專題02 保護生物多樣性 促進可持續(xù)發(fā)展-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語閱讀理解時文爆點專題訓練（原卷版）

專題02保護生物多樣性促進可持續(xù)發(fā)展備戰(zhàn)2022-2023年中考英語閱讀理解時文爆點專題訓練A（2022·廣東深圳·校考三模）TheInternationalDayforBiologicalDiversity（生物多樣性日）iscelebratedonMay22.Itsaimistoremindpeopletogetalongwiththenature.Thedaywasfirstcreatedin1993bytheUNanditwasonDecember29th.In2000,theUNchangedittoMay22.ThiswaspartlyinmemoryoftheUNconvention（公約）onMay22,1992.ButitwasalsohardformanycountriestoorganizeeventsonDecember29,becausetherearealreadymanyholidaysinthattimeoftheyear.Everyyear,thecelebrationsofthedayareorganizedonadifferenttopic.Thetopicin2022is“Buildingasharedfutureforalllife”.Themessagebehindisthatbiodiversityiswhatwecandependontobuildabrightfuture.Itisalsotheanswertoseveraldevelopmentchallenges.Biologicaldiversityarenecessaryforourdailylife.Forexample,fishprovide20%ofanimalproteintoabout3billionpeople.Over80%ofthehumandietisprovidedbyplants.Asmanyas70%ofpeoplefromcountrysideindevelopingcountriesdependontraditionalplant-basedmedicinesforbasichealthcare.Whilepeoplestarttoknowthatbiologicaldiversityisvaluable,thenumberofspecies（物種）isdroppingbecauseofhumanactivities.ThatiswhytheUNdecidedtocelebratethedayeveryyear.1．Whatdoes“it”meaninParagraph2?A．TheUN. B．Thebuilding. C．Thedate. D．Theaim.2．Whatcanwelearnfromthetopicof2022?A．Wecanbuildabrightfutureforalllifebysharing.B．Wecanusedifferentanimalstomakeourfuturebright.C．Ifwehavedifficultydeveloping,wemayturntobiodiversity.D．Iftherearefeweranimalsorplants,wewillhaveabrightfuture.3．Howmuchofthehumandietisprovidedbyplants?A．20%. B．70%. C．80%. D．100%.4．Whatisthemainideaofthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Thehistoryoftheday. B．Thecelebrationsoftheday.C．Thecausesofthedeathofanimals. D．Theimportanceofbiologicaldiversity.5．Wherecanwefindthearticle?A．Anaturemagazine. B．Astorybook. C．Aguidebook. D．Acomicbook.B（2022·福建三明·統(tǒng)考模擬預測）BiodiversityConservation(生物多樣性保護)inChinaChinahasalwayspaidhighattentiontobiodiversityconservation.Andyearsofeffortshavepaidoff.★ProtectedareasProtectedareasystemSincethefirstnaturereserve(保護區(qū))wassetupin1956,Chinahasdevelopedcloseto10,000protectedareas.That’sabout18%ofChina’stotallandarea.★PopulationsofsomeendangeredanimalsinChinaAnimalPictureNumber(past)Number(now）Crestedibis(朱鹮)only7(1981)about4,400Hainangibbon(海南長臂猿)lessthan10in2groups(1980)between30and40in5groupsAsianelephant(inthewild)lessthan200(1980s)about300Giantpanda(inthewild)1,114(fortyyearsago)1,864★Theeco-environment6．WhendidChinadevelopitsfirstnaturereserve?A．In1956. B．In1980. C．In1981. D．In2021.7．HowmanywildAsianelephantsliveinChinainthe1980s?A．Only7. B．Lessthan10. C．Lessthan200. D．About1,114.8．Whichanimalhasthebiggestnumberofallnow?A．Crestedibis. B．Hainangibbon. C．Asianelephant. D．Giantpanda.9．ThelastpartshowsChinahasseenresultsfromitseffortsin_________.A．protectingwildanimals B．controllingairpollutionC．developingprotectedareas D．recordingweatherconditions10．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Totellpeoplehowtoprotecttheearth.B．Tointroducebiodiversityconservation.C．Tocallforactiononpopulationanddevelopment.D．ToshareChina’sachievementsinbiodiversityconservation.C（2022·廣東湛江·校聯(lián)考二模）TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina.Forofyears,alotofpeoplehavemadetheirlivingalongtheriver.Manyofthemarefishermen.However,sinceJanuary1,2020,Chinahasbeguna10-yearban(禁令)onfishinginconservationareas(保護區(qū))alongtheYangtzeRiver.AndfromJanuary1,2021,fishingisnotallowedinallnaturalwaterwaysoflargelakesconnectedtotheYangtzesuchastheDongtingLakeandPoyangLakefor10years.TheYangtzeRiverusedtohavehighbiodiversity(生物多樣性).However,humanactivitiessuchasoverfishingandpollutionhavemadefishfewerandfewerintheriver.Inrecentyears,thenumberoffishcaughteveryyearfromtheYangtzehasfallengreatlyfrommorethan420,000tonsinthe1950stolessthan100,000tons.Fishfromtheriverusedtotakeup60%ofthecountry’stotalfishproduction.Butnowthenumberislessthan0.2%.Sothefishingbanisakeymovetoprotecttheriver’sbiodiversity.Thefishingbanwillaffect(影響)about280,000fishermenalongtheriver.Thegovernmenthastakenactiontohelpthosefishermen.Forexample,itprovidesthemwithmoneyandjobtrainingsothattheycanfindnewwaysofliving.YangZhiming,afishermaninHunanProvince,nowmanagesbusinessatalocalmarket.Yangboughtaplaceatthemarketwith20,000yuanfromthelocalgovernmentyearsago.“Now,the10-yearfishingbanhasstarted.Myfamilydon’thavetoworrytoomuchbecausewecandosomebusinessatthemarket,”hesaid.“TheDongtingLakeishometousfishermen.Westopfishingtoprotectourhome.”11．Toknowwhatthefishingbanis,youcanread________.A．Paragraph2 B．Paragraph3 C．Paragraph4 D．Paragraph512．ThewriterexplainedtheproblemoftheYangtzeRiverinParagraph3by________.A．tellingastory B．listingexperts’opinionsC．comparingnumbers D．describingapersonalexperience13．Becauseofthefishingban,________.A．about20,000fishermenareaffectedB．fewpeoplewilllivealongtheYangtzeRiverC．thegovernmenthastakenactiontohelpthefishermenD．fishingalongtheYangtzeRiverisnoallowedforthenext20years14．WhatdoYangZhimingandhisfamilythinkofthefishingban?A．Theysupportit. B．Theythinkit’sunfair.C．Theythinkit’stoostrict. D．Theydon’tcareaboutit.15．Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwefindthepassage?A．Health. B．Education. C．Science. D．Environment.D（2022·廣東惠州·惠州一中?？级＃㏕oday,robotscanbefoundjustabouteverywhere.Sometimestheysimplymakeourliveseasier,suchasrobotcleanersinhotelsorrobotwaitersinrestaurants.Moreimportantly,wedependonrobotstodothingsthatareeitherunsafeorthatwephysicallycannotdo.Infact,twoofthemostimportantplaceswhererobotsarehelpingpeopleareinouroceansandspace.Oceanscover71percentofourplanet,butwe’veonlyexploredabout5percentofit!Becauseoftheoceans’unpleasantenvironment,it’sdifficultforhumanstostudyitslargeparts,sorobotsareavaluabletool.OneofthefirstunderwaterrobotswasAlvin,whichplunged（下降）toadepthof10.7metersinMay1964.Alvincarriedthreepeoplewhooperateroboticarmstocollectsealivesanddirtsothatscientistscouldstudythem.Sincethen,advancementsintechnologyhavemadeourunderwaterexplorationsevengreater.Atthesametime,inspace,robotsarehelpingusexploreourneighboringplanets.Lastyear,Chang’e5lunarrover（探測器）collectedrocksfromthemoon’ssurfaceandbroughtthembacktoearth.Robotsinspacehaveamuchlongerhistorythanthat.Likemanytechnologicaladvancements,it’seasytoforgetjusthowgreataninfluencerobotics（機器人技術）hashadonourlives.However,withoutrobots,weneverwouldhavediscoveredthewondersinourskiesorlearnedabouttherichbiodiversity（生物多樣性）lyingjustunderourfeet.16．Theexamplesthewritershowsatthebeginningofthearticletellus______.A．theimportanceofrobots B．robotsareinterestingC．robotsarenotwidelyused D．wedependonrobotstoomuch17．Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2isabout______.A．robots B．ourplanet C．oceans D．thespace18．Accordingtothepassage,Alvinmayhelppeopleto______.A．dropdown10.7metersdeep B．operateroboticarmsC．studythingscollectedfromthesea D．collectlivesanddirtinthesea19．Theword“advancements”inthethirdparagraphmeans______.A．progress B．situation C．danger D．instructions20．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．TheFutureOceans B．ThePowerfulRobotsC．TheProgressofHumans D．TheRiseofPersonalRobotsE（2022·云南紅河·統(tǒng)考一模）Humanssharetheearthwithdifferentkindsofwildlife.Humans,plantsandanimalsareconnectedanddependoneachother.Theyareallimportantpartsoftherichbiodiversity(生物多樣性)oftheearth.However,manykindsofplantsoranimalsarebecomingendangeredoverthepastyearsbecauseofclimate(氣候)changeandhumanactivities.Humansareoneofthemainreasonsforthis.AccordingtoareportbytheUnitedNationsin2019,theworld’spopulationhasdoubled(from3.7to7.6billion)inthepast50years.Humanshaveusedmorethanonethirdoftheworld’slandand75percentoffreshwater.Besides,somehumanactivitieslikecuttingdownforestsandpollutingriversalsodoharmtotheenvironment.Asaresult,therearefewerhabitats(棲息地)andnaturalresources(資源)availableforanimals,aswellasmorepollution.Todealwiththeproblem,manycountrieshavetakenaction.Asoneofthecountrieswiththerichestbiodiversityintheworld,Chinahastakenanactivepartinbiodiversityprotection.TheChinesegovernmenthasdevelopedlawstoprotectwildlifeandsetupabiodiversitymonitoring(監(jiān)測)network.Ithasalsobuiltnaturereserves(保護區(qū))withnationalparks.FromJanuary1,2019,thefirstlocallawaboutbiodiversityprotectionwasdevelopedinYunnanprovince.YunnanliesinthemountainsareaofSouthwestChinaanditistheareawiththerichestbiodiversityinChinaanditisalsothemostsuccessfulareainChina’sbiodiversityprotection.Forthisreason,in2021,COP15washeldinKunmingandwasagreatsuccess.BiodiversityprotectionrequireseffortsfromthewholeworldandChinaisnowplayingaleadingroleinprotectingbiodiversity,hopingtobuildagreenhomeforbothhumansandnature.21．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1aboutthebiodiversityoftheearth?A．Humansliveontheearthandowntheearth.B．Thereisnoconnectionbetweenhumans,plantsandanimals.C．Humans,plantsandanimalsareallimportantpartsofbiodiversity.D．Thebiodiversityoftheearthismainlyinfluencedbyclimatechange.22．Whatcausedthefewerhabitatsandnaturalresourcesforanimals?A．Climatechange. B．Shortforfreshwater.C．Environmentpollution. D．Doubledpopulationandhumanactivities.23．WhatdidChinesegovernmentdotoprotectthebiodiversityoftheearthEXCEPT?A．Developlaws. B．Setupmonitoringnetwork.C．Buildnaturereserves. D．Plantreesandsavefreshwater.24．WhywasYunnanchosentoholdCOP15?A．BecauseitliesinthemountainsareaofsouthwestChina.B．Becauseitdevelopedthefirstlocallawaboutbiodiversityprotection.C．BecauseithastherichestbiodiversityinChinaanddoeswellinbiodiversityprotection.D．Becauseithasbuiltnaturereserveswithnationalpark.25．What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．Chinaisworkingontheprotectionofbiodiversity.B．Helpsavetheendangeredanimals.C．China’snaturereserveswithnationalparks.D．Humanactivitiesdoharmtothebiodiversityoftheearth.F（2022·江蘇常州·?？家荒＃￤etlands—lakes,rivers,marshesandcoasts,canmaintainbiodiversity(保護生物多樣性),controlfloodsandremovepollutants.Theyarealsohelpfultoriceandfishproduction,transportationandsoon.Theyareimportantandnecessaryfeedingandbreedinggroundsformigratorybirds.Theyarethemostthreatenedecosystem(受到威脅的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)).WorldWetlandsDaycamefromtheConventiononWetlands(濕地公約)signedinIran,ChinajoinedtheconventiononJuly31,1992.Bytheendof2019,ourcountryhad57wetlandnaturereserveslistedasmajorwetlandsforprotectionundertheconvention,coveringatotalofnearly7millionhectares.______________________,asChinahaswetlandswith65.9millionhectares,10percentoftheworld’swetlandareas,whichcomesfourthintheworld.ChinaalsohassomeofAsia’smostimportantwetlands,suchasPoyangLakeandAsia’slongestriver,YangtzeRiver.However,aWWFresearchshowedChina’swetlandswereseriouslythreatenedbydegradationbecauseofpollution,climatechangeandover-exploitation.Soourgovernmenthasbeentakingactionstoreturnfarmlandtowetlandandremovesomefishfarms.Itwasreportedthe57keyChinesewetlandsincreasedby2,479hectaresfrom2018to2019.LiYan,anofficialfromtheNationalForestryandGrasslandAdministration,saidatanewsconference,“TheareaofwetlandsinChinahasbecomelargeroverthepastfiveyears,growingby202,600hectaresandmakingagreatcontributiontowaterqualityandenvironmentalprotection.Between2016and2020,Chinacreated201nationalwetlandparks.Chinahad899nationalwetlandparksbytheendof2020,andnearlyhalfofthecountry’swetlandsareprotectedbysomelevelofgovernment.”Chinaiscarryingthroughontheconventionforacontinuousdevelopmentandwillmakecontinuingeffortstoperfectthelawsonwetlandprotection.Severalmajorprojectsonwetlandprotectionwillbecarriedoutinsomemajorareas,suchasYangtzeRiverandtheBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeiprovincecluster.26．Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitablefortheblank(空格)inParagraph2?A．WorldWetlandsDayiswell-known B．WetlandsinChinaareseriouslythreatenedC．Chinadoesn’thavelargeareasofwetlands D．ProtectionofwetlandsinChinaisveryimportant27．Theunderlinedword“degradation”inParagraph3probablymeans________.A．theprocessofsomethingbeingmadebetterB．theprocessofsomethingbeingmadeworseC．thesituationinwhichsomebodyhaswonalltherespectD．thesituationinwhichsomebodyhaslostalltherespect28．ThewriterlistssomenumbersinParagraph4inorderto________.A．introducehowlargeChina’swetlandsareB．explainhowimportantChina’swetlandsareC．provehowmuchdangerChina’swetlandsarefacingatpresentD．showtheachievementsonwetlandprotectionChinahasreached29．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WetlandsinChinaareFamous B．ChinaMakesLawsonWetlandProtectionC．China’sWetlandsareinDanger D．ChinaMakesProgressonWetlandProtectionG（2022·廣東陽江·統(tǒng)考二模）TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina.Forthousandsofyears,alotofpeoplehavemadetheirlivingalongtheriver.Manyofthemarefishermen.However,since1stJanuary2020,Chinahasbeguna10-yearban(禁令)onfishinginconservationareas(保護區(qū))alongtheChangjiangRiver.Andfrom1stJanuary2021,fishingisnotallowedinallnaturalwaterwaysoflargelakesconnectedtotheChangjiangsuchastheDongtingLakeandPoyangLakefortenyears.TheChangjiangRiverusedtohavehighbiodiversity(生物多樣性).However,humanactivitiessuchasoverfishingandpollutionhavemadefishfewerandfewerintheriver.Inrecentyears,thenumberoffishcaughteveryyearfromtheChangjianghasfallengreatly:frommorethan420,000tonsinthe1950stoles