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文檔簡介
???????(AI)·????????
AI????????????
2024.12.
【????】
◆????
-????AI?????????????????????????????,AI??·???????????????????????????.
-????????????????·????「AI??????·??????」?????????????,???·??·??????????????·????????.
◆????
-AI?????,?????????????????????,??,?????????·????????????????????.
-????AI???????????,AI?????????AI??????????????????????,???????,?????????????
???????????????????.
◆???
-??????:??????????(?02-2100-3073,3078)
-??????????:?????(?02-2100-3045/onestoppipc@korea.kr)
※?????「??????????」??
??????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????
???????????5?(?????)??????????,??????*???????????????1?????????????
*△??????,△????????,△????????,△???????
??
Ⅰ.?? 1
口???? 1
②???? 3
③????????????????? 5
Ⅱ.AI????????????? 6
口AI???·???? 7
②????????????? 8
③?????? 8
囚????????????? 9
[??1]AI???????????? 10
[??2]?????????????? 12
[??3]AI????????? 13
Ⅲ.?????? 14
口??·???? 14
[??4]AI???????·????????? 17
②??????? 20
Ⅳ.?????? 26
口????? 26
②????? 31
Ⅴ.AI???????????? 36
[??1]AI????????????? 39
[??2]????(LLM)???????????????????? 46
[??3]AI?????????????????? 59
-1-
Ⅰ.??
1
????
1.????????????????
□????(AI)???????????????????????????AI?????????????????
○AI??????????????????????????·?????????????????????,???????????????????????????????
○AI???????????????????????????????·????????AI???????
【AI????????????】
??AI?????????????????1)
.????????????????????????·??
、AI???????????????????????????????????·?????·???????
、AI????????????????????????
.AI????????????????????
、????????????????????????→??????????????·????(?:????????)
、??????????(?:????)?????????,????、AI???????????????????(?:??,????)、???????????????·???????
1)HaopingLeeetal.,Deepfakes,Phrenology,Surveillance,andMore!ATaxonomyofAIPrivacyRisks,CHI‘24,1-9(2024).
-2-
2.???????????
□AI?????????????????AI????????,????????????????????AI?????????????????????
????????AI????‘???????’???AI?????????·?????AI????????????
3.?????
□????????????????AI??????????????????AI????????????????,????????????????????????,
○???????·???????????AI???????,?????,??????????????????
○??????????????,AI???????????????AI???????????????????
□??????AI??·????????????????????,???????????????????????,
○??·???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
□??,AI??????????????????????????????????,??,??????????·??????
【?????????】?AI??·?????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????,
-????????????????????????
????????????
-??,PbD(PrivacybyDesign)????AI????????????????
???·??????AI????????????????????????????????????????????
-3-
2
????
□(????)AI??·???????????
○(??·???2))AI????AI????????????·??·??·????????????????????????
-AI??????(feature)???????????????(parameter)??????,???????????????????????????????,
-???????????????????????????,AI??????????????AI???????????????AI?????·????????????????
??
AI???????3)
■AI????①??????????????????,②???????????????????(AI???),③??????????????(actuator)??????????
※OECD“Howartificialintelligenceworks"???
2)??AI???AI???????????????????????????????????????,????????????????.
??
LLM???????·?????
??
??????
??
CCPA,????
※(??????????????(HmbBfDI)???(’24.7.15.))LLM????????????????LLM??????????GDPR????????????????.?,LLM??????AI???????????????????????,????GDPR???????????
※(??????????????(CCPA)???(AB-1008)(‘25.1.1.??))AI????????????·???????,???????????‘????????’?‘???????????AI???’???
※(????)???????(LLM)???????????·?????????????(losslesscompressor)????????????(GrégoireDelétang,AnianRuoss,Paul-AmbroiseDuquenne,ElliotCatt,TimGenewein,ChristopherMattern,JordiGrau-Moya,LiKevinWenliang,MatthewAitchison,LaurentOrseau,etal.Languagemodelingiscompression.arXivpreprintarXiv:2309.10668v2,2024.)
3)OECD,"Howartificialintelligenceworks",
https://oecd.ai/en/inside-artificial-intelligence
-4-
○(???4))AI??·?????????????????????AI?????*???,??,???????????????,
-?????????(downstream)?????????????????????·???????????????????????
*AI???????(pretrain)???????????????????,(1)AI??????,????????(DAL)?????,(2)??????????(in-contextlearning),
(3)????(alignment),(4)??????(RAG)????????????????
○(???)AI??·????????????AI???(query)?????????????????,
-???????·???????????,?????????????????·???????????????????????
□(??????)AI??·?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
○????,????????????AI????????,???????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????
※(?)▲??AI??????→????????????????????
▲AI??????,?????????????→????,?????????
▲AI?????????????→??????????·???????
○??,??????????????????AI??????????????????????????????????
4)?????‘???’?AI??????????,??,??????,????????????????,‘???’?AI????AI???????????????????????????.
??,AI?????????????,??????????????????,??????????AI????????????????????????????????
※(?????????????????????)????????????????(‘???????’)??????????,????????????
※(EUAIACT)???(provider),???(deployer)?????
※(NISTAIRMF)AI??(design)???,??(development)???,??(deployment)????????※(ISO/IEC42001)AI???(provider),AI???(producer)?????
-5-
?‘???’???:??(harm)?????(probabilityofoccurring)???(magnitude)?????????(uncertainty)
※(NISTRMF1.0)????“????????????????????????????(compositemeasureofanevent’sprobabilityofoccurringandthemagnitudeordegreeoftheconsequencesofthecorrespondingevent)”???
※(EUAIACT)????“?????????????(combinationoftheprobabilityofanoccurrenceofharmandtheseverityofthatharm)”????
3
「???????」??????????
□??????????(法?29?)
○?????????????????????????AI??·????????????????,??????·???????AI?????????????·??????????
※(?)?????4?(??????)???????????29???????????????????????????
□????????????(法?33?)
○?????AI?????·??????????????????*,??????????????Γ?????????????」外???????????????
*???????????35???????????????·????????????????????????
○?????????????AI??·??????????????????????????????????
※???????????????????????33??????????????????????????????1????????30%?????????????????·???
(????????????????????10??2?,2023.9.15.??)
□????????
○??????????????(?????,?????)???????????????????????????
○??????????‘????(AI)???????????(’21.5.31.)’???※?????????(’23.2?)?????
-6-
?
Ⅱ.AI?????????????
□???AI???·??????????????,??????????????,????????????(??,??,???),????(???????)???
○???AI????????????????????????????,??????????????????
○???????????????·??????????????????????????????????????
□????????????????????AI??·??????·??????????????????,
○????AI???????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????·???????????
□?????????????????????AI???·????,??????(mapping),??????(measuring),????????·??(mitigation)??????4????????
○????????????????5)??????????(risk-basedapproach)?????????,
○???????AI??????????·??*????????
*NISTAIRiskManagementFramework(AIRMF1.0),ISO/IEC42001:2023?????
AI?
??·????
AI???????
??,???
????????
????????
?
?????????????
???AI???
??????·???
????????
??????
?
??????
????????,???,?????,????????
??????????·??
????????
???,???
?????????
5)[????????????(法?3?)]①?????,②????,③???,???,???,④???,⑤????,⑥????????,⑦????????
-7-
1
AI???·????
○?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
○??,AI??????????AI??·??????,??????????????????????
-???,??????????下???????????????????·???????AI???·??????????
○AI???????????AI????(life-cycle)????????????????
-????????·??????·????,??????AI?????????????????????????AI??????????????????
-????????????????????AI???,????????????AI????AI??????,?????????????
【AI??·??????】
??
??
??·??
■(??????)??·??????????AI????????,???????????????????
■(?????·???)AI??????????????????,????,????,????????????
■(????)??????????,??,??????????
※???????????????,?????????????,?????????????????,????,??????(RAG)???
?????
■(??AI)???????????????????,???,???,????????????
■(??AI)?????????????????????????????????
?????????????????
※??AI,????AI,??,???????(FDS),????AI?
??????
※AI?????????/???
??????????????
※????AI,???????,????????AI?
-8-
2
?????????????(mapping)
○???AI?????????????????????
○????????AI????????????????AI????????????????????????????????????????????????
【?????????】
??
?????
????????
??·??
■????
(???,????,DB?)
■?????????????·??
■AI????????????·??
■AI?????????????????????????????
?????
??AI
■AI???????
■????
■??,????
■?????????????·??※??AI????????
■???AI????????????????(?????????????????)
??AI
?????/??
■??,??,????
■????
■??????????????????
?????
■?????,??????
■?????????????
?????
■??,????
3
??????(measuring)
○??·????????????????6)??△????????,△????????????·??·?????????????????·?????????,△??????????,
△????????
6)??AI???????·?????????????????,????????????????????????.??,?????AI???????????????AI???????,??????????
?“Dioptra”(
/dioptra/
)-??NIST?AI????(E.O.14110)???AI????????????·??
?“CatalogueofTools&MetricsforTrustworthyAI”(
https://oecd.ai/en/catalogue/overview
)
-OECD?AI????,???,????????,???????/?????????
?“Anopen-sourceframeworkforlargelanguagemodelevaluations”(
.uk
)
-??AI?????(UKAISafetyInstitute)?????????????AI????????.????,???????????????????????????????
?“GuidetoRedTeamingMethodologyonAISafety”(
https://aisi.go.jp/assets/pdf/ai_safety_RT_v1.00_en.pdf
)
-??AI?????(JapanAISafetyInstitute)?AI???????????????????AI??????????????????
-9-
-?????????,???????????????????????????,???????????,?????·??·???????,?????????????????
4
?????????????(mitigation)
○??????·????????????????????,????????????
-?????????????????????????,??????,?????????????·??,???·???????·??????????
-????????????????????(PET)??????????????????
??
?????????
??
????
??[??]
????????????????(LLM)???????????????????????????????????????????
※(???)’???AI??????????????????‘,(????)’24.5.~‘24.10.(????)(?)??????,?????
.(????)???LLM??4????????(de-duplication),??????,??(perturbation),????(pruning)?????????????????·???????
.(????)????????????????,??·?????,??,?????????????????????
-??,???????????????????????????????????????????????,???????AI????????????????(trade-off)???????
.(?????)???????????LLM??????????????????????????????AI????????????·??????
-??,????????(GPU)·??·????????????????????→?????????????????,???????????
-10-
??1
AI????????????
??????????????AI????????????AI?????????????????????????
-????????????????,?????,????????????????(systemicrisk)????????????
□AI???????(1?‘23.11.????,2?‘24.5.??)
○??????AI??????????AI?????,???AI??????AI????????????
※(??????)????,??,??,???,???,???28??,EU,UN,??????,??,??AI??????
-????AI??·??,?????AI?????(1???),AI??·??·????(2???)???????
-??,‘??AI??????????????*’????????????????????AI?????????
*InternationalScientificReportontheSafetyofAdvancedAI(‘24.5.interimreport)
【??AI????】
?????
????????
?????????
??????
??????
????
■????????????*,?????????,?????,????????
*????,??????????????·???????
■???????????,???(????????????),?????
■???????,???AI??,?????????????,???????,???????????*,?????
*?????????,????????????????????????
-???????(??,???)?????????,???????????
-??????????·????????????????,??????
■????????????,????????????*
*????????????????????
-11-
□G7????????
○G7????(’23.5.)??AI????????????????????????‘????AI????’?????
※(???)??,??,??,??,???,????,???,EU
-???(??)?G7?????????????????(‘23.9.)G7????????????????AI?????????
【????????】
???????AI?????
???AI???
???,??????
??????
????
①???????,②???????,③???????,
④?????????,⑤?????,⑥???????
①????????,②????????,③????,
④?????,⑤???????
※(?????)?????????????,???????
-AI???????????????????*??(’23.10.)
*AI????????,???.?????,????????????????????,?????????????11?????
□ML???(MLCommons)AI??????
○???????ML???*????????(LLM)???????????????‘AILuminate’**???
*(ML???)AI??????,???,????????????????,????,??????????????(‘23?~),??,??,NVIDIA,????,???,????AI????????
**(AILuminate)12?????????24,000??????????????LLM????????????????????(’24.12?V.1.0??)
-AI???????????AI?????(hazardcategories)?12???????,?????????????
①?????
②?????(CBRNE)
③?????
④?????
⑤????
⑥????
⑦??
⑧?????
⑨?????
⑩?????
??????
?????
-12-
??2
??????????????
?????????????????????????????·?????????????????
□???????(context-specificapproach)
○??AI????????????????????????·???????????·????????
※??AI??????????????????????
□???(coherent)
○??,???????????????AI??????????????????????????
□???(proportional),???(granular)
○??????????????????????????????????????
□??????(principle-basedapproach)
○???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
□?????(measurable),?????(commensurable)
○???????????AI??·?????????????????????????????????
□????????(stakeholderparticipation)
○??AI?????????????????,???????????????????????????
□?????(interoperability)
○??????????,???,????????????????????????????
-13-
??3
AI?????????
□?????????(NIST),AIRMF1.0(2023)
○4??(????,??,??,??)?????AI?????????
??
I.
????(Govern)
II.??(Map)
III.
??
(Measure)
IV.
??
(Manage)
????
①???AI??????·??·????·??·?????,?????,?????
②?????·?????AI??????·??·?????·?????????????????????
③???????AI??????·??·??????????·??·??·??????????
④?????AI????????????????????????
⑤??AI?????????????????
⑥?3??????,???,?????????????AI???/?????????·????
①??(context)???·??
②AI?????????
③AI???,??????,??,????·??????????(benchmark)???????
④?3??????,?????????AI???????????·?????
⑤??·??·????·??·????????????
①?????????????·??
②AI??????????
③???AI?????????????????????
④??????????????·??
①??·???????????????????AI??????????????·??
②??AI????????????AI?????????????????????????·??·??·???
③?3????????AI?????????
④??·???AI????????·??·?????????????????,??????
□ISO/IEC42001:2023-????-AI-?????
○AI?????????????????
?????
????????
??????
??????
????
■?????????,??????????????,AI???????????,AI?????
■??????,AI??,??·??·??
■???????????????(AI?????,AI?????,AI???????),AI????????????????,?????
■???,??,??,??,??????
■???????,AI?????,AI?????,AI???????
■????/??/??/??,????,????
■?????,?????????
-14-
Ⅲ.??????
1
??·????
口??
□AI?????·?????AI????????????,?????????????????,???AI????????????,???????????????,
○PbD(PrivacybyDesign)*???????AI????????????????????????????
*PrivacybyDesign:??·???????????????????????????????????????????·????????????
【??·??????????????】
??
????
?????
(??)??????(?:????,?????)(???)??????
(??????)????,?????(RNN),??????(????????)????????????????
?????
(??)??????????????(?:?????,????,??????)(???)?????????(?:??????,???????)
(??????)??????,??????,???????
(????????)?????????????·??????????·??
?????
(??)?????????????(?:??,??,?????)(???)?????????,??????????
(??????)????????,?????????????(????????)?????????????????????
??????
(??)???????????(?:???,???,?????)(???)??????(?:????,????,??????)(??????)????????BERT,GPT???
(????????)???????,???????????????
????????
(??)???????????????(?:????,?????)(???)???,?????,??????
(??????)CNN,R-CNN,??????????(????????)????????,????
□AI???AI????????????,???????????????????,??,???????????????AI?????????7)
-15-
○??????AI??·???????????????????,??????,?3??????,???????????????????????????
□?????????????????,??????·????????????(aggregation)????????????????????
○??,AI???????AI??????????????????????,??·???????,????(??????*?)????????????·???
*RAG(Retrieval-AugmentedGeneration):?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
○???AI?????????????·????????????AI???????????????????????
○??,????????????????????????????????????????AI??·???????????????????????
□??,AI??????????????????????????AI????????,API8)?????AI??????
○?????????????,??外??,???????????????????????????????????????????
7)??AI???????????(self-supervisedlearning)?????????????????????, ????(fine-tuning),???????(domainadaptivelearning;DAL)?????????????? ????????.???????AI??????????????,?????,???????????.?????(supervisedlearning):AI???????????????????,AI???????????????????(unsupervisedlearning):AI?????????????????????,??????????
???????·??????????
???????(self-supervisedlearning):AI?????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????
?????(reinforcementlearning):AI????????????????????‘??’??‘??’????????AI??????????????
8)OpenSource:????????(AI?????????)???????????????????,??,??????????????(??,?????????????????????).????,???,??????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????,???????????????????.
API(ApplicationProgrammingInterface):???????????????????????????.????????????,API??????????????????????.???????,API??????????????????,???????(?????),?????????????.
-16-
@?????
a?????????????·??
○???????????????????????????AI?????·????????????·????????
-????????·????????(法?15?,?17?,?18??)???????????????,?????,??????,????????,??????????????????
○AI??????▲????????????,▲既???????AI?????????????,▲??·???????????????????????,▲?????3??????????????????·??????
-??,AI????????,??,????????AI???????,?????????
※(?)▲??????(LLM)????????????→??????????????????????????,▲LLM?????→?????????????????????????????????
○AI??·????????????????????????·?????????????????,????????????????????????
※(1)AI??????,????????(DAL)?????,(2)?????????????????(in-contextlearning),(3)????(alignment),(4)??????(RAG)??????????????AI????????????????????????
-??,??????????????????????,??????,??????,????·??????,?14???????????????????????(法?22??2,?23?,?24?,?24??2,?34??2?)
※?????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????
(△????????,△?????????·???????????????‘????????????????(URL)’??????????)
-17-
??4
AI???????·?????????
??????AI??????????????,???????AI??????·??????????????????
□????????????????
○???????????????????????????,??AI????????????????????????????????????????????????????
-???????????????????????,???????·???????,???,????????????????
○(????)AI??????????????????????(法?15??1??6?)??????????????
※??????「AI??·??????????????????」(’24.7.)??
-‘?????’?????????△??????,△??????,△??????????????????
(?6?)???????????????????????????????????????????????.??????????????????????????????????????????????.
??
????
??????
??????
???????
.????????????????
-?????????????????AI???·?????????????????
※(?)??????,????,?????·??·????????LLM?
.?????????·??????????·????????
※(?)??????AI????????·??????????????
.??????????????????????????
-‘???’???????(i)?????????????????????(ii)????????????·??????????????????????
-18-
□???????
○????????????????????(ID,????),??????(?????????????),???????????????????????????????????????
-??AI???????AI??????,??AI?????????????????????????
○(????)?????????????????????????????????????????????????
-??????????????????????????????AI??·????·????????????
??
????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????AI???????????????(FDS)?????????
-?????????????*?????????????,?????(?§15③)????????????
*?:??AI????????,??????????????????????
??
???????????????????????????AS
??????????????????????AI??????????????????????????????
-????????????????????AI??????????????(?§28?2)??????(?§15①(1))???
??
???????????????AI?????????????
MRI,CT,X-Ray??,????????????????????
◆??????????????AI?????????????????????????????????,??????
-19-
@????????????·??
○??????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????*????·?????????
*(??)??????????????????????????????,?????????·????????????????????
(??)?????????????????????????????
○??????????????????????????????????????????????·??????
圓AI?????????????
○AI??????·??????????????????????AI???API??????????,??????????????????????????????,
-???,???????????(法?26?)??????????(法?28??8)???????????????????
??AI?????????????????????????????
?SKT???????????????????????????MS??????????(AzureOpenAI???*??)??,??????????Googlecloudplatform??????????????????????
*MS?Azure????????????????????????API???OpenAI?AI????????????????
※(??)?3???????????(???2017.7.4.??2016?13263??中)
?(?3???)?????????·?????????????????????????????????????????(法?17???)
?(????)?????????·????????????????????????????????????(法?26???)
-????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????·?????????????????????
-20-
田AI?????????????????
○AI??????*???????AI??????????(?????)???????????????????????
*▲AI???????????????????,▲???????????(?:MS?AzureOpenAIservice)▲????,API???????????????AI??????·?????????
-AI?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
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