《金版學(xué)案》2022屆高考英語北師大版一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時作業(yè)：語言朋友(11)-

語言伴侶(11)閱讀理解Foryearswehavebeendietingstrictlyaftertheyear-endovereating,afraidthatwhensummercomes,thebiggersizewehaveaccumulatedwillbetrayhowweate.Nowscientistssay,it'salittlebugthatcausesobesity(肥胖)．Astheholidayseasonwithitsabundantfeastingarrives,millionsoffoodloversarekeepinganeyeontheirfigures.ButscientistshavefoundthatweightgainisnotabouttoomuchChristmasturkeyorhotchocolates,butsomebacteriainyourguts(腸)．Chinesescientistsrecentlydiscoveredatypeofbacteriaingutsthatmaybetoblameforobesity.AresearchteamledbyZhaoLiping,aprofessorinShanghai,hasidentifiedapreciselinkbetweenaparticularkindofbacteriaandunusualweightgain.“Theendotoxin(內(nèi)毒素)releasedbythebacteriumcanactivate(激活)agenethathelpsproducefat.Anditalsodeactivatesagenethatconsumesfat，”Zhaosays.Scientistshavelongbelievedthatmicroscopicorganismsinthegut,microbiota,mayplayaveryimportantroleinweightgain,buttheyhadneverbeenabletoproveit.In2004,AmericanmicrobiologistJeffreyGordonandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredagenerallinkbetweenobesityandgutmicrobiotainmice.Whilealinkwasbelievedtoexist,provingitwasanothermatter.“Thelistofdiseasesthattheymayplayaroleinisjustgrowingandgrowing，”saysLitaProctor,directoroftheUSNationalInstitutesofHealth.“Buttheproblemisthatwe'reonlyabletolookatassociationsandaren'tyetabletoconductcause-and-effectstudies.”Intheclinicalstudy,researchersfoundagrowthoftoomuchendotoxin-producingbacteria,leadingto35percentofthegutbacteria,inanobesepatientwhoseinitialweightwas175kg.Basedonthisinformation,researcherstriedtocurethepatientbyfeedinghimaspecializednutritionalliquidfoodtodecreasethebacteriainhisgutstoignorableamounts.After23weeks,thepatientlost51.4kg,withhisfattyliverdiseasehavingalmostdisappeared.解題導(dǎo)語：科學(xué)家們發(fā)覺肥胖與腸道里的一種細(xì)菌有關(guān)。1．Wedietstrictlyaftertheyear-endovereatingbecause______．A．wewon'tbetrayourselvesB．weeattoomuchturkeyC．therearebacteriainourgutsD．wedon'twanttolookfat解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“afraidthatwhensummercomes,thebiggersizewehaveaccumulatedwillbetrayhowweate”可知是不想讓別人看出身體胖，故選D。答案：D2．WhatcanbelearnedfromZhao'sresearch?A．Obesityisrelatedtoakindofbacteria.B．Healthydiethelpsreduceyourfat.C．Chocolatedoesn'tcauseweightgain.D．Toomuchfoodleadstooverweight.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“hasidentifiedapreciselinkbetweenaparticularkindofbacteriaandunusualweightgain”可知肥胖與一種細(xì)菌有關(guān)，故選A。答案：A3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Scientistsdidn'ttrytofindoutthecauseofoverweight.B．Thereisalinkbetweenmice'soverweightandhuman's.C．Litaprovedthelinkbetweenbacteriaandweightgain.D．Scientistsfoundbacteriamayberelatedtomanydiseases.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第九段“Thelistofdiseasesthattheymayplayaroleinisjustgrowingandgrowing”可知科學(xué)家發(fā)覺細(xì)菌跟很多疾病有關(guān)系，故選D。答案：D4．Thepatientfinallylost51.4kgofhisweightafter________.A．35percentofhisgutbacteriawerekilledB．theamountofgutbacteriawasdecreasedC．hehadaspecialkindofoperationD．hisfattyliverhaddisappeared解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第十一段內(nèi)容可知，爭辯者讓病人吃一種特殊的食物以削減腸道里的細(xì)菌，故選B。答案：B5．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．People'seatinghabits.B．Healthylifestyles.C．Amedicaldiscovery.D．Theconsequenceofobesity.解析：主旨大意題。依據(jù)全文的內(nèi)容來看，這是關(guān)于人們肥胖的一個新的發(fā)覺，故選C。答案：C語法填空Amanboughtadonkeyatthemarketonedayandtookhimhome.Themanhadalreadyownedseveraldonkeysandhekneweachone'scharacterverywell.Oneofthedonkeyswasverystrongandbrave.6.________waseagertopleasebutquicklyexhausted.Onedonkeywasverylazy.Hehatedgoingtoworkinthemorningandhedidaslittleashe7.________(possible)couldalldaylong.When8.________otheranimalswerebeingloadedup(裝載貨物),healwaystriedtobethelastsothathewouldgetthe9.________(light)load.Themantookthenewdonkeyintotheyard.Foramoment,hestood,10.________(sniff)athisnewcompanions.Then,withouthesitation(毫不遲疑地),hewalkeduptothelazydonkeyandbeganhavingfoodcomfortably11.________hisside.Thoughitwaslateintheday,themanimmediately12.________(lead)thenewdonkeyoutoftheyard,straightbacktothemarket.“Itcannotbeafairtrial，”saidthemerchant.“Ithasbeenonlytenminutes13.________youboughthim.”“Idon'tneedtotryhimanymore，”repliedtheman.“Iknowjust14.________heislikefromthefriendhechoseforhimself.Takehimawayandgivememymoneyback.Icandowithoutdonkeys15.________him.”解題導(dǎo)語：本文告知我們一個道理：觀友知人。6．解析：依據(jù)上文的“severaldonkeys”可知，此處填不定代詞another，表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一個”。答案：Another7．解析：此處填副詞，在句中作狀語。答案：possibly8．解析：依據(jù)語境可知，此處填定冠詞the。答案：the9．解析：依據(jù)語境可知，此處填形容詞的最高級形式。答案：lightest10．解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)