2019屆高考英語-基礎(chǔ)保分篇-第三講-冠詞講義-新人教版

李仕才讀語篇，悟語法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線黑體部分的冠詞用法。Tom，a[1]classmateofmine,isa[2]LeiFenginourclass,whoisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Henry,whosefatherisa[3]teacher,isconsideredtobethe[4]mostdiligentstudentinourclass,whoisthefirstonetogettoschoolandthe[5]lastonetoleaveeveryday.Hebelievestheharderyoustudythe[6]moreknowledgeyou’llget.TomlikeswatchingTVwhileHenryenjoyslisteningtothe[7]radio.Bothofthemareworkingforthe[8]Students’Union.Theyareofan[9]ageandIama[10]yearolderthantheyare.Wearegoodfriendsbecausewehavea[11]lotincommon.Firstofall,thethreeofuswereborninthe[12]1990s.Secondly,wealllikeplayingthe[13]violinandlovesports.Weplayfootballtwicea[14]weekevenifwearenowinSeniorGradeThree.Thirdly,wenotonlyrespectteachersandtheelderlybutalsocareforthe[15]disabled.Forexample,weoftengotoavillagenearourschooltolookafterthe[16]Browns,bothofwhomwerelamedinanaccident.Irememberthatona[17]SaturdayafternoonwechattedwiththeBrownssohappilythatwedidn’tgobackhomeuntilthe[18]sunset.1．泛指的一個(gè)，用不定冠詞。2．表示“像……一樣的人”，用不定冠詞。3．職業(yè)身份前，表示類別，用不定冠詞。4．形容詞最高級前用定冠詞。5．序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞。6．構(gòu)成句式：themore...themore...(越……就越……)。7．表類屬。8．普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前用定冠詞。9．表示“同一”，用不定冠詞。10．表示數(shù)量“一”，用不定冠詞。11．構(gòu)成短語alot。12．在逢整數(shù)的基數(shù)詞前表示年代，用定冠詞。13．在表示演奏play后，西洋樂器名詞前，用定冠詞。14．表示“每一”，用不定冠詞。15．用在形容詞或分詞前表示一類人，用定冠詞。16．用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前表示某夫婦或一家人，用定冠詞。17．表示“某一”，用不定冠詞。18．在獨(dú)一無二的事物前，用定冠詞。Ⅰ.單句填空(用a，an或the填空)1．Isatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself.Wehad________amazingconversation.2．Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.________waterwassweet.3．Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnot________pleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeet...4．...theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto________smalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.anTheaa5．—It’ssaidthatJohnwillbeinajobpayingover$60,000________year.—Right,hewillalsogetpaidby________week.6．Takeyourtime—it’sjust________shortdistancefromhereto________restaurant.7．Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall,youneverget________secondchancetomake________firstimpression.8．Wecanneverexpect________bluerskyunlesswecreate________lesspollutedworld.9．Thisareaexperienced________heaviestrainfallin________monthofMay.10．Ittookusquitealongtimetogettotheamusementpark.Itwas________three--hourjourney.atheatheaaaathetheaⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)(下列每句中有一處錯(cuò)誤，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。)1．InChina,moreandmorechildrenarelearningtoplaypianonowadays._____________2．ThereisnodoubtthatlittleTomisahonestboy.____________3．Outofthecuriosity,heopenedthenovel._________________4．Ididn’thaveownroomtillmysisterleftforcollege.______________5．Themomenthesawher,heopenedarmsandhuggedher.______________在play后加thea→an去掉Outof后的the在own前加my在arms前加his6．Aselfie(自拍照)isatypeofself-portraitphotograph,typicallytakenwithhand-helddigitalcameraorcameraphone.____________7．Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswonderedwhataboywoulddo.______________________8．70%ofstudentssurveyedholdtheviewthatrulescanhelpthepublicmaketherightchoices,andremainsafe.__________________9．Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinsamehome？_______________10．KarlMarxbegantolearnEnglishinthefifties.____________在with后加a第二個(gè)boy前的a→the在students前加the在same前加thethe→hisⅢ.語篇填空(在空格處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~，使文章結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語意通順。)Todayourschoolorganizedallthestudentstotakepartin1.________reportatthemeetingroominourschool.Albert，2.________ordinaryman,deliveredaspeechonhowtolearnEnglish.Albert，3.________professorinBeijingUniversity,graduatedfrom4.________EnglishDepartmentofOxfordUniversityin1985.Hesaidweshouldform5.________habitofpreviewingEnglish,andthiswouldhelpustoperformwellinclass.WhenwestudyEnglishinclass,wemustbeearnestandactive.Ifso，wecanabsorb6.________largeamountofknowledge.Afterclass,weshouldreadmoreEnglishpassages,whichisimportantfortheEnglishlearners.Bydoingthis,wearenotonlyinformedwhathappensin7.________world，butwecanalsoreview8.________largenumberofformerwords.After9.________periodoftime,weshouldalsosortoutournotesandgooverwhatwehavelearned.In10.________word,Englishisn’tdifficulttolearn,aslongaswedowhathetoldus.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文主要是講同學(xué)們通過聽Albert教授的講座，學(xué)到了一些學(xué)習(xí)英語的方法。1．a(chǎn)

[泛指，是指一個(gè)報(bào)告。]2．a(chǎn)n

[ordinary是由元音音標(biāo)開頭，故用an。anordinaryman“一位普通人”。]3．a(chǎn)

[泛指，這里指Albert是北京大學(xué)的“一名”教授。]4．the

[由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前用定冠詞。]5．the

[受表示特指的of短語修飾，formthehabitof意為“養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣”。]6．a(chǎn)

[固定搭配alargeamountof意為“許多”，與不可數(shù)名詞連用。]7．the

[世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物要用定冠詞。]8．a(chǎn)

[固定搭配alargenumberof意為“許多”，與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用。]9．a(chǎn)

[aperiodof意為“一段時(shí)間”。]10．a(chǎn)

[固定搭配inaword意為“總之”。]第二課時(shí)高考研究課冠詞在語法填空中的考查點(diǎn)規(guī)律方法1.位置因素：名詞前，有時(shí)在形容詞前(表示一類人)。2．設(shè)題特點(diǎn)：該考查點(diǎn)常常以自由填空的形式出現(xiàn)。3．語境信息：在確定應(yīng)該填冠詞的前提下，根據(jù)語境分析所填冠詞的類型。4．牢記固定搭配中的冠詞。1．Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover________top.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)2．As________result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)3．Butunlikeherschoolfriends，16--year--oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-termresting.Instead，sheisearning￡6，500adayas________modelinNewYork.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)真題驗(yàn)證1the

[top是名詞，前面要用冠詞，此處特指在挖的路的上面，所以用定冠詞the。]a

[asaresult因此，為固定搭配。]a

[此處句意為“作為紐約的一名模特”，在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞model前應(yīng)該使用不定冠詞a，表示“一，一名”。]4．ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas________wonder.(2017·浙江卷)5．Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor________while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)6．Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed，________otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)a

[此處wonder為可數(shù)名詞，表示“奇跡，奇事”，此處為泛指，故要用不定冠詞a。]a

[短語搭配forawhile意為：一會(huì)兒。]the

[one...theother...意為：一個(gè)……；另外一個(gè)……。]7.________prizeforthewinnerofthecompetitionisatwo-weekholidayinParis.(2016·浙江卷改編)8.Mr.Johnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heowned________farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.(2015·廣東卷)9．Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic;heisverylikelytobe________Beethoven.(2015·四川卷改編)The

[名詞prize后有限制性定語，故應(yīng)使用the表示特指。]a

[由語境可知此處表示泛指

“一座農(nóng)場”。]a

[由語境可知此處表示泛指，aBeethoven意為“一個(gè)和貝多芬才華相當(dāng)?shù)娜恕?。]10.Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven________mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)the

[由most可知此處應(yīng)該填the，表示最高級。]冠詞在短文改錯(cuò)中的考查點(diǎn)規(guī)律方法1．定位分析：名詞前是否應(yīng)該有冠詞——①填上必要冠詞；②刪掉多余冠詞。2．語境分析：名詞前冠詞是否正確——誤用冠詞改正。1．Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)____________2．Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)____________真題驗(yàn)證2第二句about后的a→an/one

[hour以元音音素開頭，且是可數(shù)名詞，所以表示一個(gè)小時(shí)用an/onehour。]hard后面加the/my

[此處特指我學(xué)習(xí)開車的第一天，所以在firstday前面加the/my。]3．Aroundmeinpicturearethethingswhichwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)____________4.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsofbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)____________5．Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)____________在picture之前加the或this

[此處特指作者提到的這張照片，故在名詞前加定冠詞the或指示代詞this。]the→a

[ashortperiodoftime意為：一段短暫的時(shí)間；此處使用不定冠詞表示泛指。]world前加the

[world前面常常加定冠詞表示“全世界”。]6.Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)____________7．Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparents...Awomansawhimcryingandtoldhimtowaitoutsideashop.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)____________8.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.(2015·浙江卷)____________去掉the

[短語搭配atfirst意為：最初。]outside后的a→the

[此處shop為第二次出現(xiàn)，故使用定冠詞表示特指。]hurry前加a

[短語inahurry意為：急忙；匆忙。]9．Asresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.(全國卷Ⅰ)____________10．ThatdayIdidn’tlearnmuchaboutanimals,insectsortrees,butIlearntaimpressivelessonaboutgravity！(陜西卷)____________As后加a

[短語搭配asaresult意為：結(jié)果。]a→an

[impressivelesson為元音音素開頭，故使用an。]第三課時(shí)寫作增分課冠詞在寫作中的增分點(diǎn)一、遇到名詞要考慮前面冠詞是特指還是類指1．水對于我們生活很重要，因此我們要盡我們最大的努力來阻止它被污染。(beimportantto,doourbest,prevent...from,pollute)______________________________________________________________________2．我的家鄉(xiāng)附近那條河里的水已經(jīng)被嚴(yán)重污染。我們要求政府盡早采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣肀Ｗo(hù)它。(bepollutedseriously,demand,thegovernment,takeappropriatemeasures,assoonas)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Waterisimportanttoourlife,sowemustdoourbesttopreventitfrombeingpolluted.Thewaterintherivernearmyhometownhasbeenpollutedseriously.Wedemandthegovernmenttakeappropriatemeasurestoprotectitassoonaspossible.3．都說老師們過著簡樸的生活，但我認(rèn)為當(dāng)老師很有意義。(besaidto,liveasimplelife,beateacher,meaningful)______________________________________________________________________4．計(jì)算機(jī)在我們生活中扮演著越來越重要的角色。(computer,playapart/rolein)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．中午的時(shí)候在沒有任何保護(hù)措施的情況下直視太陽對我們的眼睛有害。(beharmfulto,lookstraightat,withoutanyprotection)________________________________________________________________________Teachersaresaidtoliveasimplelife,butIthinkbeingateacherismeaningful.Thecomputerplaysamoreandmoreimportantpart/roleinourlife或Computersplayamoreandmoreimportantpart/roleinourlife.Itisharmfultooureyestolookstraightatthesunwithoutanyprotectionatnoon.二、活用不定冠詞a，an1．就在那時(shí)，有一個(gè)七歲的小女孩正步行穿越馬路。(therebe,walkacross)_________________________________________________________2．要學(xué)好英語，一本好的詞典是必需的。(dictionary,amust)__________________________________________