專(zhuān)題03 閱讀理解（第二期）-2022中考英語(yǔ)逆襲沖刺 好題特快專(zhuān)遞（浙江專(zhuān)用）

2022中考英語(yǔ)逆襲沖刺好題特快專(zhuān)遞（浙江專(zhuān)用）第二期專(zhuān)題03閱讀理解（2022·浙江杭州·一模）Thewebsthatspidersbuildtocatchinsectsseemweak.However,thestrengthofspiderthreadisgreaterthansteel(鋼鐵).Webscanevenstanduptoverystrongstorms.Ineachspiderweb,somethreadsaresticky,butsomearenot.Whenaspiderismovingontheweb,itwillnotsteponthestickythreads.Afteratimethesilkwillloseitsstickinessandbecomeunabletocatchinsects.Then,spidersusuallyeattheirownweb.Nowateamofscientistshasworkedoutwhythespiderwebissostrong.Itisnotjustthestrengthofthethread,butthecleverdesignoftheweb.“Thekeytoaweb’ssuccessisitsabilitytokeepitsshapeandstrengthevenaftersomeofthethreadsbreak,”saidscientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工學(xué)院).Thescientistsfoundthethreaditselfhastheabilitytobecomesofterorharder.Soitcanholddifferenttypesofheavythings.Intests,scientistsusedthreeotherstrongmaterialsmadeintothesamewebs.Thespiderthreadwassixtimesstrongerthananyothermaterial.Moresurprisingly,whenthescientiststookawayupto10percentofthethreadsfromdifferentplaces,thewebdidn’tbecomeanyweaker.Actually,itbecameupto10percentstronger.Thespiderweb’scleverdesigngivesscientistsmanynewideas.Thefindingscouldhelpdesignsaferbuildingsandevenanewtypeofstrongmaterial.“It’sareallygoodchance,”saidMarkusBuehler,aprofessoratMIT.”Itmaygiveussomenewideasforengineering.”1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“silk”inParagraph2referto?A．Thread. B．Spider. C．Web. D．Design.2．Accordingtothepassage,thespiderwebisstrongbecause________.a.thespider’sthreadisstickyb.thethreadhasalotofstrengthc.thewebhasacleverdesignd.thewebcankeepthestrengthforeverA．a(chǎn)b B．a(chǎn)c C．bc D．bd3．Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthat________.A．peoplecanusespiderwebstobuildhousesB．thefindingsgivepeoplenewideasforbuildingsC．therearemanyreasonswhythespiderwebissostrongD．ProfessorBuehlerwillmakeanewtypeofmaterial4．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．AstudyinMIT. B．Howspiderscatchinsects.C．Thestrongestwebintheworld. D．Thesecretofspiderwebs.（2022·浙江杭州·一模）Harryiswritingasummaryandfeedback(反饋)aboutSchoolDaytohisteacher.Summary:SchoolDaywasheldsuccessfullyonApril7th.Forty-fourstudenthelpersfromGrade9weredividedintofourgroupsofeleven.Eachgrouphadatasktoraisemoneyforthedisabled.Group1Group2Group3Group4Handmadekites(Leader:Jack)Chinesepaintings(Leader:Tina)Second-handtoys(Leader:Lisa)Homemadedrinks(Leader:Ben)AllofthegroupsperformedwellonSchoolDayandreceivedpraisefromallstudentsfromotherclasses.Inshort,ourSchoolDaywentwellandweraisedmorethan500yuan.Feedback:Opinionsfrom200studentshavebeencollected.Moststudentsthoughttheactivitiesweregood.However,somestudentsthoughtthepricesofhandmadekiteswerealittletoohigh.Follow-up:Haveameetingwiththeheadmasteraboutprizesforexcellentstudentorganizers.5．WhatwassoldinJack’sgroup?A．Second-handtoys. B．Chinesepaintings. C．Handmadekites. D．Homemadedrinks.6．Howmanystudentslikethehomemadedrinksaccordingtothefeedback?A．42. B．140. C．150. D．200.7．Thetextiswrittento________.A．giveareporttotheteacher B．haveaSchoolDayC．collectopinionsfromvisitors D．holdameetingwithteachers（2022·浙江寧波·一模）COVID-19isastronglycontagious(接觸性傳染的)coronavirus(冠狀病毒)thatcancausemanyillnesseslikearunnynose,asorethroat,coughsandfever,evenitcanleadtodeath.Weknowithaskeptchangingsofar.We’regrowingwhatcouldbethemostcontagiouscoronavirusyetatasafelabinToronto,Canada,tostudywhatdangerOmicronactuallybrings.ScientistsknowOmicronhasmoremutations(突變)tothevirusesthanAlphaandDelta,butitwilltakeverylongtimetofindoutwhatallthosemutationsmean.Wecan’tjustlookatoneandsayoh,becauseofthemutationat501weknowthisisgoingtohappen,becauseithappenedwithAlphaorwithDelta.Sothat’swhywehavetolookatitinthewholething,whichiswhywehavetodoalltheworkinhighlysafelabs.ResearchersarealsostudyingthegrowingnumberofpeopletestingpositiveforOmicrontoanswerthreeveryimportantquestions:Whetherisiteasiertomakepeoplesick?Doesitleadtomoreseriousillness?Isiteasiertobreakthroughourimmune(免疫)system,especiallyinvaccinated(接種疫苗的)people?Weneedtoseemanykindsofcases,weneedtocompareittopatientswhohavetheothervirusessuchasAlphaandDeltatogetsomeideas.Thatwilltakealotoftime.AccordingtothelatestdatafromSouthAfrica,hospitalsreportedthattheysawarapidlygrowingnumberofmostlyunvaccinatedpatientsinfectedbyOmicron.ItsuggestedOmicronismorecontagious,butitledtolessseriousillnesscomparedtoAlphaandDelta.Thenewsmadesomepeoplefromallovertheworldfilledwithbothhopeanddoubt.Ikeepmyownopinion,becausewe’veseensomenewsaboutmutations,butitisn’tthefact.Fornow,Deltaisstilldrivingthenumbers,since2021,alargenumberofpeoplehavediedfromCOVID-19,mostofthemareunvaccinated.8．COVID-19cancausealotofillnesses,suchas__________.A．a(chǎn)runnynose,anosebleedandcoughsB．a(chǎn)runnynose,asorethroat,coughsandfeverC．a(chǎn)runnynose,asorethroatandanosebleedanddeathD．a(chǎn)runnynose,asorethroat,astomachacheandfever9．Researchersaretryingtoanswerthreeimportantquestionsto__________.A．helppeoplegetvaccinated B．getsomeusefulideasC．compareallkindsofcoronavirus D．encouragepeopletogetvaccinated10．Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A．Anewspaper. B．Adiary.C．Astorybook. D．Anoticeboard.11．Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat__________.A．Omicronisn’tasdangerousasAlphaandDeltaB．scientistsfoundthemostdangerouscoronavirusC．wewon’tdiefromCOVID-19ifwegetvaccinatedD．othernewcoronavirusmayappearinthefuture（2022·浙江浙江·二模）XueGailian,65,hascreatedmanyworkswithgourds(葫蘆)usingpyrography(烙畫(huà))inShanxiProvinceoverthepasttwentyyears.Shehasalsohelpedhervillagersmakemoneywiththeartform.Twentyyearsago,likemostvillagersofWucunvillageinShanxi’sWenshuicounty,Xue’sfamilymadealivingbygrowinggrapes.Buttheymadeonlyalittlemoneybecauseofthelocalweatherandplantingenvironment.“Oneday,myhusbandbroughtbackagood-lookinggourdwhenhereturnedfromoutsidethecounty,”shesaid.“Ilikeditverymuchandwantedtokeepit.SoImadeapaintingonit.”Xuehasbeeninterestedinpaintingsinceshewasyoung.Afterlearninganddoingsomeresearches,shestartedtoplantgourdsonherfarm.Afteragoodharvest(收獲),shebegantotrypyrography.Thearthasbeenpracticedsinceancienttimes.“Atthebeginning,Ifounditwasnotveryeasyformetomakegoodpaintings,”shesaid.Toimprovemyskills,ItraveledtoShandongProvinceandTianjintolearnfromskilledartists.”Daybyday,Xue’sartbecamewell-knowninChineseandforeignmarkets,includingJapanandSingapore.Shealsosetupagourdpyrographysocietyandhastaughtmorethan100localpeopleforfree.“Inthefuture,Iwillintroducemoremodernplantingtechnologytoimprovethescientificplantingofgourds,”shesaid.“Iwillalsofurtherresearchandteachgourdpyrographyskillstohelpvillagersimprovetheirlives.”Sheadded:“IhopewecanshowmorepeoplethebeautyofChinesetraditionalartsandworksthroughgourdpyrography.”12．XueGailian’sfamilymadealivingby________twentyyearsago.A．plantinggourds B．creatingartworksC．growinggrapes D．teachingvillagers13．Whichofthefollowingistherightorderaccordingtothepassage?a.XueGailianstartedtogrowgourdsonherfarm.b.XueGailiantaughtlocalpeoplegourdpyrographyforfree.c.XueGailianpaintedonagourdthathishusbandbroughtback.d.XueGailianfounditdifficulttolearngourdpyrographyskills.A．a(chǎn)→d→c→b B．c→a→d→b C．a(chǎn)→c→b→d D．c→b→a→d14．WhichcanbestdescribeXueGailianaccordingtothepassage?A．Creativeandhelpful. B．Braveandloving.C．Politebutstrict. D．Hardworkingbutshy.15．Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.A．SkillsinGourdsPlantingB．GourdsonFarmsC．ResearchesintoGourdsD．PicturesonGourds（2022·浙江杭州·一模）?Doallteenagersgetpocketmoney?Mostteenagersreceivepocketmoneyeveryweek.Butnoteveryonegetsthesameamountofmoney.Haveyouaskedyourfriendshowmuchtheyget?Youmightbesurprised.Andifyou’reagirlyou’llbeamazedtolearnthatboysoftengetmorethangirlsofthesameage!?Sowhathappensindifferentcountries?Teenagersuptotheageofabout15intheUKhaveabout￡5aweekinpocketmoney.ButinItaly,FranceandSpain,thesameagegroupgetsabout€9,whichisabitmore.IntheUS,pocketmoneyiscalled“anallowance”.Mostteenagersgetaweeklyallowanceofabout$30,whichismorethan￡20or€25.?Doteenshavetoworkfortheirpocketmoney?Quitealotofteenagersdo.Theyhavetodothingsinthehouse,likewashing-upandcleaningandthentheygettheirpocketmoney.Iftheydon’tdothejobs,theydon’tgetthemoney.Someteenagershavepart-timejobstoo,whichmeanstheyhavemorethantheirpocketmoneytospendeachweek.?Whatdoteenagersspendtheirmoneyon?Youmightbesurprisedattheanswer.TeenagersintheUKspendmoreoftheirmoneyonfoodthanonclothes.Isthattrueforyoutoo?Teensdomoreshoppingonlinethanbeforeandonlineclothesshoppingischeaper.Soperhapsthisisonereasontheydon’tspendsomuchonclothes.?Doparentstellteenswhattospendpocketmoneyon?Someparentsdo!Theyonlyletthembuysomethings.Otherparentswanttheirteenstosavealltheirpocketmoneyandspenditonsomethingbiginthefuture,ornotspenditatall.16．Inwhichofthefollowingcountriesdoteenagersgetthemostpocketmoney?A．TheUSA． B．TheUK. C．Italy. D．France.17．Howcansometeenagersgetmorepocketmoneyaccordingtothetext?A．Bysellingcheaperclothes. B．Bytakingpart-timejobs.C．Byaskingparentsformore. D．Bybuyingthingsonline.18．Whatdoweknowaboutpocketmoneyfromthetext?A．PocketmoneyiscalledanallowanceinItaly,FranceandSpain.B．Childrenofthesameagegetthesameamountofpocketmoney.C．TeenagersintheUKspendlessmoneyonclothesthanonfood.D．Teenagersareadvisedtogivetheirpocketmoneytotheirparents.19．Inwhichpartofamagazinemaythetextbefound?A．Health. B．Sports. C．Science. D．Lifestyle.（2022·浙江杭州·一模）Inamodernworldwheretimeismoney,howhaveourreadinghabitsbeeninfluenced?Arewereadingmorequicklyordoweprefertoreadshortpassages?Theanswerperhapsliesinthekindoftextyou’rereading.Whenwe’rereadingonline,wereadquicklytosearchwhatwewant.Doesthismeanthatasreaderswenowhavefarlesspatiencethanweusedto?Notnecessarily.Muchofthisactivityisactuallyskimmingorscanningtocheckwhethersomethingisusefulorinterestingandwhetherwewanttoreadon.We’llslowdownandtakeabitlongertoproperlyreadthetextiftheheadlinecatchesoureyes.Forthosewritingforanonlineenvironment,thismeansfindingmoreusefulwaysofcatchingthereaders’eyes.Forexample,puttingthekeyinformationattheverybeginningmakesitmorelikelythatthetime-poorwebsitevisitorswillfindwhattheywant.Butwhataboutwhenwe’rereadingliterature(文學(xué)),aretherulesstillthesame?Theaveragereaderworkstheirwaythroughapieceofanarticleatnomorethanabout250-300wordsperminute,whichisgenerallyapageoftext.Ifyoutrytoreadthroughanovelmorequickly,thenyoustarttolosealotofwhatmakesliteraturesuchapleasure.Whenwereadforpleasure,wearemuchlessfocusedonpickingoutusefulinformationorkeywords.Instead,thelanguageitselfisasimportantastheinformationmentioned.Thelongeryouspendreadingapassage,themorevivid(生動(dòng))apictureyoucreateinyourmind.Sometimesanescape(逃離)fromthefast-movingInternetAgeisjustwhatweneed,somaybeit’stimetoslowdownandloseyourselfinagoodbook.20．Whydopeoplereadquicklyonlineaccordingtothetext?A．Becausepeoplearebecominglesspatientthantheyusedto.B．BecausepeoplethinkthepassagesontheInternetareboring.C．Becausetheyneedtosavetimeforprintingwhattheywant.D．Becausepeoplewanttodecidewhethertoreadonquickly.21．HowdoesthewriterorganizeParagraph3?A．Bygivinganexample. B．Byaskingquestions. C．Bylistingnumbers. D．Byshowingfacts.22．Whatwouldthewritermostprobablyliketodo?A．Drawsomepicturesonthebook. B．Enjoyhimselfwhilereadingslowly.C．Writeanarticleof250-300words. D．Readthroughanovelveryquickly.23．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthetext?(P=Paragraph)A． B．C． D．（2022·浙江杭州·一模）Onemorning,DadtoldmeIcoulddrivehimintoavillage,about18milesaway,ifItookthecartobeserviced(保養(yǎng)).Ihadjustlearnedtodriveandhardlyhadthechancetousethecarasa16-year-oldboy.Iagreedhappily.IdroveDadintothevillageandmadesuretopickhimupat4p.m.ThenIdrovetoanearbygarage(修理廠)anddroppedoffthecar.BecauseitwasstillearlyandIdecidedtowatchmoviesatatheatrenearthegarage.But,whenthelastmoviefinished,Iwastwohourslate.IwasafraidandthoughtDadcouldneverletmedriveagain.SowhenIdroveuptheplacewherewehadplannedtomeetandsawdadwaitingpatientlyonthecorner.ItoldhimthatIhadcomeasquicklyasIcould,butthecarneededsomespecialrepairs.“I’mterriblysorrythatyouhavetolietome,Jason.”“Whatdoyoumean.Dad?I’mtellingthetruth.”“Icalledthegaragetoaskiftherewereanyproblems,andtheytoldmethatyouhadnotyetpickedupthecar.SoIknowtherewerenoproblemswiththecar.I’mangrynotwithyoubutwithmyself.Yousee.I’vefailedasafather,soI’mgoingtowalkhomenowandthinkcarefullyaboutwhereIhavegonewrongalltheseyears.”“Butit’sdark,andit’s18milestowalkhome.”Ipleaded(請(qǐng)求)alltheway,tellinghimhowsorryIwas.Butnothinghelped.Ihadtodrivebehindhimfor18miles.24．WhatdidJason’sfatherallowhimtodothatmorning?A．Torepairthecar. B．Togoforatrip. C．Tovisitthevillage. D．Todrivethecar.25．WhendidJasoncomeoutofthetheater?A．Atabout2:00p.m. B．Atabout4:00p.m. C．Atabout6:00p.m. D．Atabout8:00p.m.26．HowdidJasonfeelwhendrivingbehindhisfather?A．Glad. B．Afraid. C．Sorry. D．Angry.27．Whatisthecorrectorderofthefollowing?①Jason’sfatherwaitedpatiently.

②Jasonsentthecartothegarage.③Jasonwenttothetheater.

④Jason’sfathercalledthegarage.A．②①③④ B．②③④① C．③②①④ D．④③②①（2022·浙江·溫州外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校二模）Likeallmammals,wehumansareonlyabletoseelightinthevisiblespectrum,whichincludeallofthecolorsoftherainbow.Thisisbecausethephotoreceptorsinoureyesareonlyabletonoticelightwithawavelengthofaround400to700nanometers.Thatmeanswecan’tseeinfraredornear-infraredlight,whichhasawavelengthalittlebitlonger.Andthatgotscientiststhinking.“We’realwayscuriousaboutifwecanuseanymethodtoallowustobeabletoseenear-infraredorinfraredlight,”saidTianXueoftheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina.HereachedouttohisworkmateGangHanattheUniversityofMassachusettsMedicalSchool,whoengineeredareallysmallobjecthenamed“up-conversionnanoparticle”.Thenanoparticlecanbeactivatedbyinfraredlight.Thentheytestedtheirsysteminmice’seyes.Thenanoparticlesfixthemselvestophotoreceptorsintheanimal’sretina.There,theytakeininfraredlightandchangeittovisiblegreenlight.Thisgreenlightisthentakeninbytheretinaandisanalyzedbythebrainasregularvisiblelight.Theimprovedsuper-sightallowstheanimalstonotonlyseeininfrared,butalsotorecognizedifferentinfraredpatterns.Theycanusethepatternstoguidetheirbehaviorsverycorrectlyandeffectively.Hansaystheimprovednanoparticlesystemdidnotappeartoaffecttheanimal’soriginalvisualabilities.“Thetreatedmicewereabletoseethelightpatternsinthedaylightconditions,clearlysuggestingthatnanoparticlesworkatthesametimeasusualvisiblesight.”Thetechnology,inadditiontoitspossibleuseinlawormilitary,mightevenbeacureforcolorblindness.“Andbestofall,”Xuenotes,“___________,becausethenanoparticlecanbedirectlyactivatedbytheinfraredlightitself,anditwillremainactiveforaslongastwomonthsbeforeitisreplaced.”Asimilarinfraredimprovementcouldsomedayallowushumanstobreakthroughournaturalvisuallimitationsandseethingsinawholenewlight.28．Thevisiblespectrumincludeslightwithawavelengthof_________nanometers.A．100 B．300 C．600 D．90029．Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectorderofhowthenanoparticlesystemworks?a.Theretinatakesingreenlight.b.Thebrainanalvzesthegreenlight.c.Thenanoparticlessticktotheretina.d.Thenanoparticlestakeininfraredlight.e.TheInfraredlightisturnedintogreenlight.A．c-d-e-a-b B．c-d-e-b-a C．d-c-e-a-b D．d-c-e-b-a30．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin_________?A．itdoesn’tneedotherkindsofenergysources B．itworksforseveralyearsonceputintheeyesC．itdoesn’taffecthuman’sabilitiestoseethings D．humaneyesworkinasimilarwayasthemice’s31．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Thelightinthevisiblespectrumcanactivatethenanoparticle.B．Thenanoparticleshavebeenwidelyappliedinlawandmilitary.C．Thenanoparticlesystemmayallowhumanstoseeinfraredlight.D．Theblindwillseethingsclearlywiththehelpofthetechnology.（2022·浙江金華·一模）XuXiakewasoneofakindinChinesehistory.Fourcenturiesago,Xuspentaboutthirtyyearsontheroad.HesetfootonmorethanhalfofChina’sland.XuwasborninarichfamilyinJiangyin,Jiangsu.Hismotherwaswelleducated.Sheencouragedhersontoreaddifferentkindsofbooks.Butattheageof15,Xufailedtheimperialexaminations（科舉考試）,whichwereseenasakeytogettingajobinthegovernment.Xuwasdisappointed.Hewasn’tsureifheshouldfollowinhisfather’sfootstepsandbeafarmer.“Athomeyou’relikeafenced-inchicken.Youcouldn’tlearnorexperienceanythingnew.”Xu’smothertoldhim.“Gotravelandshowmepaintingsofthesightsyousee.”ThenXustartedhisjourney.HewenttoeveryprovinceinChina.HevisitedmanybusycitiessuchasNanjingandenjoyedthebeautyofHuangshaninAnhui,WestLakeinHangzhou,WuyishaninFujian,etc.Duringhisjourney,Xuwasswindled（詐騙）morethanonce.Heoftenwentthewrongwayorgotlost.Heoncetradedapoemforabasketofmushrooms（蘑菇）becausehedidn’thavemoneyforfood.Heevenchangedhisclothesforfood.Xuwroteallhisexperiencesinhistraveldiary.His600,000-wordXuXiakeyoujiwaspublishedin1776.Hewasnotonlyatravelerandagreatwriter,butalsoascientistsomewayaheadofhistime.32．WhatcanwelearnaboutXu’smother?A．Shehadneverbeentoschool. B．Sheworkedforthegovernment.C．Shethoughtreadingwasuseless. D．SheencouragedXutotravelaround.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“afenced-inchicken”mean?A．Someonewhoisweakandsmall.B．Someonewhoiskeptinasmallplace.C．Someonewholivesinacoldandwetplace.D．Someonewhowalksaroundwithoutanypurpose.34．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeXu’sjourney?A．Uselessbutrelaxing. B．Boringanddangerous.C．Difficultbutinteresting. D．Commonandmeaningless.35．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．XuXiakeandhisjourney.B．TheplaceswhereXuXiakehadbeen.C．TheearlylifeofXuXiakeandhisfamily.D．XuXiake’sgreatwork-XuXiakeyouji.（2022·浙江嘉興·一模）InIndia,therearemanyironingvendors(熨燙商販)whopresspeople’sclothesforaliving.Theirmaintoolisanironboxpoweredbycharcoal(木炭).India’sScienceandTechnologyDepartmentfoundoutthatthereareabout10millionironingcarts(手推車(chē))inthecountry.Eachofthemusesmorethan5kilogramsofcharcoaleachday,Reutersreported.Afterseeingherneighborhoodironingvendorsthrowtheusedcharcoalawayonthestreetside,VinishaUmashankar,15,toldNPRthatshestartedtothinkabouttheamountofcharcoalburnedeverydayandtheharmitdoestotheenvironment.Burningcharcoalgivesoutgreenhousegasessuchascarbondioxide,whichleadstoclimatechange.Vinisha,astudentfromTamilNadu,India,hadtheideaof________.Shespentsixmonthsdesigningawheeledcart.Thecarthassolarpanels(太陽(yáng)能板)whichtakeinsunlighttoprovideelectricity.Therestenergycanbestoredinabatteryforuseoncloudydays,accordingtoTimeMagazine.Fivehoursofbrightsunshineisenoughtooperatetheironforsixhours.Tocompletetheinvention,Vinishalostherselfinreadingcollege-levelphysicstextbookstofigureouthowsolarpanelswork.Then,shereportedherideatotheNationalInnovationFoundation,runbytheIndiangovernment.Engineerstherehelpedherbuildafull-scaleworkingmodel,NPRreported.Now,herinventionisgettingworldwideattention.“IamnotjustagirlfromIndia.IamagirlfromEarth,”Vinishasaidinherspeech.“Allofusshouldunderstandthatenvironmentalproblemsarerealandcan’tbefixedatalaterdate,”Vinishacontinued,“Thereisnoimmediatestop.Therearenomagicways.”36．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A．theburningofcharcoal B．theamountofcharcoalC．throwingthecharcoalaway D．pressingpeople’sclothes37．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttofillintheblank________inParagraph3?A．offeringtheironingvendorsbettertrainingB．designingawheeledcartwiththesolarpanelC．findingoutwaystomakefulluseofcharcoalD．helpingtheironingvendorsmakemoremoney38．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeVinisha?A．Braveandsmart. B．Helpfulandcreative.C．Carefulandloving. D．Quietandhard-working.39．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastsentenceofthepassage?A．Thereisnoendtotheenvironmentalproblems.B．Theenvironmentalproblemsmaybesolvedbymagicalways.C．Peoplethinktheenvironmentalproblemsarethebiggestenemies.D．Weshouldtakeactiontodowiththeenvironmentalproblemsrightaway.40．What’sthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A．Toexplainhowtoprotecttheenvironment.B．TotellthestoryofanIndiangirlandherwaytosuccess.C．Tointroduceagreeninventionusedtostopairpollution.D．Todescribeanenvironmentalproblemcausedbycharcoal.參考答案：1．A2．C3．B4．D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了蜘蛛網(wǎng)的一系列科學(xué)原理以及人類(lèi)對(duì)此的研究和應(yīng)用。1．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Ineachspiderweb,somethreadsaresticky,butsomearenot.Whenaspiderismovingontheweb,itwillnotsteponthestickythreads.”可知，本段介紹了蜘蛛網(wǎng)上的線的一些特性，蜘蛛網(wǎng)上的線有些是黏性的，有些不是。此處是指一段時(shí)間后，蜘蛛網(wǎng)上的線就會(huì)失去黏性，故此處“silk”指代上文的“threads”，意為“線”。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itisnotjustthestrengthofthethread,butthecleverdesignoftheweb.”可知，蜘蛛網(wǎng)很結(jié)實(shí)的原因在于兩點(diǎn)：蜘蛛絲有力量和網(wǎng)的巧妙設(shè)計(jì)。故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀最后一段可知，本段主要講蜘蛛網(wǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)讓科學(xué)家有新點(diǎn)子能造出安全的建筑，甚至是一種更為結(jié)實(shí)的材料。選項(xiàng)B“這些發(fā)現(xiàn)給人們提供了建筑的新思路”符合。故選B。4．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了蜘蛛網(wǎng)的一系列科學(xué)原理以及人類(lèi)對(duì)此的研究和應(yīng)用。D選項(xiàng)“蜘蛛網(wǎng)的秘密”符合。故選D。5．C6．B7．A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是Harry寫(xiě)給老師的關(guān)于校園日活動(dòng)的總結(jié)和反饋。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Handmadekites(Leader:Jack)”可知Jack的小組是賣(mài)手工風(fēng)箏。故選C。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)圖表顯示“Homemadedrinks”對(duì)應(yīng)的“percentage”數(shù)值為70，根據(jù)“Opinionsfrom200studentshavebeencollected.”學(xué)生總數(shù)為200，則喜歡手工飲料的學(xué)生數(shù)量為70%×200=140。故選B。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Harryiswritingasummaryandfeedback(反饋)aboutSchoolDaytohisteacher.”可知本文是寫(xiě)給老師的報(bào)告。故選A。8．B9．B10．A11．D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹科學(xué)家對(duì)新型冠狀病毒變體Alpha、Delta和Omicron的研究和發(fā)現(xiàn)。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“COVID-19isastronglycontagious(接觸性傳染的)coronavirus(冠狀病毒)thatcancausemanyillnesseslikearunnynose,asorethroat,coughsandfever,evenitcanleadtodeath.”可知，新型冠狀病毒可引發(fā)流涕、喉嚨痛、咳嗽、發(fā)燒，甚至死亡。故選B。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Weneedtoseemanykindsofcases,weneedtocompareittopatientswhohavetheothervirusessuchasAlphaandDeltatogetsomeideas.”可知，研究人員研究Alpha、Delta和Omicron的病例是為了獲取一些有用的想法。故選B。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹科學(xué)家對(duì)新型冠狀病毒變體Alpha、Delta和Omicron的研究和發(fā)現(xiàn)，由此推斷文章來(lái)自報(bào)紙。故選A。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，新冠病毒已經(jīng)突變成Alpha、Delta和Omicron，而且感染人數(shù)還在增加，由此推斷還會(huì)有更多的新冠病毒變體。故選D。12．C13．B14．A15．D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了65歲的薛改蓮?fù)ㄟ^(guò)在葫蘆上繪畫(huà)，改善了村民生活，并向人們展示中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)和作品的美。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Twentyyearsago,likemostvillagersofWucunvillageinShanxi’sWenshuicounty,Xue’sfamilymadealivingbygrowinggrapes.”可知，20年前，以種葡萄為生，故選C。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ilikeditverymuchandwantedtokeepit.SoImadeapaintingonit.”；“shestartedtoplantgourdsonherfarm”；“Atthebeginning,Ifounditwasnotveryeasyformetomakegoodpaintings”和“Shealsosetupagourdpyrographysocietyandhastaughtmorethan100localpeopleforfree”可知，正確的順序是c→a→d→b；故選B。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Shealsosetupagourdpyrographysocietyandhastaughtmorethan100localpeopleforfree.”和“Iwillalsofurtherresearchandteachgourdpyrographyskillstohelpvillagersimprovetheirlives.”可知，免費(fèi)教了100多名當(dāng)?shù)厝耍梢?jiàn)她樂(lè)于助人；通過(guò)葫蘆繪畫(huà)來(lái)改善生活，可見(jiàn)她很有創(chuàng)造力，故選A。15．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，65歲的薛改蓮?fù)ㄟ^(guò)在葫蘆上繪畫(huà)，改善了村民生活，故選D。16．A17．B18．C19．D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要討論了“青少年有沒(méi)有零花錢(qián)？”“有多少？”“需不需要為這些零花錢(qián)付出勞動(dòng)？”“這些錢(qián)花在什么地方？”以及“父母有沒(méi)有告訴孩子如何花這些錢(qián)？”16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“IntheUS,pocketmoneyiscalled“anallowance”.Mostteenagersgetaweeklyallowanceofabout$30,whichismorethan￡20or€25.”可知，美國(guó)的青少年是最多的。故選A。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Someteenagershavepart-timejobstoo,whichmeanstheyhavemorethantheirpocketmoneytospendeachweek.”可知，青少年為了得到更多的錢(qián)，要做兼職工作。故選B。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“TeenagersintheUKspendmoreoftheirmoneyonfoodthanonclothes.”可以推斷英國(guó)青少年花在食物上的錢(qián)比衣服上的多。故選C。19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章大意可知，本文主要討論青少年零花錢(qián)的事，應(yīng)該是和生活方式有關(guān)。故選D。20．D21．A22．B23．C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)快速發(fā)展的時(shí)代，有時(shí)候我們需要慢下來(lái)認(rèn)真讀一本書(shū)。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whenwe’rereadingonline,wereadquicklytosearchwhatwewant.Muchofthisactivityisactuallyskimmingorscanningtocheckwhethersomethingisusefulorinterestingandwhetherwewanttoreadon.”可知，人們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上快速閱讀的原因是想要找到自己想要讀的內(nèi)容，來(lái)決定是否要快速閱讀。故選D。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Forexample,puttingthekeyinformationattheverybeginningmakesitmorelikelythatthetime-poorwebsitevisitorswillfindwhattheywant.”可知，第三段主要是通過(guò)舉例子的方式闡述的。故選A。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“somaybeit’stimetoslowdownandloseyourselfinagoodbook.”可推知，作者可能更喜歡慢下來(lái)沉浸讀一本書(shū)。故選B。23．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。第一段提出在時(shí)間就是金錢(qián)的時(shí)代，閱讀習(xí)慣是怎樣受影響的；第二、三段是關(guān)于快速閱讀的原因以及網(wǎng)上的作者針對(duì)快速閱讀需要找到吸引讀者的方法；第四段講述閱讀文學(xué)作品需要慢讀來(lái)享受讀書(shū)的樂(lè)趣；最后一段作者提出自己的觀點(diǎn)：有時(shí)要放慢腳步讀一本好書(shū)。因此全文是總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。24．D25．C26．C27．B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文敘述了作者因?yàn)榭措娪岸⒄`了接父親，所以對(duì)父親撒謊的經(jīng)歷。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Onemorning,DadtoldmeIcoulddrivehimintoavillage,about18milesaway,ifItookthecartobeserviced”可知，那天早上，杰森的父親允許他開(kāi)車(chē)。故選D。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“IdroveDadintothe