專題21 8AU5-2023年牛津譯林版初中英語單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)一遍過（江蘇專用）

8AU5-2023年牛津譯林版初中英語單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)一遍過（江蘇專用）過單詞短語過單詞短語1.Wouldyouliketoliveinthewild，Eddie?你想住在野外嗎，埃迪？(P56)wild在此用作___名詞____詞，意思是_野外____。inthewild意為“在野外”【拓展】wild還可用作形容詞，意為“野生的”，一般作定語修飾名詞；也可跟在連系動(dòng)詞后面作表語。標(biāo)注：wild在此用作名詞，意為“野生”，inthewild意為“在自然環(huán)境下；在野外”?！镜淅v解】例1.FewgiantpandascansurviveinthewildeveninChina.例2.Weshouldn'thuntwildanimalsforfood.例3.Theserosesarewild?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】這條河里有許多野生植物。Therearelotsof_______intheriver.【答案】wildplants2.Couldyoupleasenoteatthem?請(qǐng)你不要吃它們好嗎？(P56)“Couldyouplease(not)dosth.?”的意思是請(qǐng)你（不要）做某事。標(biāo)注：“Couldyouplease(not)dosth.?”的意思是“請(qǐng)你（不）做某事好嗎？”?！镜淅v解】Couldyoupleaselookitupinthedictionary?【鞏固練習(xí)】請(qǐng)你不要呆在這兒好嗎？Couldyou____here?【答案】pleasenotstay3.Imaydiewithoutthem．沒有它們我也許會(huì)死的。(P56)1.【拓展】dievi.→dead→dyingadj.→deathn.2.【辨析】dieof與diefrom的區(qū)別：dieof指死于外因原因；diefrom指死于內(nèi)因。3.without是介詞，后加動(dòng)詞ing。標(biāo)注：dievi.死→deadadj.死的→dyingadj.快死的→deathn.死亡。dieof指死于疾病、衰老等自身的原因；diefrom指死于地震、交通事故、雷擊等外部原因；死于飲酒、受傷、勞累過度、饑餓、饑寒等兩者皆可。without是介詞，意為“沒有”，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。【典例講解】例1.Idon’tthinkhewilldie.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)死。例2.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.無風(fēng)不起浪。【鞏固練習(xí)】1.用die,dead,dying或death填空：①Theman_______intheaccident.Hissudden_______madehisfamilyverysad.②Twowomenwereintheroomwhenthefirehappened.Onewas_______andtheotherwas_______andthedoctorwastryingtosaveher.【答案】dieddeathdeaddying4.They'rethekingsoftheanimalworld。它們是動(dòng)物世界之王。(P57)thekingsof的意思是“……之王”。【典例講解】例.Tigeristhekingoftheforest.5.Thismeans“hope”。它的意思是“希望”。(P58)1.mean可以用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“意思指什么”。2.【拓展】meaning是名詞，意思是“意思；含義”。themeaningof…意思是“。。。的含義”。Itmeans“hope”.＝Itsmeaningis“hope”.6.Atfourmonthsold,sheweighedabouteightkilogramsandstartedtogooutsideforthefirsttime.在4個(gè)月大時(shí)，她大約8公斤重，并開始首次外出。(P58)1.atfourmonthsold的意思是“在4個(gè)月大時(shí)”，在本句中作時(shí)間狀語?！癮t＋年齡”的意思是“在幾歲的時(shí)候”，相當(dāng)于“attheageof”和“whensbwas+年齡”。其中介詞at表示的是時(shí)間點(diǎn)，意思是指到四個(gè)月這個(gè)時(shí)間前后；而infourmonths則表示“四個(gè)月后”，指的是整個(gè)時(shí)間段。2.forthefirsttime第一次【典例講解】例1.Helearnedtoswimateightyearsold.他在8歲時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)游泳。＝Helearnedtoswimwhenhewaseightyearsold.＝Helearnedtoswimattheageofeight.例2.We’regoingonaschooltripforthefirsttime.例3.WhenanAmericanwomanmeetssomeoneforthefirsttime,shemayofferherhand.7.Eightmonthslater,shewasnotasmallbabyanymoreandweighedover35kilograms.)八個(gè)月以后，她不再是一只幼熊貓，而且體重已超過35公斤。(P58)例1.TheyleftChinaafteraweek.＝Aweeklater,theyleftChina.他們一周以后離開了中國。例2.Threedayslater,IwillleaveforNanjing.＝IwillleaveforNanjinginthreedays.我將在三天以后去南京?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】1.HeisinEnglandnow.Twoyearslater,he_______(come)toChina.2.I_______(meet)heratthebusstopinanhour.3.Afterayearsthey_______(see)eachotheragain.【答案】1.willcome2.willmeet3.saw8.However,thebambooforestsarebecomingsmallerandsmaller.然而，竹林變得越來越少。(P58)smallerandsmaller的意思是“越來越小”。表示“越來越……”常用兩種方法表示。①moreandmore+形容詞原級(jí)。②形容詞比較級(jí)+and+形容詞比較級(jí)。9.Weshouldtakeactionrightaway.我們應(yīng)該立即采取措施。（P58)takeactiontodosth.的意思是“采取行動(dòng)做某事”，其中的action是不可數(shù)名詞?！镜淅v解】例1.It’stimetotakeaction．例2.Iwilltakeactionstohelpothers.10.Ifwedonothing,soontheremaybenoneleft!如果我們什么也不做，也許很快一只（大熊貓）都不剩?。≒58)1.none:①可與of連用；②謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)皆可；③具體指沒有人或物；④一般用來回答howmany＋n【典例講解】例1.Noneofushave/hasseenhim.我們中沒有人見過他。例2.--Howmanystudentsarethereintheroom?房間里有多少學(xué)生？--None.一個(gè)也沒有。例3.--Isthereanywaterinthebottle?瓶子里有水嗎？--None.沒有。例4.--Howmuchmoneydoyouhaveonyou?你身上有多少錢？--None.一分也沒有?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】Iwantsomecoffee,butthereis_______inthepot.A.nooneB.somethingC.noneD.Nothing【答案】C2.nothing:①指物；②謂語用單數(shù)；③一般用來回答含anything的一般疑問句及what引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句?！镜淅v解】例1.--Whatisinthebox?盒子里有什么？--Nothing.什么也沒有。例2.--Isthereanythinginthesky?天上有什么嗎？--Nothing.什么也沒有。例3.--Canyouseeanythingwithoutglasses?不戴眼鏡你能看見什么嗎？--Nothing.什么也看不見?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】()--Whatelsedoyouneedforyourtrip?--_______else.I'vepackedeverything.A.NothingB.AnythingC.NoneD.Something【答案】A3.noone＝nobody，只指人，意為“沒有人”，不能指物，語氣比none強(qiáng)，后面不能接of構(gòu)成的短語。noone作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)【典例講解】例.Noone/Nobodylikesapersonwithbadmanners.沒有人喜歡不講禮貌的人。4.用于簡(jiǎn)略回答時(shí)，none用來回答Howmany…或Howmuch…問句以及含“any(one)of＋名詞”構(gòu)成的一般疑問句；noone／nobody用來回答Who…問句及含anyone/anybody構(gòu)成的一般疑問句?！镜淅v解】例1.--Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?瓶子里有多少水？--None.一點(diǎn)也沒有。例2.--Whowillgototheparty?誰將去參加聚會(huì)？--Noone/Nobody.沒有人。11.However,wedobelievethatwherethereisXiWang,thereishope.然而，我們確信哪里有“希望”，哪里就有希望。（P58)①however與but兩者都作“但是，然而”講，however則必須用逗號(hào)與句子其他部分隔開：位于句首時(shí)，要用逗號(hào)與句子其他部分隔開；位于句中時(shí)，其前后都要用逗號(hào)；位于句末時(shí)，其前用逗號(hào)隔開。②do放在believe的前面為強(qiáng)調(diào)用法.英語中，可在動(dòng)詞原形前加上do，does或did表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，翻譯成漢語時(shí)譯作“的確，確實(shí)”?！镜淅v解】例1.Hedoeslikeyourschool.例2.IdidgototheparklastSunday.12.Batscan’tsee,buttheycandecidetoflytherightwaywiththehelpoftheirmouthandears.（P62)蝙蝠看不見，但是在它們的嘴和耳朵的幫助下它們能決定正確的飛行路線?！就卣埂縲iththehelpofsb.＝withone'shelp在某人的幫助下【典例講解】例.IarrivedinShanghaiontimewiththehelpofthem／withtheirhelp.在他們的幫助下，我按時(shí)到達(dá)了上海?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】Withtheteacher'shelp,Icanworkitout.____________________________theteacher,Icanworkitout.【答案】Withthehelpof13.fewerandfewerlivingareas越來越少的生存區(qū)域（P64)fewerandfewer意為“越來越少……”，修飾可數(shù)名詞，不能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾不可數(shù)名詞用lessandless?！镜淅v解】例.fewerandfewermistakes越來越少的錯(cuò)誤lessandlessbread越來越少的面包14.Iamsorrytohearthat．聽說這件事我感到很難過／遺憾。(P64)此句中的that不可改為it，因?yàn)樵摼錇榱?xí)慣用語，不可隨意改換?！镜淅v解】例.--LiMingisi11inhospital.李明生病住院了。--Iamsorrytohearthat.聽說此事我感到很難過?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】()--Motherisill.Ihavetolookafterher.--_______.A.WhatapityB.ThankyouC.IamsorrytohearthatD.Nothingserious【答案】C15.Whatashame!真遺憾！(P64)“Whatashame!”意為“真可惜！真遺憾！真丟人！”，不可以改為以how開頭的感嘆句，因?yàn)閔ow后接形容詞或副詞，而本句中沒有出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞。【典例講解】例.Whatashame!Whydidyougetupsolate?真丟人！你為什么那么晚才起床？【鞏固練習(xí)】()--Igota“C”intheEnglishtest.--_______Youmusttryhardernexttime.A.Iamsorry.B.Whatashame!C.That'sOK.D.Allright.【答案】B16.Otherwise,theremaybenobearsleftintheworld.否則，世界上可能就沒有熊了。(P67)1.otherwiseadv.要不然，否則?！镜淅v解】Getupearly.Otherwise,youwillbelate.早點(diǎn)起床。否則，你會(huì)遲到的。2.therebe…left的意思是“有……剩下”?！镜淅v解】例.Thereisnothingleftinthebag.包里什么也不剩。過語法過語法1.may,can,could的用法can,could的用法【辨析】1.表能力，意為“能、會(huì)”。2.表懷疑、猜測(cè)，常用于否定句和疑問句中。3.表請(qǐng)求或允許，多用于口語中，意為“可以”，相當(dāng)于may.4.could是can的過去式，可以表示過去的能力?！镜淅v解】例1.Canyouplaybasketball?你會(huì)打籃球嗎？例2.Hecan’tbeintheroom.他不可能在房間里。例3.Youcan(may)gonow.你現(xiàn)在可以走了。例4.IcanswimwhenIwassevenyearsold.我七歲時(shí)就會(huì)游泳?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】--CouldIgotothemoviethisweekend,Dad?--Yes,you______.Butyouhavetocomebackbeforenine.A.shallB.mustC.needD.can【答案】D2.may的用法【拓展】1.表推測(cè)，意為“可能，也許”，用于肯定句中。2.表請(qǐng)求、許可，意為“可以”。注意：may表請(qǐng)求，用于主語為第一人稱的一般疑問句時(shí)，其否定回答用mustn’t或can’t,不用maynot,意為“不可以，不允許，禁止”。3.can和may均可用來表示征求意見或允許，意為“可以”，一般可互換使用。may的基本用法就是表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)的“可以”和猜測(cè)時(shí)的“可能”，但要再次強(qiáng)調(diào)may表示猜測(cè)時(shí)是可以用在肯定句、否定句中的。另外，may引起的一般疑問句，其回答需要注意：肯定回答可以使用may或者can都可以，但否定回答則不能用maynot,只能用can’t或者mustn’t.【典例講解】例1.Hemaycometomorrow.他明天可能會(huì)來。例2.MayIborrowyourbook?我可以借用你的書嗎？例3.--MayIgonow?我現(xiàn)在可以走了么？--No,youmustn’t.不，不可以?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】--_____Itakethenewspaperaway?--No,youmustn’t.You_____readitonlyhere.A.Must,canB.May,canC.Need,mustD.Must,must【答案】B3.動(dòng)詞不定式的用法動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語一些動(dòng)詞，如want,decide,hope,ask,agree,choose,learn,plan,need,teach,prepare,等，常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語時(shí)，如果后接賓語補(bǔ)足語，常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后。應(yīng)注意有些動(dòng)詞后面可接不定式作賓語，也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但所表達(dá)的意義不同?！就卣埂砍Ｒ姷挠校海?）stoptodosth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事（2）goontodosth.做完一件事后，繼續(xù)做另一件事；goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做同一件事（3）remember/forgettodosth.記?。浫プ瞿呈?；remember/forgetdoingsth.記得／忘記做過某事有一些動(dòng)詞后面后面是省略to的情況，如see,watch,lookat,hear,make,let,help等。?？荚~組：expecttodo期望做refusetodo拒絕做plantodo計(jì)劃做decidetodo決定做agreetodo同意做learntodo學(xué)會(huì)做hopetodo希望做preparetodo準(zhǔn)備做wanttodo想做choosetodo選擇做waittodo等待做wishtodo希望做【典例講解】例1.I’mtired.Let’sstoptohavearest.我累了，讓我們停下來休息一下吧。例2.It’stimeforclass.Stoptalking.上課了，別說話了。例3.Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom.離開房間時(shí)，別忘了關(guān)上燈。例4.Iforgottellingyouthatbefore.我忘記以前告訴過你這件事了。例5.WemustremembertoturnofftheTV.我們一定要記住關(guān)上電視。例6.Irememberedsendingyousomestamps.我記得給你寄了郵票了。

【鞏固練習(xí)】用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.WhenIsawJimonmywayhome,Istopped_______(talk)withhim.2.Iforgot_______(tell)himaboutitandtoldhimagain.3.Youcanaskthatstrongman_______(help)you_______(move)thebigstone.4.Whotoldyou_______(do)this?5.Marydecided_______(do)herhomeworkassoonasshegothome.6.Doyouplan_______(take)Lindaoutforawalkaftersupper?【答案】1.totalk2.telling3.tohelp,move4.todo5.todo6.totake7.Heseemsveryworried.Maybeheforgets__________(bring)hishomeworkhere.【答案】tobring8.Howmuchdoweneed__________(feed)thepandaaday?【答案】tofeed9.Thisismyfirsttime__________(see)ababypanda.It’scute.【答案】tosee10.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurther.Let’sstop__________(have)arest.【答案】tohave11.Canyoutellmewhere__________(buy)suchagoodhat?【答案】tobuy重難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練重難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練一、單詞拼寫1.Youneversee__________(狼)inapark.Doyouknowwhy?【答案】wolves2.Howmanykindsof__________(蜜蜂)arethereinthewild?【答案】bees3.Mylittledog's__________(weigh)istwokilograms.【答案】weight4.Whata__________（遺憾；同情）!Wemissedthewonderfulmatch.【答案】pity5.Someanimalsaregoodat__________(protect)theirbabiesinthewild.【答案】protecting6.Jackdidn’tgotoschoolbecauseofhisi__________.【答案】illness7.Didourgovernmentmake__________(法律)tomakepeopleliveinanorderlymanner?【答案】laws8.The__________(weigh)ofEddieis15kilogramsnow.Howheavyheis!【答案】weight9.Atthe__________(begin)ofthe21stcentury,manyyoungpeoplelikedwearingjeans.【答案】beginning10.Amothergiantpanda__________(die)intheworld.Whatapity!【答案】died11.Giantpandasarein__________(dangerous).【答案】danger13.Wewanttoseesquirrelsinthesea,butthereis__________(沒有）.【答案】none14.Babytigerslearnhow__________(catch)otheranimals.【答案】tocatch二、閱讀理解ATherearemanycoloursinnature.Butdoyouknowthatacolourhasweight?Ithinkyou’llsay“no”.ButIamafraidyouarewrong.Ifyoudon’tbelieve,youmaydoasmallexperiment(實(shí)驗(yàn)).First,puttwoobjectswiththesameweightintotwoboxes.Thencovertheboxes.Wrap(包裹)oneboxwitharedpieceofpaper,theotherwithawhitepieceofpaper.Nowholdtheboxeswithyourhandonebyone.Itiscertainthatyouwillthinktheredoneisalittleheavier.Whydoesithappen?Ascientistfoundthatdifferentcolourshavedifferentweightinaman’smind.Sohedidmanytestsandatlasthegottheresult.Thatistosay,everycolourhasitsownweightinourmind.Theheaviestcolourisred,thenblue,green,.orange,yellowandwhite.Thescientiststoldusthatcoloursalsohavesmell.Canyousmellthecolour?OfcoursenotThenwhydidthescientistssayso?Thatisbecauseeverycolourrepresentsakindoflightwave(光波)------acertainwavelength(波長(zhǎng)).Itreachesourbrain(大腦)throughorgans(感覺器官)Accordingtothisdiscovery,scientistssaythatpeopleacceptthecolourtheylike,andrefusethecolourtheyhate.Soyourbodyandmindwillbehealthybyusingthecoloursyoulike.Oryou’llbenervousorevengetill.Ifyoustayinaroomwithredwindows,wallpapersandfurniture(家具)fortwohours,you’llfeelyouhavebeenthereforfourhours.Butiftheroomisblue,you’llfeelyouhavebeenthereforonlyonehour.Anotherexample,ifapersonwalksoutofaredroomandintoablueroom,histemperaturewillfall.Thatmeansourbodytemperaturewillchangewhenweseedifferentcolors.1.Whichisthelightestcolorinaman’smind?A.RedB.BlueC.GreenD.White2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Differentcolorshavedifferentweightsinaman’smind.B.Thecolor“blue”isthesecondheaviestcolorinaman’smind.C.Peoplecan’tsmellthecolors.D.Thecoloryoudon’tlikewillkeepyouhealthy.3.Whatwillhappenwhenyougetintoacoolcoloredroomfromawarmcoloredroom?A.Youwillfeelexcited.B.Youwillbehappyandcontented.C.Yourtemperaturewillfall.D.Youwillbenervous.4.Accordingtothepassage,howlongwillyoufeelifyoustayinaredroomforanhour?A.Twohours.B.FourshoursC.SixhoursD.Eighthours.【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.ABLet’strydoingthefollowingexperiment.Whattodo：Usestringtohangapapercliporothersmallobjectataboutchest（胸部）level.Pickupastick，suchasabroomhandle.Takethreeorfourstepsawayfromthepaperclip.Nowcloseoneeyeandwalktowardthepaperclip.Trytotouchitwiththetipofthestick.Ifyoumiss，tryagain，stillkeepingoneeyeclosed.Nowtryitwithbotheyesopenandseeifit’seasiertodo.Howitworks：Intheexperiment，youhavetojudgehowfarawaythepaperclipis.Yourbrainhasseveralwaysofdoingthis.Onesimplewaydependsonhowmuchyoureyehastofocus（聚焦）itself.Usingonlyoneeye，mostpeoplewillfinditdifficulttotouchthepapercliponthefirsttry，butthebrainstillgetssomeinformationaboutdistance—thoughnotmuch.Yourbraincanjudgedistancemuchbetterwhenyoulookatsomethingwithbotheyes.Infact，yourbrainhasmorethanonewaytousebotheyesinjudgingdistance.Forexample，toseeanythingclearly，youhavetomakebothofyoureyespointattheobject.Whenyoulookatanearbyobject，youreyesturninward.Youcanfeelthishappeningifyoulookatthetipofyourfingerandmoveyourfingertowardyournose.Yourbraingetsinformationfromtheeyesabouthowmuchtheyarepointingtowardeachother.Usingthatinformation，thebraincantellhowfarawayanyobjectis，whetheritisabasketballorapaperclip.1.Howmanymaterialsdoweneedatleasttodotheexperiment？A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five2.Thepassageismainlyaboutthatwitheyesourbraincanjudge.A.howbiganobjectisB.howhighanobjectisC.howfarawayanobjectisD.howmuchinformationanobjectis3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage？A.Ourbrainjudgesdistanceinonewaywhenweusebotheyes.B.Ourbraincannotjudgethedistanceofasmallobjectbutabigone.C.Howmuchoureyesfocushelpsourbrainjudgethesizeofanobject.D.Howmuchoureyesfocushelpsourbrainjudgethedistanceofanobject.4.Fromtheexperimentwecaninfer（推斷）.A.withoneeyewecanseeanobjectasclearlyasweusetwoeyesB.oureyesturntowardstheinsidewhenwelookatanobjectverynearC.within3or4steps，theneareranobjectis，themoreclearlywecanseeitD.ourbraincanhardlygetanyinformationaboutdistancewhenweuseoneeye【答案】1.B2.D3.BCFormanyyearsscientistshavesaidthattheearthisgettingwarmer.Nowtheyhavefoundsomethingnew-hotcities!InthesouthernUS,theyhavefoundthatcitiesbecomeveryhotinsummer.Forexample,thecityofAtlantainGeorgiahasrooftemperatureofupto50℃whileitis27℃inthestreets!Atnight,theoutsideofbuildingsstayssohotthattheheatofthecitycausesstormsoverthecity!Chinaalsohasthesamekindofproblems.Everyyearmorefarmlandisusedforfactoriesoroffices.Morehousingisneeded,too.Aspeoplebecomericher,theybuymorecars.Newroadsareneededandnewcarparksarebuiltinthecitycenters.Thisallmakescitieshotter.Itisn’teasytochangethesituation.Cityplannerssaythatweshouldplantmoretreesinthemiddleofcities.Everynewstreetshouldhavetreesonbothsides,theysay.Treesmakethetemperaturelower,soweshouldhavemoretreesinourparksandsquares.Weshouldalsopaintourroofswhite.Ifwedothis,theydonotbecomesohot.Everyroofinahotandsunnycountryshouldhavesolarroofpanels.Theelectricityfromthes