《IT專業(yè)英語》課件UNIT20

UNIT20

MobileBroadband(MBB)Technologies

20-1TechnicalPart20-2ReadingMaterial

20-1TechnicalPart

20-1-1Definition

MobilebroadbandisthemarketingtermforwirelessInternetaccessthroughaportablemodem,mobilephone(called“cellphones”inNorthAmericaandSouthAfrica),USBWirelessModem,orothermobiledevices.20-1-2Introductions

WiththearrivalofnewGSMmobilecommunications,wirelessmobiledatatelecommunicationprogressivelyappliesinmoreandmorefields.AccordingtodatafromtheInternationalTelecommunicationUnion,mobilebroadbandpenetrationworldwidewasabout65percenthigherthanfixedbroadbandpenetrationin2010,butitwas1,400percenthigherinAfricancountries.

Abarriertomobilebroadbandwasthecoveragethemobilephonenetworkscanprovide.Inmanyareascustomerswillnotbeabletoachievethespeedsadvertisedduetomobiledatacoveragelimitations.Inaddition,thereareissueswithconnectivity,networkcapacity,applicationquality,andmobilenetworkoperators'overallinexperiencewithdatatraffic.

Demandfromemergingmarketsfueledgrowthinmobilebroadband.Withoutawidespreadfixedlineinfrastructure,manyemergingmarketsleapfrogdevelopedmarketsandusemobilebroadbandtechnologiestodeliverhigh-speedinternetaccesstothemassmarket.

Mobileinternet,whichhadjustbeenadistantdreamtillafewyearsago,isprogressingsofasttodaythatitisrevolutionizingtheentireframeworkofcommunicationtechnologytoday.Mobileinternetisbasicallyanextensionoftheinternetonmobiledeviceswhichallowstheuserstoaccessinternetevenwhiletheyareonamove.Itisshowingsomekindsofsmartdevicesinfigure20-1.Figure20-1Somemodernsmartphones

Mobileinternetisalotmorethanthat.Itisanintegrationoftelecommunicationtechnologiesandinternetinsuchawaythatitprovidessolutionstoalltypesofcommunicationrequirementsofmantoday.Withtheamountofprogresswhichhasbeenachievedinwirelesstechnology,sophisticatedsoftwareandhardwaredesign,thewaywecommunicatehaschangedinquiteamajorway.

Inthelastfewyears,notonlyhastheuseofcellphonesincreasedinquiteadramaticway,butthewaythatpeopleprefertocommunicateandstayintouchwiththeworldhaschangedtoo.Peopletodayarealwaysonthemove,andforthisreason,thebestwaytostayintouchwithothersisthroughmobileinternet.Today,withhightechnologycellphoneswhichsupportnumerousinternetfunctions,peopleareusingtheirfavoritesocialnetworkingsiteslikeFacebookandTwitterwhiletheyareonthemoveaswecanseeinFigure20-2.

TheglobalthirdGenerationPartnershipProject(3GPP)familyofstandardswhichincludesGSM,EDGE,WCDMA,HSPAandLTEisthemostwidespreadwaytodelivermobilebroadband.3GPPstandardsareservingabout90percentoftheworld’smobilesubscribers.Figure20-2Usefulapplicationsinsamrtphones

Mobilebroadbandsubscribershit500millionin2010,attheendof2011Ericssonpredicteditwillbedoubledtoabillion.400millioncomefromAsiaPacificregion,followedbyNorthAmericaandWesternEuropewithmorethan200millionsubscriptionseach.

IntheUnitedKingdom,asteeringgroupknownasDigitalBritainwassetup,withtheaimofpromotingdigitaltelecommunicationsinOctober2008.Theconclusionofthesteeringgroupwasarecommendationthatthegovernmenttookup,namelytohave100%broadbandcoverage,withaminimumspeedof2MbpsintheUnitedKingdombytheyear2012.Mobile“broadband”?using3Gisnownotexpectedtobeabletoensure2Mbit/sbroadbandcoveragetothemoreremoteareasoftheUKascoverageistoopoorandcontentiontoohigh.20-1-3ApplicationCaseorExample

3Gnetworkshavetakenthisapproachtoahigherlevel,usingdifferentunderlyingtechnologybutthesameprinciples.Theyroutinelyprovidespeedsover300kbit/s.Duetothenowincreasedinternetspeed;internetconnectionsharingviaWLANhasbecomeaworkablereality.Deviceswhichallowinternetconnectionsharingorothertypesofroutingoncellularnetworksarecalledalsocellularrouters.

Afurtherevolutionisthe3.5GtechnologyHSDPA,whichprovidesspeedsofmultipleMegabitspersecond.Severalofthemobilenetworkoperatorsthatprovide3Gorfasterwirelessinternetaccessofferplansandwirelessmodemsthatenablecomputerstoconnecttoandaccesstheinternet.ThesewirelessmodemsaretypicallyintheformofasmallUSBbaseddeviceorasmall,portablemobilehotspotthatactsasaWiFiaccesspoint(hotspot)toenablemultipledevicestoconnecttotheinternet.WiMAXbasedservicesthatprovidehighspeedwirelessinternetaccessareavailableinsomecountriesandalsorelyonwirelessmodemsthatconnecttotheprovider’swirelessnetwork.

Mobilephones,smartphones,andPDAscanbeemployedasdatamodemstoformawirelessaccesspointconnectingapersonalcomputertotheInternet(orsomeproprietarynetwork).Inthisusethemobilephoneisprovidingagatewaybetweenthecellularserviceprovider’sdatanetworktechnologyandPoint-to-PointProtocol(PPP)spokenbyPCs.

AlmostallcurrentmobilephonemodelssupporttheHayescommandset,astandardmethodofcontrollingmodems.TothePC,thephoneappearslikeanexternalmodemwhenconnectedviaserialcable,USB,IrDAinfraredorBluetoothwireless.Somecellularprovidersforbidthiskindofusage,orchargeanextrafee.

WirelessFireWire,USBandSerialmodemsarealsousedintheWi-FiandWiMAXstandards,operatingatmicrowavefrequencies,togivealaptop,PDAordesktopcomputeranaccesspointtoanetwork.ThemodemsmaybeaslargeasaregularcablemodemtoassmallasadongleorUSB-stick.IfcombinedwithVoiceoverIP(VoIP)technology,thesecomputingdevicescanmakeandreceivetelephonecalls.Figure20-3Wirelessmodemforinternet

PCMCIA,ExpressCardandCompactFlashmodemswerealsoused.Thesecard-modemscouldalsohaveGPSincluded.Figure20-3showthewirelessrouterforbrowseinternet.

20-2ReadingMaterial

20-2-1ReadingComprehension

MobileBroadbandTechnology-SpeedOntheGo

Mobilebroadbandtechnologyisthenextgenerationevolutionwhichchangedthewayhowwecommunicated.Basically,withthehelpofmobilebroadband,thecomputeruserscansurftheinternet,sendandreceiveemailfromanywheretheylikeevenoutsidetheirhome.

Mobilebroadbandworksonthesametechnologyonwhichcellphoneswork.Itisallabouttheradiofrequenciesandwaves.Thecellphoneradiotowersandcellphonessendpacketsofinformationbackandforththroughradiowaves.Forcellphonebroadband,theinformationpacketscanbedatalikestreamingvideo,musicfiles,webpagesande-mails.

Basically,therearetwotechnologieswhichareusedtooperatethenetworksofcellphones-CDMA(Codedivisionmultipleaccess)andGSM(GlobalSystemformobilecommunications).GSMisquitepopularinAsiaandEuropewhileCDMAispopularintheUS.Therearequitemajordifferencesbetweenthesesystemsandthewaythattheyoperate.Bothoftheseusedifferenttypesofalgorithmswhichallowseveralcellphoneuserstosharethesamefrequencywithoutinterferingtheusageofothers.

Mobilebroadbandisknownasthirdgenerationmobiletechnologyor3G.CDMAandGSMbothhavetheir3Gtechnologysolutionsforallowinguserstodeliverhighspeedaccesstotheinternetonmobiledevices.

Mobileinternetandbroadbandtechnologyisthenewtrendincellphoneusers.Peopleprefertolistentomusic,watchvideos,sendandreceiveemailsandcommunicatetoeachotherwhiletheyareonthemove,andtobeabletodothattheyneedmobilebroadbandormobileinternet.Withsomanypeoplehookedontothevirtualworldandthemobiletechnologies,thereisnodoubtthattherewouldstillbemanymoredevelopmentsinthisfield.

Inthepast15years,theinternethasfundamentallychangedthewaywework,playandcommunicate.Evolvingwirelessandmobilebroadbandtechnologiesarenowenablingthenextmajorwave—theMobileInternet.Thenext-generationMobileInternetwillenableconsumersandbusinessestoconnectandaccessnewtypesofapplicationsandnewformsofinformationwhereverandwhenevertheywant.ThedevelopmentofthisnewMobileInternetmarketplacehasjustbegun.

Inthenextdecade,theexpansionoftheMobileInternet

willlikelybethefastestgrowingmarketplaceinthetelecommunicationsindustry.

Words&Expressions

evolutionn.演變；進(jìn)化論；進(jìn)展

broadbandn.寬頻；寬波段

frequencien.頻率(frequency的復(fù)數(shù)形式)；頻數(shù)分析；次數(shù)分配表

streamingn.流；(英)按能力分組

v.流動(stream的ing形式)

multipleadj.多重的；多樣的；許多的

algorithmsn.算法；算法式(algorithm的復(fù)數(shù))

frequencyn.頻率；頻繁

virtualadj.虛擬的；[物]有效的；實(shí)質(zhì)上的，事實(shí)上的

fundamentallyadv.根本地，從根本上；基礎(chǔ)地

wirelessn.無線電

applicationsn.應(yīng)用；應(yīng)用程序；應(yīng)用軟件(application的復(fù)數(shù))

formsn.表格(form的復(fù)數(shù)形式)；表單；窗體

marketplacen.市場；商場；市集

expansionn.膨脹；闡述；擴(kuò)張物

industry.n.勤勞，勤奮；孜孜不倦；[總稱]工業(yè)(指區(qū)別于農(nóng)業(yè))

usagen.使用；用法；慣例

interferingadj.干涉的；多管閑事的

v.妨礙(interfer的ing形式)20-2-2Exercises

I.?MultipleChoices.

1.?Mobilebroadbandisallabout_________.

A.?Electricity

B.?the

radio

frequencies

C.?Waves

D.?medium

2.For

cell

phone

broadband,

the

information

packets

can

be

data

like____.

A.?streaming

video

B.?music

files

C.?web

pages

D.?e-mails

3.?What

is

the

new

trend

in

cell

phone

users?

A.?Lowcost.

B.?Mobile

internet.

C.?Advertisingeffect.

D.?Broadband

technology.

4.?Whichofthebelowdescriptionof

Mobile

internet

and

broadband

technologyisNOTCORRECTaccordingthepassage?

A.?Many

people

don’tliketohooked

on

to

the

virtual

world

and

the

mobile

technologies.

B.?Itwould

still

be

many

more

developments

in

this

field.

C.?Peopleprefertolistentomusic,watchvideos,sendandreceiveemailsbymobilebroadbandormobileinternet.

D.?Mobileinternetandbroadbandhelppeoplecommunicatetoeachotherwhiletheyareonthemove.

5.?WhichofthebelowdescriptionisNOTCORRECTaccordingthe

passage?

A.?Inthepast15years,theinternethasfundamentallychangedthewaywework,playandcommunicate.

B.?Thenext-generationMobileInternetwillenableconsumersandbusinessestoconnectandaccessnewtypesofappli