIDSrisksgettingthevirus．Womenareslightlymorelikelyto⑨becomeinfectedthanmen．下列這些說法都是錯誤的：·初次性交的人不行能染上HIV病毒。錯了。假如性交的某一方有了HIV病毒，另一方就有可能傳染上。·你會說通過視察你可以看出某人是否帶有HIV病毒。錯了。很多HIV病毒攜帶者看上去特別健康。只有當(dāng)這種病毒發(fā)展成艾滋病時，人才會顯出病態(tài)?！ぶ挥型詰僬卟诺冒滩?。錯了。任何人同感染了HIV病毒的人性交，都有染上這種病毒的危急。女性感染病毒的可能性比男性略微大一些。[助讀講解]⑦tell此處意為“推斷，辨別”。⑧此句為強調(diào)句。被強調(diào)部分為時間狀語從句onlywhen．．．。⑨belikelytodo可能做……?！fyouhug，touchorkisssomeonewithAIDSorvisitthemintheirhome，youwillgetHIV/AIDS．B10WRONG．Youcanonlygetthediseasefrombloodorsexualfluid．Unfortunately，peoplewithHIVsometimeslosetheirfriendsbecauseofprejudice．ManypeopleareafraidthattheywillgetHIV/AIDSfromthoseinfectedwithHIV/AIDS．Forthesamereason，someAIDSpatientscannotfindanyonetolookafterthemwhentheyaresick?．·YoucangetHIV/AIDSfrommosquitoes．WRONG．Thereisnoevidenceofthis．·假如你同艾滋病患者擁抱、接觸或親吻，或者去他們家做客，你就會從他們那里感染上HIV病毒或得艾滋病。錯了。你只可能通過血液或性交時的體液染上這種病。不幸的是，由于偏見，HIV病毒攜帶者有時會失去他們的摯友。很多人擔(dān)憂他們會從病毒攜帶者那兒染上HIV病毒，感染上艾滋病。由于相同的理由，有些艾滋病患者在生病時找不到任何人來照看他們。·蚊子可以傳染HIV病毒和艾滋病。錯了，目前還沒有證據(jù)證明這一點。[助讀講解]eq\o(○,\s\up3(10))Ifyouhug．．．，youwillget．．．，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。在含有條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，若主句為一般將來時，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。?不定式短語tolookafterthem作目的狀語，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。第一步速讀——了解文章主題和段落大意速讀P22教材課文，選擇最佳答案Thepassagemainlytellsusabout．A．somecommonunderstandingaboutHIV/AIDSB．whatHIV/AIDSisandthewayoftransmittingC．waystoprotectourselvesD．thedefinitionofHIV/AIDS[答案]B其次步細(xì)讀——把控文章關(guān)鍵信息細(xì)讀P22教材課文，選擇最佳答案1．WillyoubeinfectedwithAIDSbyhuggingapersonwithAIDS?A．No，bytouching．B．No，byvisiting．C．No，bykissing．D．No，bysharingneedles．2．Theword“homosexuals”inthethirdparagraphfromtheendmeans．A．peopleonlyattractedbythesamesexB．peoplewhodon'tcareaboutthemselvesC．peoplewhoareverysexyD．peoplewhooftenhavesex3．ApersonmaybeinfectedwithHIVthrough．A．blood B．sexualfluidC．injection D．a(chǎn)lloftheabove4．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat．A．HIVisthesameasAIDSB．HIVisdifferentfromAIDSC．HIVweakensaperson'simmunesystemD．youcanhaveHIVinyourbloodforquitealongtime[答案]1－4DADB第三步研讀——實力升華接軌高考依據(jù)P22教材課文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。HIVisavirusthat1．weakens(weaken)aperson'simmunesystem．YoucanhaveaHIVinyourbloodforalongtime．However，2．eventually(eventual)itwilldamageyourimmunesystemsomuch3．thatyourbodycannolongerfightdisease．Thisstageoftheillness4．iscalled(call)AIDS．So5．far，almosteveryonewhohasdevelopedAIDShasdied．HIVisspreadthroughbloodorthefluidthat/which6．carries(carry)thevirus．Thevirusgetsinsidethebodythrough7．broken(break)skinorbyinjection．8．Certainly(certain)，scientistswillfindacure9．forHIV/AIDSoneday．Butbeforethathappens，youneed10．toprotect(protect)yourself．Ⅰ．單詞拼法依據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，寫出下列單詞1．Theforeignchildisawkward(笨拙的)withhischopsticks．2．Itisclearthatthechairmanisnotsatisfiedwiththeforeigner'sprejudice(偏見)．3．It'sillegal(非法的)toreadotherpeople'sprivateletterswithoutpermission．4．Thereisusuallyanappendixatthebackofthebook．5．Thewholefamilywasgratefulfortheson'ssurvivalintheearthquake．6．Havingswallowedthosepills，thepatientfeltmuchbetter．Ⅱ．拓展詞匯依據(jù)詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞1．legaladj．合法的→illegaladj．不合法的；違法的2．survivevt．&vi．幸存；幸免于難→survivaln．幸存3．maleadj．男性的；雄性的n．男人；雄性動(植)物→femaleadj．女性的；雌性的n．女人；雌性動(植)物4．embarrassvt．使尷尬；使窘迫；使擔(dān)憂→embarrassingadj．令人擔(dān)憂的；讓人尷尬的；令人尷尬的→embarrassmentn．尷尬；尷尬→embarrassedadj．尷尬的；陷入逆境的Ⅲ．補全短語依據(jù)提示補全下列短語1．a(chǎn)trisk 境況危急；遭遇危急2．inspiteof 不顧；不管3．outofbreath 上氣不接下氣4．getinto 陷入；染上(壞習(xí)慣)5．takerisks/arisk 冒險6．makeupone'smind 下定決心Ⅳ．選詞填空選用上述短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Inspiteofthebadweather，wewentfishingyesterday．2．Iranallthewaytothetheaterandwasoutofbreath．3．IhavemanyfactstothinkaboutbeforeImakeupmymind．4．Thegirlhasgotintothehabitofplayingwithherhairwhilereading．背教材原句記句式結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫促落實1．YoucanhaveHIVinyourbloodforalongtime，buteventuallyHIVwilldamageyourimmunesystemsomuchthatyourbodycannolongerfightdisease．在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以長期存在，但是它最終會使你的免疫系統(tǒng)嚴(yán)峻受損，以至于你的身體再不能抗衡疾病。so．．．that．．．引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“如此……以至于……”Hespokesoloudlythateveryoneintheroomheardhim．他說話如此大聲以至于房間里的每個人都能聽到。2．Donotshareanythingelsethatapersonhasusedwhileinjectingdrugs．在注射藥物時，不得共用患者所用的其他任何東西。while后接分詞短語構(gòu)成省略句，省略了主語和be動詞。Peoplecanenjoythemoonwhileeatingmooncakes，whicharethespecialfoodforthisfestival．人們可以一邊吃月餅一邊賞月，月餅是這個節(jié)日的特別食品。3．ItisonlywhenthediseasehasprogressedtoAIDSthatapersonbeginstolooksick．只有當(dāng)這種病毒發(fā)展成艾滋病時，人才會顯出病態(tài)。強調(diào)句型Itis．．．that．．．Asforpresents，itisthethoughtthatcountsratherthanhowmuchitcosts．至于禮物，重要的是心愿而不是花錢多少。inspiteof不顧；不管；盡管(教材P20)Inspiteofallhiseffortshefailed．盡管他很努力還是失敗了。eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(inspiteof＋n.,despite＋n.,regardlessof＋n.))不管；不顧eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(inspiteofthefactthat...,although/though＋從句))雖然；盡管①Tobehonest，inspiteofmygoodpreparation，IfeltalittlenervouswhenIwasenteringtheexamroom．說實話，盡管我打算得很充分，但是當(dāng)我走進考場的時候還是有些驚慌。②IstudiedveryhardatEnglishinspiteofthefactthatIdidn'tpasstheexamination．＝IstudiedveryhardatEnglishalthough/thoughIdidn'tpasstheexamination．盡管那次考試我沒有及格，我依舊努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語。③Wewentoutinspiteof/despitetherain．＝Wewentoutalthough/thoughitwasraining．盡管下著雨，我們還是出去了。takerisks/takearisk冒險(教材P20)Hefelthehadtomakeuphismindoneverystepinsteadoftakingrisks．他覺得每一步他都不得不下定決心而不是冒險。(1)atrisk 處于危急之中atallrisks＝atanyrisk 無論冒什么風(fēng)險attheriskof．．． 冒……的危急take/runtheriskofdoingsth． 冒險做某事；冒做某事的危急/風(fēng)險putone'slifeatrisk 冒生命危急(2)riskdoingsth． 冒險做某事riskone'slifetodosth． 冒著生命危急做某事①Aswithalldiseases，certaingroupswillbemoreatriskthanothers．全部的疾病都是如此，一些人比另一些人更簡單受到威逼。②Ididn'twanttotake/runtheriskofleaving(leave)Johnalone．我不想冒險把約翰單獨留下。③Heworkedhard，forhecouldn'trisklosing(lose)thegoodjob．＝Heworkedhard，forhecouldn'ttake/runtheriskoflosingthegoodjob．他工作努力，因為他不想冒失去這么好的工作的風(fēng)險。④Hejumpedintotheriverattheriskoflosinghislife．他冒著生命危急跳進了河里。getinto染上(壞習(xí)慣)；陷入(教材P20)Ofcoursethebestwaytodealwiththesedrugsisnottogetintothehabitinthefirstplace!當(dāng)然應(yīng)付這些毒品最好的方法就是從一起先就不應(yīng)當(dāng)染上這種習(xí)慣！getacross 通過；被傳達；被理解getover 克服；從……中復(fù)原過來getthrough 接通；完成；通過getawaywith 干……而不受懲處getalong/onwith 進展；相處①Thismistakemaygethimintodifficulties．這一錯誤將使他陷入逆境。②Don'tattempttocheat—you'llnevergetawaywithit．別想著作弊——對作弊者會嚴(yán)懲不貸。③Asmilecanhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituationsandfindfriendsinaworldofstrangers．微笑可以幫助我們渡過難關(guān)，在生疏人中找到摯友。④Thebusinessisgettingalong/onverywell．生意進行得很不錯。judgement(＝j(luò)udgment)n．看法；判決；推斷(教材P23)Beforeyoureadthistext，whatjudgementsdidyoumakeaboutpeoplewithHIV/AIDS?在你閱讀本篇文章之前，你對感染人體免疫缺損病毒/艾滋病的人有什么評價？(1)inone'sjudgement 在……看來makeajudgement/judgementsabout/of/on．．． 對……作出推斷(2)judgen． 法官；裁判v． 斷定；推斷；審判judge．．．by 依據(jù)……對……作出推斷judgingfrom/by 依據(jù)……推斷①Inmyjudgement，weshoulddoit．在我看來，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做這件事。②Herefusedtomakeajudgementaboutthesituation．他拒肯定形勢作出推斷。③Judging(judge)fromhiswords，Icouldtellthathewashonest．依據(jù)他的話推斷，我知道他是誠懇的。[名師點津]judgingfrom/by．．．置于句首作狀語，v．-ing形式不受主語的限制，構(gòu)成獨立成分。類似的用法還有：generallyspeaking一般來說；considering．．．考慮到……。embarrassedadj．尷尬的；陷入逆境的；窘迫的(教材P24)ThensheofferedmeacigaretteandIfeltsoembarrassedandawkward．然后，她遞給我一支煙，我感到如此難為情和尷尬。(1)be/feelembarrassedtodosth． 對做某事感到尷尬be/feelembarrassedabout/atsth． 對……感到難為情/不知所措(2)embarrassvt． 使尷尬；使局促擔(dān)憂embarrassingadj． 令人尷尬的embarrassmentn． 尷尬；窘?jīng)r①Ifeltsoembarrassedaboutmymistake．我為自己的錯誤感到難為情。②Hewasembarrassedtoadmit(admit)makingamistake．他很尷尬地承認(rèn)犯了一個錯誤。③Hisspeechwasfollowedbyanembarrassing(embarrass)silence．他的講話過后是一陣令人尷尬的緘默。④Muchtohisembarrassment(embarrass)，thecaptainmadeaduckineachinnings．隊長在每一次擊球時都是零分，這讓他太尷尬了。[語境助記]Ihopedhewouldstopaskingawkwardquestionswhichreallymademeembarrassedonsuchaformaloccasion．Myfacehadalreadyturnedredwithembarrassment．在如此正式的場合，我希望他停止問這些讓我尷尬擔(dān)憂的麻煩問題。我早已經(jīng)窘迫地臉都紅了。(教材P22)YoucanhaveHIVinyourbloodforalongtime，buteventuallyHIVwilldamageyourimmunesystemsomuchthatyourbodycannolongerfightdisease．在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以長期存在，但是它最終會使你的免疫系統(tǒng)嚴(yán)峻受損，以至于你的身體再不能抗衡疾病?！疽c提煉】so．．．that．．．引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“如此……以至于……”。(1)so．．．that．．．引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的常見句型如下：①so＋adj．/adv．＋that．．．②so＋adj．＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that．．．③so＋many/much/few/little＋名詞＋that．．．(2)such．．．that．．．也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，句型如下：①such＋a/an＋adj．＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that．．．②such＋adj．＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不行數(shù)名詞＋that．．．①Hewassoworriedthatsweatbegantopourdownhisface．他很焦急，汗水沿著他的臉蛋直淌下來。②ThereweresomanycarsinthestreetthatIcouldn'tgetthrough．路上的車很多以至于我過不去。③ItissuchfineweatherthatIhavedecidedtogooutingwithmyfriends．天氣真好，我確定和摯友們?nèi)ソ加?。④Itissointerestingabookthatallthechildrenarefondofit．＝Itissuchaninterestingbookthatallthechildrenarefondofit．＝Sointerestingabookisitthatallthechildrenarefondofit．(so置于句首倒裝)這是一本特別好玩的書，以至于全部的孩子都喜愛它。(教材P22)Donotshareanythingelsethatapersonhasusedwhileinjectingdrugs．在注射藥物時，不得共用患者所用的其他任何東西?！疽c提煉】whileinjectingdrugs相當(dāng)于whileyouareinjectingdrugs，為狀語從句的省略。省略狀語從句的條件when，while，before，after，unless，asif等狀語從句中的主語與主句主語一樣或狀語從句中的主語為it狀語從句謂語中含有be動詞狀語從句的省略成分省略從句中的主語和be動詞①Inclass，we'dbettertryhardtofollowourteacherasmuchaspossiblewhile(weare)takingnotes．上課記筆記時，我們最好緊跟著老師(講課)的步驟。②Whenever(itis)possible，theywouldstophimandaskhimthethreequestions．只要有可能，他們就讓他停下問他這三個問題。[名師點津]省略句中的謂語動詞和主語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，則運用現(xiàn)在分詞；若構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，則運用過去分詞；若謂語動詞表示尚未發(fā)生，則運用不定式。③Whensurfing(surf)ontheInternet，Ifoundthenews．當(dāng)上網(wǎng)時，我發(fā)覺了這條消息。④Whenasked(ask)aboutthesecretofhissuccess，hesaidthatheowedmuc