仁愛英語九年級期末復習綱要

...wd......wd......wd...九年級上期末復習綱要---英語考試時間：1月底一、考試知識點梳理及典型例題：考點一：現(xiàn)在完成時的概念應用1.構(gòu)造:=1\*GB3①肯定句：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞〔done〕+其他注意：have/has在該構(gòu)造中是助動詞，無實際含義，相應的句型轉(zhuǎn)換使用have/has來變化=2\*GB3②否認句：主語+haven’t/hasn’t+動詞的過去分詞〔done〕+其他=3\*GB3③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞〔done〕+其他?=4\*GB3④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+動詞的過去分詞〔done〕+其他?2.概念：〔1〕現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果〔多從上下文，語義上判斷有無影響，一般無時間狀語〕。〔2〕表示從過去開場一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)?！渤Ｅc表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的狀語，如for+時間段；since+過去時間點/一般過去時的句子；since+時間段+ago連用〕【注意】have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeento不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，而have/hasbeento可以。3.標志詞：for+時間段；since+過去時間點/一般過去時的句子；since+時間段+ago；yet/already/ever/never/before;thesedays等做題技巧：找標志詞和通過定義判斷與動詞與現(xiàn)在有無關系，翻譯要準確〔注意延續(xù)非延續(xù)動詞，非延續(xù)性動詞不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，見考點三〕典型例題：1.Wow!You______dinner!Let’seatnow.〔2017年河北省中考題〕A.cookB.arecookingC.willcookD.havecooked2.Ourforeignteacher,Andy,_______Englishsince2001.〔2017年邯鄲一?！矨.hastaughtB.isteachingC.willteachD.teaches3.LiHonghas_______thearmyfortwoyears.〔2016年保定一?！矨.joinedB.beinC.beeninD.joinedin考點二：：before,just,never,ever,already,yet常用于現(xiàn)在完成時，用法如下：副詞justeverneveralreadyyetbefore含義剛剛在任何時候，從來從不已經(jīng)否認句“還〞疑問句“已經(jīng)〞以前常用句型陳述句疑問句陳述句疑問句否認句陳述句疑問句肯定陳述句否認句疑問句多種句型常見位置謂語動詞前謂語動詞前謂語動詞前謂語動詞前或者句尾句尾句尾注意：still“仍，還〞；still不用于現(xiàn)在完成時中。典型例題：()1.ThisisthemostbeautifulparkIhave_____visited.A.ever B.still C.never D.been()2.—Haveyoufoundyourlostbook_____?—No,Ihaven’t.already B.yet C.still D.once()3.—Haveyoucleanedyourroom_____?—Yes,I’ve_____cleanedit.already,already B.yet,yetC.already,yet D.yet,already()4—Haveyouheardfromhim_______?—Yes,Ihave.I’ve_______heardfromhim.〔月考題〕A.yet;alreadyB.already;yetC.yet;justnowD.still;ever考點三：考察since和for用在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法?，F(xiàn)在完成時用法二：表示過去已經(jīng)開場，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也許還要繼續(xù)下去。常與for或since引導的時間狀語連用。這時必須使用延續(xù)性動詞。I’veknownLiLeiforthreeyears.We’velivedheresince2001.△注意：since和for的區(qū)別由于since和for引導的時間都是持續(xù)性的一段時間。Since后接過去的一個時間點，也可以接“一段時間+ago〞，還可以接從句。而for后只接時間段。注意：1.表示短暫性的動詞在否認構(gòu)造中可用現(xiàn)在完成時。例：Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwomonths.2.表示短暫性的動詞完成時態(tài)不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，但是可以把短暫動詞變成延續(xù)動詞。eg:come-----beleave-----beawayfrombuy------havedie------bedeadbegin---beonborrow---keepclose------beclosedfallill-----beillcatchacold----haveacoldgettoknow---knowmarry----bemarriedjoin-----beamemberof\beinIhavecometoBeijingforhalfayear.(F)IhavebeeninBeijingforhalfayear.(T)Hehaslefthomeforovertwoweeks(F)Hehasbeenawayfromhomeforovertwoweeks(T)典型例題：()1.—WhendidtheGreenscometoChina?—They_____Chinaforsevenyears.A.havecometo B.havebeento C.havecomein D.havebeenin()2.Hurry

up!The

play__________fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.

hadbegunC.

hasbeenonD.

began()3.—Howlonghashe_____fromhome?—Foreightdays.left B.beenaway C.beaway D.leave()4.LiHonghas_______thearmyfortwoyears.〔2016年保定一?！矨.joinedB.beinC.beeninD.joinedin考點四：考察現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在完成時一般過去時構(gòu)造have/has+done(過去分詞)Was/were/did時間狀語常與just,already,ever,never等副詞和thesedays,sofar,recently,inrecentyears,inthepastfewyears,since+時間點,for+時間段等表示一段時間的狀語連用。一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,lastweek,twoyearsago,justnow,in2002，inthepast等；注意不用when引導的疑問句連用,可以與where,why引導的疑問句連用對一段時間提問用“Howlong〞可以與when引導的疑問句連用典型例題：()1.—HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing—_____Fiveyearsago.B.Sincefiveyearsago. C.Forfiveyearsago.D.Sincefiveyears.()2.—Haveyouseenmybrother?—Yes.I_____himinthelibraryfiveminutesago.A.met B.havemet C.meet D.havebeenmet()3.—_____you_____yourhomeworkyet?—Yes,I_____ittenminutesago.A.Did,do,finished B.Have,done,havefinishedC.Have,done,finished D.Will,do,finish()4.Wow!You______dinner!Let’seatnow.〔2017年河北省中考題〕A.cookB.arecookingC.willcookD.havecooked()5.Paulaispleasedthatshe_______herlostwatch.〔2015年河北省中考題〕A.findsB.foundC.hasfoundD.willfind()6.MissZhang,themostbeautifulteacher,______manyflowersandlettersthesedays.〔2012河北中考〕A.receivedB.willreceiveC.wasreceivingD.hasreceived考點五：so引導的完全倒裝句(Unit1Topic2)構(gòu)造：so+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語表示“……也是一樣〞，意為“A如此，B也如此。〞Heisanhonestboy,andsoamI.他是一個老實的男孩，我也是。Hesawthekites,andsodidI.他看見那些風箏了，我也看到了。HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.他去過北京，我也去過。〔現(xiàn)在完成時，其助動詞是have/has〕注意：此句型只用于肯定句。否認句要用“neither/nor+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語〞。如：—Hecant’tspeakRussian.他不會講俄語?！狽either/NorcanI.我也不會講俄語。辨析：so＋主語＋be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞此句型不是倒裝句，只是單純地重復前面一句的意思，表示“確實如此、就是這樣〞。典型例題：()1.—HaveyourparentsbeentoRussia?—Yes.So_____I.do B.havebeen C.did D.have()2.—Ihavenevervisitedapaperfactory.—_____A.SohaveI. B.SoIhave. C.NeitherhaveI. D.Ihaven’tnow.()3.—Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.—_____,and_____.A.Sohehas,soyouhave B.Sohehas,sohaveyouC.Sohashe,sohaveyou D.Sohashe,soyouhave考點六：考察分數(shù)的表達法，其構(gòu)造是分子為基數(shù)詞，分母為序數(shù)詞，分子大于1時，分母加s。分數(shù)+of+名詞可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)謂語動詞用復數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞謂語動詞用單數(shù)典型例題：()1.Therearesixtyteachersinourschool._____ofthemarewomen.Twothird B.Twothrees C.Twothirds D.Secondthree()2.Inourclass_____ofthestudents_____girls.A.thirdfifths,is B.thirdfifth,are C.threefifth,is D.threefifths,are()3.oflandwater.A.Twothird,is B.Twothirds ,are C.Twothirds ,is D.Twothirds,was考點七：反意疑問句：構(gòu)造：陳述句+簡短問句前肯定，后否認前否認，后肯定考察反意疑問句中簡短問句局部的時態(tài)和人稱的單復數(shù)要與陳述句局部一致。典型例題：練：1.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,_____?A.sothey

B.don'tthey

C.havethey

D.haven'tthey2.He’sreadthisbookbefore,________?A.hasn’the

B.doesn’theC.isn’the

D.wasn’the考點八：不定代詞和副詞不定代詞：不指明替代任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。大多數(shù)不定代詞在句中可以做主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語?？蓴?shù)不可數(shù)許多manymuchalotof,lotsof,plentyof一些some,anyafewalittle幾乎沒有fewlittle每個任何一個全都都不另一個指兩者eacheitherbothneither(the)other兩者以上each/everyanyallNone/noanothersome-any-no-every-人someoneanyonenoone/noneeveryonesomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody物somethinganythingnothingeverything典型例題：()1.Asweknow,_____ofuslikespollution.noone B.none C.someone D.nothing()2.—Mike,where’stoday’snewspaper?—Well,youdon’tneedtoreaditbecausethereis_____init.A.somethinginteresting B.nothingspecial C.importantthing D.anythingnew()3._____iswatchingTV.Let’sturnifoff.Somebody B.AnybodyC.Everybody D.Nobody()4.Youdon’thaveadrink.CanIgetyou_____?〔2013年河北中考〕A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything()5.Thereis______wrongwithmybike.Canyoulendmeyours?〔2016唐山一?！硈omethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing()6.Wehavetwocomputersathome,but_____workswell.〔2016年唐山一?！矨.noneB.eitherC.neitherD.both()7.Iaskedtwostudentsthewaytothepostoffice,but_____ofthemknew.〔2016年保定一?！矨.bothB.eitherC.noneD.neither考點八：連詞1.and表示并列或順承關系or表示選擇關系,或者表示“否則〞while表示比照，對照詞語新增用法備注andand,

or連接的并列句前半局部是祈使句，后半局部是一般將來時的陳述句時，前半局部相當于由if引導的條件狀語從句；and可以不翻譯；or常譯成“否則〞orwhile連接兩個并列句，兩個句子構(gòu)成比照；構(gòu)造相似；內(nèi)容比照；but連接兩個表示轉(zhuǎn)折的并列句；注意與while(表比照)的區(qū)別；典型例題：1.It’sgoingtorain.You’dbettertakeanumbrella_____youmaygetwet.【長沙】A.or B.and C.but2.Ericarrivedontime,______itwastherushhour.【河北】A.although B.because C.while D.unless3.Dianaisn’there,______leaveamessageonherdesk.【河北】A.or B.so C.and D.but4.Don’trunintheclassroom,______youmayhurtyourself.【陜西】A.andB.orC.butD.so5.I’dliketogowithyou,______I’mtoobusy.【北京】A.or B.and C.so D.but6.

He

likes

football

_____

I

like

baseball.

A.althoughB.becauseC.while D.unless7.—Iamreallysorry,______Ican’tgoswimmingwithyouthisSunday.—It’sOK,wecangotogethernexttime.so B.and C.or D.butVictoria,hurryup!_______wecan’tarrivethereontime.〔2016河北中考〕A.OrB.SoC.ButD.And9.Hurryup,_______wewillmissthetrain.〔2016唐山一?！矨.butB.andC.orD.so2.都任何都不兩者botheitherneither三者或以上allanynone=1\*GB3①both...and...意為“兩者都；既···又···〞〔連接主語時謂語用復數(shù)〕e.g.BothKangkangandSusannaareinthatschool.(連接主語〕e.g.IcanbothspeakandwriteEnglish.〔連接謂語〕e.g.IcanspeakbothEnglishandFrench.(連接賓語〕注意：both...and...的否認用neither...nore.g.HecanspeakneitherEnglishnorFrench.=2\*GB3②neither...nor意為“兩者都不；既不···也不···〞?！矁烧叨疾弧砮.g.NeitherhenorIamfromChina.(連接主語，謂語動詞與鄰近的主語單復數(shù)保持一致〕e.g.IneitherlikeplayingcomputergamesnorlikewatchingTV.(連接謂語〕=3\*GB3③either...or...意為“或···或···；是···還是···；不是···就是···〞〔兩者之一〕e.g.Eitheryouorhegoestoschoolbybike.(連接主語，謂語動詞與鄰近的主語單復數(shù)保持一致〕e.g.Youcaneithergotoschoolorstayathome.(連接謂語〕=4\*GB3④notonly...butalso...意為“不但···而且···〞e.g.NotonlyyoubutalsohespeakJapaneseinourclass.(連接主語，謂語動詞與鄰近的主語單復數(shù)保持一致〕e.g.TomnotonlyspeaksEnglishbutalsospeaksJapaneseatschool.(連接謂語〕典型例題：NotonlymyfriendsbutalsoI_______interestedinfootballandMessiisourfavouritestar.A,beB,amC,isD,are---Tim,howdoyourparentslikepopmusic?---_____mydad______mymomlikesit.Theybothpreferclassicalmusic.Either...or...B.Neither...norC.Notonly...butalsoD.Both...and---WhereareyougoingtostaywhenyougettoShanghai?---Imaylive_______inahotel______inafriend’shouse.both;andB,either;orC,neither;norD,notonly;butalsoWehavetwocomputersathome,but_____workswell.〔2016年唐山一?！矨.noneB.eitherC.neitherD.both5.Iaskedtwostudentsthewaytothepostoffice,but_____ofthemknew.〔2016年保定一模〕A.bothB.eitherC.noneD.neither考點九：被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：動作承受者+am/is/are+動詞過去分詞+by+動作執(zhí)行者。Englishisspokenbymanypeople.很多人都說英語。Historyismadebythepeople.歷史是人民創(chuàng)造的。EnglishisspokenasthemainlanguageinAmerican.SpanishisspokenastheofficiallanguageinCuba.△被動語態(tài)的句型總結(jié)如下：①肯定句:主語+be+過去分詞+(by~~).TheboyiscalledJack.②否認句:主語+benot+過去分詞+(by~~).Thebabyisnotlookedafterbyhisfather.③一般疑問句:Be+主語+過去分詞+(by~~)?IsKingLearwrittenbyShakespeare?④特殊疑問句:特殊疑詞+be+過去分詞+(by~~)?Whatisthiskindofsweatermadeof?典型例題：Englishiswidelyusedaroundtheworld.Englishisnotwidelyusedaroundtheworld.〔改為否認句〕—IsEnglishwidelyusedaroundtheworld?〔改為一般疑問句〕—Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.〔答復〕WhyisEnglishusedwidely?一般過去時的被動語態(tài)was/were+過去分詞典型例題：1.Hangzhou________astheCityofSilk.Touristslikeshoppingforsilkthere.〔2017年河北中考A.knowsB.isknownC.wasknownD.willbeknown2.Emilyisgladthatshe________forherhonestyatthatmeeting.〔2016年河北中考〕A.praisesB.praisedC.ispraisedD.waspraised3.Everybody______deeplyaftertheyheardthestory.〔2015河北中考〕A.movesB.movedC.ismovedD.wasmoved4.Tomysurprise,thefamousathlete’sstory________differentlyinthenewspaper.A,wasreportedB,reportedC,wasreportingD,reports5.---Mr.King_______bythereportersyesterday.---He’sgreat!Hehelpedsomanydisabledpeople.A,wasinterviewedB,isinterviewedC,isinterviewing6.WhenTim_______whyhewaslateforschool,hejustkeptsilent.A,wasaskedB,askedC,wasaskingD,isasked7.Thepetdogiswarmandloving.It______asadaughterofmyfamily.〔2014河北中考〕A.treatsB.treatedC.istreatedD.wastreated8.Annie______totheparty.Shehadawonderfultimewithme.〔2013年河北中考〕A.invitesB.isinvitedC.wasinvitedD.hasinvited一般將來時的被動語態(tài)根本構(gòu)造：will+be+過去分詞典型例題：Ifitisn’tfinethisweekend,ourspringfieldtrip________.A,iscancelledB,wascancelledC,willbecancelledAnewhospital_______inmytownnextyear.A,buildsB,builtC,isbuiltD,willbebuilt3.Moremoney_______whenweusebothsidesofpaper.〔2012河北中考〕A.willsaveB.wassavedC.hassavedD.willbesaved考點十：用現(xiàn)在進展時表示將來“am/is/are+doing〞是現(xiàn)在進展時的構(gòu)造，通常表示“現(xiàn)在〞這是時間里“正在〞發(fā)生的動作。但是表示暫時性動作的動詞，通常情況下，用現(xiàn)在進展時表示將來。常用此方式表達將來的動詞有come,go,arrive,leave,start,fly〔乘飛機〕,die等。這類詞往往不用begoingto/will的構(gòu)造典型例題：1.—ThereisgoingtobeanimportantmeetinginBeijingnextweek.〔模擬題〕—That’sright.Andmyboss______forBeijingtoattendit.A.leftB.wasleavingC.isleavingD.leaves.2.—Excuseme,whereareyougoingtomorrow?〔月考題〕—I_______Shanghai.A.amleavingforB.amgoingtoleaveC.amleavingD.leavefor注意：leave,leavefor的區(qū)別3.---Mycar______.Couldyoupleasegivemearidetomorrow?---I’msorryIcan’t.I’m________Londontomorrowmorning.A,isnew;leavingB,hasbrokendown;leavingforC,broke;leavingforD,isexpensive;leaving4.---MyfatherandI_______Shanghaitomorrow.---Haveagoodtrip!A,areleavingforB,amleavingforC,areleavingtoD,areleaving考點十一：疑問詞+不定式構(gòu)造重難點：注意區(qū)分whattodo和howtodoit的不同，該構(gòu)造是一個省略了主語的簡單構(gòu)造，但是必須有謂語動詞，如果謂語是及物動詞，則必須接賓語；這就是為什么whattodo〔do的賓語為〔what〕正確，而howtodo后面必須加it才正確；典型例題：〔1〕—Doyouknow_______?〔月考題〕—At8:00a.m.A.whototalkwithB.whentohaveameetingC.whattodonextD.wheretogoswimming〔2〕Thesetwowatchesarebothnice.Ican’tdecide_______.A.tobuywhichoneB.whichonetobuyC.howtobuyD.whattobuy考點十二：定語從句定義：在復合句中作定語，修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句，叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，通常位于定語從句之前。引導定語從句的是關系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose和關系副詞when,where,why。關系代詞或關系副詞位于先行詞和定語從句之間，它既起連接作用，又充當從句中的一個成分。含定語從句的復合句的根本構(gòu)造：先行詞+關系詞+定語從句。本單元只需掌握關系代詞作主語的情況。關系詞作用能否省略先行詞that,who主語否人that,which主語否物that主語否人和物典型例題：Thetwohighschoolstudents_______foughtbravelyagainstbadpersonsonthebusinJiangxiwerehighlypraised.A,whoB,whomC,whichD,whoseTherearesomewords_______cancrosscountriesandcultures,suchas“OK〞,“Huh〞and“mama〞.A,whatB,whichC,/D.WhomYesterdaywasmybirthday.Igotawatch_______wasmadeinSwitzerland〔瑞士〕.A,whoB,thatC,whereD,whom---Doyouknowthelittleboy______ishelpingtheoldmancrosstheroad?---No.Buthowniceheis!A,whichB,whoC,whomD/Theplanet_______lookslikearedandorangeballisMars.〔月考題〕A.whoB.whichC.thatD.BandC備注：加粗的地方為重點，請大家格外注意。二、易錯點()1.—Hello!MayIspeaktoAlice? —Sorry,she_____Shanghai. A.havegoneto B.hasbeento C.hasbeenin D.hasgoneto()2.—Haveyou_____haddumplings? —No,not_____. A.ever,yet B.ever,ever C.yet,yet D.yet,ever()3.Ididn’thave_____tosay,soIsaid_____. A.something,anything B.anything,nothing C.anything,something D.nothing,something()4.—Chinahasalargepopulation. —So________.So_______India. A.doesit;has B,itdoes;does C,ithas;isD,isit;does()5.Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,_____ofus_____football. A.twothird,likes B.twothree,like C.twothirds,likes D.twothirds,like()6._______Ihadnotimetotravel,_______Istillfeltveryhappy.A.Though;butB.Though;/C.Though;soD.So;but()7.Weshouldoftenkeep_____touchwitheachother,becausewearegoodfriends. A.on B.to C.in D.up()8.Moreandmoretreeswerecutdown._____,manyanimalsaredyingout. A.Intheend B.Sothat C.Asaresult D.Atlast()9.—Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom? —_____Idon’tknowwheretheyhavegone. A.Noone. B.None. C.Nobody. D.Nothing.()10.—We’llmakeatriptoHainanIslandnextweekend.Willyougowithus? —No,Ican’t_____itatpresent. 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