專題07 定語(yǔ)從句（原卷版）

定語(yǔ)從句一．知識(shí)解析在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ),修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句,叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞,通常位于定語(yǔ)從句之前。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的是關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose等和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞位于先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間,它既起連接作用,又充當(dāng)從句中的一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系詞作用先行詞例句that,who,whom主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)Doyouknowthegirlwho/thathasgotan“A”intheexam?你知道考試中得“A”的那個(gè)女孩嗎?that,which主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)Shegotacomputerwhich/thatherparentsboughtforher.她有一臺(tái)電腦,這臺(tái)電腦是她父母給她買的。whose定語(yǔ)Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.這個(gè)男孩學(xué)習(xí)非常刻苦,他爸爸是位醫(yī)生。Theroomwhosewindowisopenismine.開著窗戶的那個(gè)房間是我的。when狀語(yǔ)IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.我仍然記得你動(dòng)身去北京的那一天。where狀語(yǔ)Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.這就是我媽媽工作的那個(gè)學(xué)校。why狀語(yǔ)Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你能解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎?1.關(guān)系代詞的用法一般情況下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ);which指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及介詞的賓語(yǔ);who在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ);whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)。如:Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterapatient.

先行詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)

分析:who是關(guān)系代詞,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。句意:醫(yī)生就是照顧病人的人。(1)下列情況下,先行詞指物時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用which引導(dǎo):①當(dāng)先行詞是等不定代詞時(shí)。如:Isthereanything(that)youdon’tunderstand?你有什么不懂的地方嗎?Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.湯姆把發(fā)生的所有事情告訴了他的媽媽。②當(dāng)先行詞前面有修飾時(shí)。如:ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.這是我能找到的唯一一本書。③當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)。如:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.這是我讀過的最好的書。④當(dāng)先行詞前面有等修飾時(shí)。如:IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.我想把魯迅的著作全讀完。⑤當(dāng)主句是以疑問詞which開頭的特殊疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)。如:Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?哪個(gè)是你最喜歡的旅店?(2)關(guān)系代詞的省略一般情況下,關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略,但關(guān)系代詞which,whom在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)并且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),不能省略。如:I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我加入俱樂部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),不能省略。如:Whoistheboythatistalkingwithourteacher?正在和我們老師談話的那個(gè)男孩是誰(shuí)?2.關(guān)系副詞的用法(1)when表示時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如:IstillremembertheyearwhenyougraduatedfromNo.8MiddleSchool.我依然記得你從八中畢業(yè)的那一年。(2)why表示原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),其先行詞只有表示原因的reason一詞。如:Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.我們不知道他為什么上學(xué)遲到了。(3)where表示地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如:ThatistheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.那是我三年前就讀的學(xué)校。題組訓(xùn)練一、選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空1.Theboy(who;whom;which)isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.

2.Theonlye-mail(who;that;which)Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.

3.Ihatepeople(that;which;whom)talkmuchbutdolittle.

4.Thehotel(which;that;where)westayedlastsummerisagoodone.

5.CanyouhelpmefindsomeinformationaboutEinstein(which;who;whom)Icanuseformyreport?

6.Thisisthemostamazingphoto(which;that;who)Ihaveeverseen.

隨堂練習(xí)1.(2019廈門質(zhì)檢,33)Wewillneverforgettheheroeslosttheirliveswhilefightingaforestfire.

A.when B.who C.why2.(2018廈門質(zhì)檢,33)AmazingChinaisadocumentaryshowsChina’sachievementsoverthepastfiveyears.

A.that B.who C.what3.(2019寧德質(zhì)檢,29)TheTVplayAllIsWellshowstheproblemsamongChinesefamilymemberstriggered(引起)heateddiscussion.

A.what B.which C.who4.(2018龍巖質(zhì)檢,35)The“ChineseBridge”competitionisopentocollegestudentswerenotborninChina.

A.which B./ C.who5.(2018寧德質(zhì)檢,30)“Beijing8Minutes”wasshownattheclosingceremonyofthe2018PyeongchangWinterOlympicsusedmoderntechnologytosendwelcometotheworld.

A.whose B.that C.who全國(guó)題組1.(2019河南,28)—Doyouknowtheboyoverthere?—Theoneisholdingaball?Oh,that’smyneighborPhil.

A.what B.which C.who D.不填2.(2019福建,33)DuFuguoisaheroisknowntomillionsofChinesepeople.

A.who B.which C.what3.(2019廣東,44)Notallchildrenwatchthisvideowillbecomeascientist,butsomemaybecomeinterestedinscience.

A.whom B.which C.who D.whose4.(2019內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特,6)Sittingdownafterawalkisrelaxing.Butwouldyouliketositonaseattellsyouyourweight?

A./ B.who C.whom D.that5.(2019湖北黃岡,34)—TomorrowisFather’sDay.What’syoursurpriseforyourfather?—ThefirstthingIwilldoistomakeacardforhim.

A.who B.where C.whose D.that6.(2019湖南長(zhǎng)沙,29)Chinaisgettingbetteratmakinghi-techproductscanbeboughtinallpartsoftheworld.

A.who B.which C.what7.(2019貴州貴陽(yáng),35)WangYangmingisagreateducationalistdevelopedmostofhisthoughtsinXiuwen.

A.which B.what C.who8.(2018新疆烏魯木齊,34)TheteacherIlikebestoftenencouragesmemydream.

A.who;fightfor B.that;tofightforC.which;tofightfor D.which;fightfor9.(2018吉林長(zhǎng)春,18)Jacklikesbeingwiththeclassmatesareoutgoingandkind.

A.where B.which C.when D.who10.(2018湖北黃岡,33)—Class,youshouldbethankfultothosepeoplehelpedandsupportedyou.

—Wewill,MissChen.A.which B.whom C.who D.whose11.(2017湖北黃岡,38)—HaveyouheardofHanselandGretel?—Yes.Hanselisasmartboyoftencomesupwithagoodidea.

A.who B.whomC.where D.which12.(2017河南,33)Ihatethedogsliveinthenexthouse.Theymakeloudnoisesallnight.

A.who B.that C.what D.whom13.(2017廣東,44)Accordingtoasurvey,peopleareabletospeaktwolanguagescanmanagetwothingsatthesametimemoreeasily.

A.which B.whomC.whose D.who14.(2016廣西南寧,35)Idon’tlikethepeopledon’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.

A.who B.whichC.whose D.what15.(2016河南,32)The