黑龍江省牡丹江市重點高級中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末考試 英語

黑龍江省牡丹江市重點高級中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末考試英語姓名：__________班級：__________考號：__________題號一二三四五總分評分一、閱讀理解(共20小題，每小題2.5分，滿分50分)閱讀理解Asiaisthebirthplaceoftheworld'sthreeancientcivilizations:ancientChina,ancientIndiaandBabylon.Eachgavetheworlddifferentarchitecturalstylesandgloballandmarks,suchastheGreatWallofChina.TajMahalofIndia.WiththeconclusionoftheConferenceonDialogueofAsianCivilization,let'stakealookatthearchitectureofAsiancivilizations.TheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaisanancientdefenseprojectwiththelongestconstructiontimeandthelargestworkloadputintoalandmark,stretchingouttoatotallengthofmorethan5,000kilometers.OnlywhenyouhavebeentotheGreatWallandwitnesseditsmajestycanyoutrulysayyouhavevisitedChina.AngkorWat,CambodiaTheAngkorWatinCambodiaisoneofthelargestreligiousmonumentsintheworld,builtonasitemeasuring162.6hectares.ItwasbuiltbytheKhmerKingSuryavarmanⅡintheearly12thcenturyinYasodharapura(present-dayAngkor),thecapitaloftheKhmerEmpire,ashisstatetempleandeventualmausoleum(陵墓).TajMahal,IndiaTheTajMahalisanivory-whitemarblemausoleumonthesouthbankoftheriverYamunaintheIndiancityofAgra.Itwascommissionedin1632byMughalemperorShahtohousethetombofhisfavoritewife,MumtazMahal.TheTajMahalwasdesignatedaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein1983forbeing"thejewelofMuslimartinIndiaandoneoftheuniversallyadmiredmasterpiecesoftheworld'sheritage"Al-Khazneh,JordanAl-Khazneh,alsoknownastheTreasury,isoneofthemostdelicatetemplesintheancientArabNabataeanKingdomcityofPetra,Jordan.The45-meter-highand30-meter-widebuildingisamagnificentbuildingwithapronouncedGreekstyle.Itissaidtohavebeenaplacewherepirateshidtheirtreasure.1．WhatisspecialabouttheGreatWallcomparedwiththeothersinthearticle?A．Itisthelongestman-madeprojectintheworld.B．ItwaslistedintheUNESCOworldHeritageSite.C．ItwasusedasadefenseprojectintheancientChina.D．Itusedtobeusedasareligious/purposeinChina2．Whichofthefollowingisoneofthelargestreligiousmonuments?A．TheAngkorWat. B．TheTajMahal.C．AI-Khazneh. D．TheTreasury3．WhichofthelandmarkshasbeenaffectedbytheGreekculture?A．TheGreatWall. B．TheAngkorWat.C．TheTajMahal. D．AI-Khazneh.閱讀理解I'vebeeninan18-yearlove-haterelationshipwithablackwalnuttree.It'sauniquetree.InlateSeptemberorearlyOctober,fallingfruitsashardasbaseballsthreatentheskulls(頭骨)ofyou,yourchildren,yourneighborsandthosethatresidenextdoortothem.UmbrellasintheyardareamustwhiledininginearlyAugust,andasforme,Iwearmybikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden.Theblackwalnutalsoreleasesachemicalsubstancethroughitsrootsasacompetitivestrategy.It'spoisonoustoseveralcommonplants.TherehavebeenmanynewplantvarietiesthatIbroughthomewithhopesthatmaybetheblackwalnutwouldacceptthem,buttheyfailedtoflourish.Whatdoesworkarenativeplantsthatnaturallygrowinthearea.Nativeplantsareimportanttohavearoundsincetheyprovidebeneficialpollinators(傳粉者)likebirds,beesandbutterflieswithseedsandcontributetoahealthyandbiodiverseenvironment.Nativeplantsforthisareaaregenerallyeasytogrow,sotheyexperiencelessstress.HaveIthoughtofgettingridofthisgiantpaininmytinybackyard?Yes,however,gettingridofthistreestandingat50feetwithan87-inchtrunkisnexttoimpossible.It'salsoprotectedunderthelaw.Rightfullyso.Treesareimportanttotheurbanforestandforallofthosethatinhabitit.SometimesIthinkaboutmylifewithouttheblackwalnut.Ican'timagineaspringwithoutthebirdswhoarriveeveryyearandloudlysingtheirsongsbeforedawn.I'dmissfallingasleeponlazyweekendafternoonsasIlookupintoitsleaves.Everyspring,Iwonderwhattheseasonholds:Whatarethechancesofbeingknockedunconsciouswhilebarbecuing?Likeanygoodrelationship,I'llneverbepleased.I'mstuckwiththistree,soI'lllistentoitsneedsandgiveitthespaceitrequires.Inreturn,mywalnutoffersahabitatforwildlifeandareminder.4．Whydoestheauthorwearabikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden?A．Toprotecttheinjuredskull.B．Toavoidbeinghitbythenuts.C．Topreventherselffromsunburn.D．Toprotectherselffromgettingcaughtintherain.5．Whatisthetree'ssurvivalstrategy?A．Itacceptsnewplantvarieties.B．Itattractsbeneficialpollinators.C．Itletsoutapoisontodriveawaypests.D．Itproducesachemicalfataltosomeplants.6．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Thefruitsmaybringinconvenience.B．Thewriterfindsitchallengingtogetridofthetree.C．Thewriterisaccustomedtolivingwithoutthetree.D．Thetreeishometonumerousbirdsandothercreatures.7．TheauthormostprobablygotareminderfromthetreethatA．It'sbettertobesurethansorry.B．Constantdroppingwearsthestone.C．Treesandplantshavetheirownwaystoflourish.D．Acceptanceinsteadofresistanceisthebetterwaytobe.閱讀理解Jason,astraight-AstudentfromtheUniversityofPennsylvania,usestheterm"pseudo-working"todescribehowmanyofusstudy.Thepseudo-workerlooksandfeelslikesomeonewhoisworkingbard-heorshespendsalongtimeinthelibraryandisnotafraidtopushonlateintothenight–but,becauseofalackoffocusandconcentration,heorshedoesn'tactuallyachievemuch.Thisphenomenoncambeseeninmostcolleges.Forexample,atDartmouththerewasasectionofthemainlibrarythatwasopentwenty-fourhoursadayandthestudentsIusedtoseeintherelateatnightcrowdedingroups,drinkingcoffee,weredefinitelypseudo-working.TheroommatewholooksthroughherchemistrynotesonthecouchwhilewatchingTVispseudo-working.Theguywhobringsthreemeals,ablanket.andsix-packofRedBulltothestudyzoneinpreparationforanall-daypaper-writingmarathonisalsopseudo-working.Byplacingthemselvesindistractingenvironmentsandinsistingonworkinglonghours,thesestudentsaredamagingtheirbrain'sabilitytothinkclearlyandefficientlytoachievethetaskathand.Intheendtheygethalftheresultswithtwicetheeffort.Thebiggerproblemhereisthatmoststudentsdon'tevenrealizethatthey'repseudo-working.Tothempseudo-workingiswork-it'showthey'vealwaysdoneit,andit'showalloftheirfriendsdoit.Iinevercrossestheirmindthattheremightbeabetterway.Straight-Astudents.ontheotherhand,knowallaboutpseudo-working.Theyfearit,andforgoodreasonItnotonlywastestime,butit'salsomentallytiring.Infact,themostimportantskillinbecomingabetterstudentistheabilitytogetworkdonequicklyandwithasmallestamountofwastedeffort.Somecognitivescienceresearchconcludesthatabout50minutesistheoptimallearningperiodtomaximizethematerialintegratedpertimeunit.Sohowdothesestudentsachievethisgoal?Tounderstandtheirwaytosuccess,considerthefollowingsimpleformula(公式):workachieved=timespent*intensityoffocus.Pseudo-workingfeaturesaverylowintensityoffocus.Therefore,toachievesomethingbypseudo-working.Youneedtospendalotoftime.Thestraight-Aapproach,ontheotherhand,increasesintensityinordertouselesstime.8．Whichofthefollowingphenomenonispseudo-working?A．Tomisbusytakingnoteswhileattendingalecture.B．Mikeissittingatastudyloungeinpreparationforafinalexamquietly.C．Jackspendsalongtimeinthelibraryonhisessaywhilelisteningtomusic.D．AliceandSaraaresittingonthecouthreadingtheirfavoritebooks.9．Comparedwithstraight-Astudents,themajorproblemofmoststudentsisthatthey_____A．wanttospendmoretimeonstudy.B．a(chǎn)reeagertofollowtheirfriends'way.C．havegottenusedtotheirstudyapproach.D．a(chǎn)reunawareoftheirpseudo-working.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"optimal"meaninparagraph5?A．Possible. B．Best. C．Least. D．Accurate.11．Whydoestheauthormentiontheformulainthetext?A．Toshowthebenefitofworkinghard.B．Toprovethenecessityofachievingwork.C．Toemphasizetheimportanceofconcentration.D．Toexplainthereasonforspendingmuchtime.閱讀理解________"Practicemakesperfect"isaverypopularexpression.However,canwetakethissayingliterally?Manyscientificstudieshavesoughttoeitherproveordisprovethisidea.Sodoesenoughpracticeliterallyleadtoperfection,oratleasttoalevelofexpertise?Onepopulartheoryisthatifapersonpractisesforatleast10,000hours,theywillreach"perfection"—or,inotherwords,becomeanexpertintheirfield.ThistheorywasmadefamousbyMalcolmGladwellinhis2008best-sellingbook,Outliers:TheStoryofSuccess.Heclaimed10,000hoursofpracticetobe"themagicnumberofgreatness".HegavetheexamplesofthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftco-creatorBillGates.Althoughtheyallseemedtohavelotsofnaturaltalent,theyalsoclearlyputinover10,000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful.However,Gladwell'sbookhasbeensaidbymanytobetoosimplisticandgeneralising.Gladwell'sworkwaslargelybasedonresearchdonebyAndersEricsson,whoarguedthatGladwellmisinterpretedhisresearch.Firstly,Ericssonstatedthat10,000hourswasanaveragefigure.Somepeople,forexample,neededfarfewerthan10,000hours,andothersmanymore.Moreimportantly,Ericssonsaidthatjustpractisingalotwasnotenough;thetypeandqualityofpracticewasalsoessential.Hewentontoexplaintheimportanceof"deliberatepractice",whichiswhenapersonpractisesaspecificpartofaskillindepthratherthanpractisingaskillasawhole.Deliberatepracticeissaidtobemuchmoreeffective,albeitmoretiring.Despitethetheoriesmentionedabove,manyotherstudiesarguethatpracticealoneisfarfromenough.Infact,amorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel.Sowhataretheotherfactorsthatcontributetopeoplebecomingexperts?Manypeoplesaythatnaturaltalenthasalargeinfluenceonbecominganexpert.Anothernaturalfactorisphysicalsuperiority,whichisespeciallyevidentinsports.Forinstance,manybaseballplayersinAmericahaveamazingvisionthatallowsthemtoseetheballmuchsoonerthanothersdo.Sonomatterhowmucha"normal"personpractises,itisveryhardforthemtobeasgoodassomeonewhohasnaturaltalentorphysicalsuperiorityandwhoalsopractises.Andhowaboutotherfactorsthatgointocreatinganexpert?ManysayIQ,personality,attitude,andstartingagearedecisivefactors,too.Itisalsoimportanttonotethatbecominganexpertdoesn'tequalinstantsuccess.Successalsoreliesonsocialfactors,environmentalfactors,andevenjustbeingintherightplaceattherighttime!Inconclusion,practicemaynotmakeperfect,butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadtosignificantimprovement.BasedonEricsson'sresearch,herearesometipsonhowtopractiseeffectively:bemotivated;makespecificandrealisticgoals;workoutsideyourcomfortzone;beconsistentandpersistent;askforothers'opinions;and,ofcourse,getplentyofrest!Forthosewantingtobecomeanexpertinsomething,rememberthatbeingmotivatediskey—enjoywhatyoudoandfollowyourpassions.12．WhatexamplesdidGladwelluseforhisclaim?A．Manyscientificstudies.B．Hisownlearningexperience.C．ManybaseballplayersinAmerica.D．AmusicgroupandtheMicrosoftco-creator.13．WhydidEricssondisagreewithGladwell?A．Becausehedidascientificstudies.B．Becausehefounddeliberatepracticelesseffective.C．Becauseheagreedwiththeinfluenceofthenaturaltalent.D．Becausehethoughtthetypeandqualityofpracticewasalsoessential.14．WhatdidarecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversityshow?A．Practiceonlyaccountedforasmallshareinreachinganexpertlevel.B．Attitudeandstartingagearedecisivefactorstobecomeanexpert.C．Twenty-sixpercentofthetestedsubjectscangainsuccess.D．Itisveryhardfora"normal"persontobeanaturaltalent.15．Whatcanbethesuitabletitleforthistext?A．AnewscientificdiscoveryB．Doespracticereallymakeprefect?C．AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofmakingpracticeD．Themoreyoupractice,themoresuccessyouwillreceive.二、任務(wù)型閱讀(共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)任務(wù)型閱讀Cloudstorageisaflexibleandconvenientwaytostoredatawithcompletepeaceofmind.16．Thismeansyoucanstoreallyourdigitalthingsremotely,withouttakingupspaceonyourcomputer.Therearetwooptionsavailable:publiccloudstorageallowsyoutosharehostingspacewithotherusers;privatecloudstorageistheidealchoiceforcompanieswhowanttohavetheirdatastoredintheirownenvironment.17．Onceyouhaveregisteredandsetupyouraccount,yousimplysaveyourfilesviatheinternetusingyourusernameandpassword.Thisensuresyourdataremainssecureandinaccessibletoanyoneelse.Shouldyouchoose,youcanputcertainpermissionsinplace,whichmakesiteasytoshareyourdatawithyourcolleaguesoryourfamily.Whenyousignuptocloudstorage,youcanchoosetheamountofspaceyouneed.18．Youcanstoreanythingdigital:allyourfiles,videosandpictures.Whetheryouwanttousethisstoragesolutiontostoreyourfamilyphotographsoryouwanttouseittostoreyourworkdocumentation,youwillfinditquiteconvenient.Isitbetterthanyourcomputeroranexternaldrive?Theanswerisadefiniteyes.Computerscrashallthetime.Thisisthemostcommoncauseoflostworkandmemories.19．Hereyoualsohavetheaddedriskofmisplacingitorhavingitstolen.Therearesomanyadvantagestocloudcomputing,fromtheabilitytoaccessyourdatafromwherever,whenever,tonotneedingexpensiveexternalstoragedevices.20．A.Cloudstorageisverysimpletouse.B.Youwillfindcloudstorageverycheap.C.Externalharddrivescanstillbreak,orfail.D.Itenablesyoutostoreyourdataonhostedservers.E.Cloudstorageprovidersoffermultiplelayersofdatasecurity.F.Theonlydisadvantage,however,isthatyouneedinternettoaccessfiles.G.Youcanstartwithasmallamountandincreasethestoragesizelateron.三、完形填空(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)完形填空My14-year-oldson,John,andIspottedthecoatatthesametimeatasecond-handclothingstore.Ithadablackvelvet(絲絨)collar,delightfultailoring,aFifthAvenuelabelanda(an)21．priceofmerely$28.Welookedateachother,sayingnothing,butJohn'seyes22．.Dark,woolentopcoatswerepopularjustthenwithteenagers,butcouldcostseveralhundreddollarsnow.Johnputthecoatonand23．it.Heturnedfromsidetoside,24．himselfinthemirrorwithaserious,studied25．thatsoonchangedintoasmile.It'saperfect26．.Johnworethecoattoschoolthenextdayandcamehomewearingabigsmile."Howdidthekidslikeyourcoat?"Iasked."Theyloveit."Hesaid,carefully27．itonthechairandsmoothingitflat.Overthenextfewweeks,the28．cameoverJohn.Quiet,reasoneddiscussion29．a(chǎn)rgument.Hebecamemorethoughtfulandeagerto30．."Gooddinner,Mum,"hewouldsayeveryevening.OnedaywhenI31．thathestartonhomeworkbeforedinner,Johnsaid,"Youareright,andIguessIwill."WhenIaskedoneofhisteachers32．causedthechanges,shesaidwithlaughter,"Itmustbehiscoat!"JohnandIbothknowweshouldnever33．a(chǎn)person'sclothesfortherealpersonwithinthem.Butitismeaningfulto34．a(chǎn)standardofexcellencefortheworldtosee,topracticeastandardofexcellenceinthought,speechandbehavior,andto35．whatisontheinsidewithwhatisontheoutside.21．A．special B．reasonable C．unbelievable D．cheap22．A．closed B．shone C．opened D．lowered23．A．buttoned B．touched C．held D．obtained24．A．feeling B．looking C．glancing D．eyeing25．A．gesture B．expression C．a(chǎn)ttitude D．feeling26．A．colour B．price C．fit D．fashion27．A．pressing B．taking C．throwing D．folding28．A．happiness B．satisfaction C．change D．generosity29．A．made B．replaced C．took D．transformed30．A．please B．complain C．a(chǎn)dmire D．a(chǎn)pologize31．A．insisted B．suggested C．a(chǎn)sked D．commanded32．A．what B．when C．that D．how33．A．watch B．judge C．mistake D．consider34．A．do B．wear C．speak D．show35．A．compare B．fill C．mix D．match四、語法填空(共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Israelisinger-songwriterGiladSegevhasdevotedhimself36．a(chǎn)nambitiousprojecttopresentdifferentviewsofChinathroughmusic,becauseofhisloveforthecountry.InJune2020,helaunchedProject34,through37．hewillreleaseasongforeachofthe34provincial-levelregionsinChinaeverymonth.38．(combine)Chinesemusicandglobalfolkmusic,he39．(post)17videossofaronsocialmediaplatforms,gainingmillionsofviews."My40．(inspire)fortheprojectwasthegreatbeautyIdiscoveredinChina'sculture,landscapes,andmore.41．(important),theheartsofChinesepeople."saysSegev.Hecalls42．(he)a"passer-by"—atravelingartistwhotellsstoriesfromhisencounterswithpeoplefromvariouscultures,throughmusic.Overthepastdecade,theaward-winningmusicianhastravelledtomostofthe34provincial-levelregions,andplanstogoto43．restwhentravelisnotrestrictedbytheCOVID-19pandemic.Foreachmusicvideo,hecooperatesactivelywithaChinesesingerormusician,toincludecharacteristicsfromtheirownhomeregion.HeandhisteamhavelistenedtovarioustypesofChinesemusic44．(figure)outwhatsuitableelementscanbeusedinhisworks."Ibelievewhenallofourvoices45．(hear)together,trueharmonycanhappen,"Segevsays.五、書面表達(滿分40分)46．假定你是高中生李華，正在倫敦做交換生。大英博物館(theBritishMuseum)正在招聘兼職導(dǎo)游。請你給招聘負(fù)責(zé)人史密斯先生寫一封信，申請這一職位。內(nèi)容如下：1）自我介紹;2）想做兼職導(dǎo)游的原因;3）應(yīng)聘兼職導(dǎo)游的自身優(yōu)勢。注意：1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearMr.Smith,……Yourssincerely,LiHua47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。ASon'sLoveOurchurchcongregationinTorontohasawayofassistingthosewhohavefinancialdifficultieswithoutmakingtherecipientfeelshameorguilt.Moneyisdroppedintoanofferingboxwithonlythenameoftherecipientontheenvelope.Theenvelopesarethendistributedtothosememberswithoutthemknowingthenameofthegiver.TherecameatimewhenmyhusbandandIwereamongthoseinneed.Wedidnottalkaboutourfinancialdifficultywithanyone.Theonlyreasonourchildrenknewwasbecausewehadtocutbackonmanythings.Still,wehopedtheywerenotawareoftheextentofourneed,norofhowmuchtheirfatherandIweresufferingbecauseofit.Wedidnotwanttoburdenthemwithaproblemtheycoulddonothingtosolve.Oursituationwasn'timproving,andmyhusbandandIknewthatwewouldhavetolookforoutsidehelp.Justaswereachedthepointofdespair,ourchurchgaveusagiftenvelopethathadbeenleftintheofferingbox.Wewereoverjoyedtoreceiveaverysubstantialamountofmoney,enoughtobringusthroughthatdesperatetime.Wecouldn'thelpbutwonderwhohadgivensuchagenerousgift.Wewereextremelyrelievedandenormouslygrateful.Ayearlater,ourseventeen-year-oldsonwasapplyingforastudentloansohecouldattenduniversity.Itwasthenwediscoveredthathissavingsaccountwasalmostempty.HisfatherandIwereverydisturbedbythis.Wehadtrustedhimtoputpartofhiswagesfromhispart-timejobintothebanktowardshiseducation.FromthetimehewasnineyearsoldhehadbeenapapercarrierforTheTorontoStar,andhehadworkedveryhardforhissmallearnings.注意：1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2）請按如下格式作答。Anxious,Iaskedhimrepeatedlytotellmewherethemoneyhadgone.……Finally,intears,andwithgreatreluctance,mysontoldusthetruth.

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．A3．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了四處亞洲文明的建筑?！军c評】考查閱讀理解，包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進行理解。1．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)TheGreatWallofChina部分中的"TheGreatWallofChinaisanancientdefenseprojectwiththelongestconstructiontime”中國的長城是古代建造時間最長的防御工程?？芍袊拈L城是在古代是一項防御工程。故選C。2．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)AngkorWat,Cambodia部分中的"TheAngkorWatinCambodiaisoneofthelargestreligiousmonumentsintheworld,builtonasitemeasuring162.6hectares.”柬埔寨的吳哥窟是世界上最大的宗教遺跡之一，占地162.6公頃?？芍瑓歉缈呤鞘澜缟献畲蟮淖诮踢z跡之一。故選A。3．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Al-Khazneh,Jordan部分中的"The45-meter-highand30-meter-widebuildingisamagnificentbuildingwithapronouncedGreekstyle.”這座建筑高45米，寬30米，是一座具有明顯希臘風(fēng)格的宏偉建筑?？芍?，卡茲尼神殿受到希臘風(fēng)格建筑的影響。故選D?！敬鸢浮?．B5．D6．D7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者在與一棵黑核桃樹愛恨交的18年中，終于找到了與之相處的方式——接受而不是反抗?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"InlateSeptemberorearlyOctober,fallingfruitsashardasbaseballsthreatentheskulls(頭骨)ofyou,yourchildren,yourneighborsandthosethatresidenextdoortothem.UmbrellasintheyardareamustwhiledininginearlyAugust,andasforme,Iwearmybikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden.”在9月底或10月初，像棒球一樣堅硬的水果會掉落，威脅到你、你的孩子、你的鄰居和住在他們隔壁的人的頭骨。在八月初吃飯的時候，院子里的傘是必須的，至于我，在花園里工作的時候，我戴著自行車頭盔。可知，作者在花園里工作時戴上自行車頭盔，是為了避免被堅果擊中。故選B。5．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Theblackwalnutalsoreleasesachemicalsubstancethroughitsrootsasacompetitivestrategy.It'spoisonoustoseveralcommonplants.”黑核桃還通過根部釋放一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這是一種競爭策略。它對幾種常見植物有毒?？芍?，黑核桃樹通過釋放致命化學(xué)物質(zhì)毒死其他常見植物來生存。故選D。6．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Ican'timagineaspringwithoutthebirdswhoarriveeveryyearandloudlysingtheirsongsbeforedawn.”我無法想象沒有鳥兒的春天，它們每年都飛來，在黎明前高聲歌唱；以及最后一段中的"Inreturn,mywalnutoffersahabitatforwildlifeandareminder.”作為回報，我的核桃為野生動物提供了棲息地和提醒?？芍?，這顆黑核桃樹是許多鳥類和其他生物的棲息地。故選D。7．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Likeanygoodrelationship,I'llneverbepleased.I'mstuckwiththistree,soI'lllistentoitsneedsandgiveitthespaceitrequires.”就像任何好的關(guān)系一樣，我永遠(yuǎn)不會滿意。我被這棵樹困住了，所以我會傾聽它的需求，給它所需的空間。可知，作者在黑核桃樹帶來的痛苦和快樂中找到了與之相處的方式——傾聽需求，給予空間。故選D?！敬鸢浮?．B9．D10．B11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了"偽學(xué)習(xí)"的一些表現(xiàn)和危害，并建議大家提高專注度，提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇社會現(xiàn)象類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細(xì)核對，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。8．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Thepseudo-workerlooksandfeelslikesomeonewhoisworkingbard-heorshespendsalongtimeinthelibraryandisnotafraidtopushonlateintothenight-but,becauseofalackoffocusandconcentration,heorshedoesn'tactuallyachievemuch."偽學(xué)習(xí)者看起來和感覺上都像吟游詩人——他或她花很長時間在圖書館里，而且不怕工作到深夜——但是，由于缺乏專注力，他或她實際上并沒有取得多大成就?？芍瑐螌W(xué)習(xí)指的是看上去好像花了很長時間學(xué)習(xí)，但并沒有真正把注意力集中在學(xué)習(xí)上。故選C。9．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"Thebiggerproblemhereisthatmoststudentsdon'tevenrealizethatthey'repseudo-working."更大的問題是，大多數(shù)學(xué)生甚至沒有意識到他們是在偽學(xué)習(xí)?？芍?，相比全A的學(xué)生，大多數(shù)學(xué)生都不知道自己在偽學(xué)習(xí)。故選D。10．考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第五段中的"Somecognitivescienceresearchconcludesthatabout50minutesistheoptimallearningperiodtomaximizethematerialintegratedpertimeunit."一些認(rèn)知科學(xué)研究得出結(jié)論，大約50分鐘是最佳的學(xué)習(xí)時間，以最大限度地利用每一時間單位的材料。其中的maximize"最大化"可知，對于學(xué)習(xí)來說，提高效率非常重要，為了效率的最大化，50分鐘的時間應(yīng)該是"最適合的"或者"最佳的"。劃線詞optimal是"最佳的"之意。故選B。11．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的"Sohowdothesestudentsachievethisgoal?Tounderstandtheirwaytosuccess,considerthefollowingsimpleformula:workachieved=timespent*intensityoffocus."那么這些學(xué)生是如何實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的呢？要了解他們的成功之道，可以考慮下面這個簡單的公式：完成的工作量等于花費的時間乘以專注的強度；以及最后一段"Pseudo-workingfeaturesaverylowintensityoffocus.Therefore,toachievesomethingbypseudo-working.youneedtospendalotoftime.Thestraight-Aapproach.ontheotherhand,increasesintensityinordertouselesstime."偽學(xué)習(xí)的特點是聚焦強度很低。因此，通過偽學(xué)習(xí)來達到目的，你需要花很多時間。而全A學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方法是增加聚焦強度以減少時間?？芍髡卟⒉恢С?偽學(xué)習(xí)"，作者更加支持通過減少時間增加專注度的方法，故推測作者列出公式是為了強調(diào)"專注強度"的重要性。故選C?！敬鸢浮?2．D13．D14．A15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論證了練習(xí)可能無法至完美，但刻意練習(xí)已經(jīng)被證明能帶來明顯的提高?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關(guān)信息，就可以確定正確答案。12．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段"HegavetheexamplesofthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftco-creatorBillGates.Althoughtheyallseemedtohavelotsofnaturaltalent,theyalsoclearlyputinover10,000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful."他舉了披頭士樂隊和微軟聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人比爾·蓋茨的例子。盡管他們似乎都很有天賦，但他們顯然也在成功之前花了1萬多小時的練習(xí)，可知，Gladwell以樂隊和微軟聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人為例子論證他的1萬小時理論。故選D。13．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Ericssonsaidthatjustpractisingalotwasnotenough;thetypeandqualityofpracticewasalsoessential."Ericsson表示，僅僅大量練習(xí)是不夠的；練習(xí)的類型和質(zhì)量也至關(guān)重要。可知，Gladwell認(rèn)為練習(xí)的時長重要，但Ericssion認(rèn)為練習(xí)的類型和質(zhì)量也很重要。故選D。14．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"Infact,amorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel."事實上，普林斯頓大學(xué)最近的一項研究表明，練習(xí)只占達到專家水平因素的26%。可知，一個人能否在某個方面達到專家水平，練習(xí)只占很小的一部分。故選A。15．考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的"Sodoesenoughpracticeliterallyleadtoperfection,oratleasttoalevelofexpertise?"足夠的練習(xí)真的能達到完美嗎？或者至少能達到專長的水平；以及最后一段中的"Inconclusion,practicemaynotmakeperfect,butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadtosignificantimprovement."練習(xí)可能無法至完美，但刻意練習(xí)已經(jīng)被證明能帶來明顯的提高?？芍?，文章在探討練習(xí)是否能至完美。"熟真的能生巧"適合做文章的標(biāo)題，故選B?！敬鸢浮?6．D；17．A；18．G；19．C；20．F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了云存儲是一種靈活、方便、完全放心的數(shù)據(jù)存儲方式。它有很多優(yōu)點，但也有唯一缺點是你需要互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來訪問文件。

【點評】考查七選五，本文是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據(jù)空前"Cloudstorageisaflexibleandconvenientwaytostoredatawithcompletepeaceofmind."云存儲是一種靈活、方便、完全放心的數(shù)據(jù)存儲方式?？芍榻B了云存儲是一種存儲方式；以及空后"Thismeansyoucanstoreallyourdigitalthingsremotely,withouttakingupspaceonyourcomputer.Therearetwooptionsavailable:publiccloudstorageallowsyoutosharehostingspacewithotherusers;privatecloudstorageistheidealchoiceforcompanieswhowanttohavetheirdatastoredintheirownenvironment.”這意味著你可以遠(yuǎn)程存儲所有的數(shù)字物品，而不會占用電腦空間。有兩種選擇:公共云存儲允許您與其他用戶共享托管空間;私有云存儲是希望將數(shù)據(jù)存儲在自己環(huán)境中的公司的理想選擇?？芍?，Thismeans是指前面云儲存的將數(shù)據(jù)存儲在托管服務(wù)器上的方式。D.Itenablesyoutostoreyourdataonhostedservers.“它使您能夠?qū)?shù)據(jù)存儲在托管服務(wù)器上。”符合語境。it指代前面的cloudstorage，故選D。17．根據(jù)空后"Onceyouhaveregisteredandsetupyouraccount,yousimplysaveyourfilesviatheinternetusingyourusernameandpassword."一旦你注冊并設(shè)置了你的賬戶，你只需使用你的用戶名和密碼通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)保存你的文件。可知，這里解釋了云存儲操作簡單。A.Cloudstorageisverysimpletouse.“云存儲使用起來非常簡單?！狈险Z境。故選A。18．根據(jù)空前"Whenyousignuptocloudstorage,youcanchoosetheamountofspaceyouneed.”當(dāng)您注冊云存儲時，您可以選擇所需的空間量。可知，用戶可以在云存儲選擇空間量的大小。G.Youcanstartwithasmallamountandincreasethestoragesizelateron.“你可以從少量開始，然后增加存儲空間?！狈险Z境。故選G。19．根據(jù)空前"Isitbetterthanyourcomputeroranexternaldrive?Theanswerisadefiniteyes.Computerscrashallthetime.Thisisthemostcommoncauseoflostworkandmemories."它比你的電腦或外接硬盤好嗎?答案是肯定的。電腦總是死機。這是丟失工作和記憶最常見的原因。可知，云存儲比電腦和外接硬盤好，先指出電腦缺點，后面要說外部硬盤的缺點。C.Externalharddr