2023年6月英語四級(jí)考試真題及答案

2023年6月高校英語四級(jí)考試真題

PartHIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheU.S.DepartmentofEducationismakingeffortstoensurethatallstudentshaveequalaccess

toaqualityeducation.Todayitis36thelaunchoftheExcellentEducatorsforAllInitiative.The

initiativewillhelpstatesandschocldistrictssupportgreateducatorsforthestudentswhoneed

themmost.

"Allchildrenare37toahigh-qualityeducationregardlessoftheirrace,zipcodeorfamilyincome.

Ilis38importantthatweprovideteachersandprincipalsthesupporttheyneedtohelpstudents

reachtheirfull39/*U.S.SecretaryofEducationArneDuncansaid."Despitetheexcellentwork

anddeep40ofournation'steachersandprincipals,studentsinhigh-poverty,high-minority

schoolsareunfairlytreatedacrossourcountry.Wehavetodobetter.Localleadersandeducators

will41theirowncreativesolutions,butwemustworktogetherto42ourfocusonhowtobetter

recruit,supportand43effectiveteachersandprincipalsforallstudents,especiallythekidswho

needthemmost."

Today'sannouncementisanotherimportantstepforwardinimprovingaccesstoaquality

education,a44ofPresidentObama'syearofaction.Latertoday,SecretaryDuncanwillleada

roundcablediscussionwithprincipalsandschoolteachersfromacrossthecountryaboutthe45of

workinginhigh-needschoolsandhowtoadoptpromisingpracticesforsupportinggreateducators

intheseschools.

A.AnnouncingB.beneficialC.challengesD.commitment

E.componentF.contestsGcriticallyH.develop

I.distributingJ.enhanceK.entitledL.potential

M.properlyN.qualifiedO.retain

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Each

statementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhich

theinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphis

markedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet

2.

TheChangesFacingFastFood

A)Fast-foodfirmshavetobeathick-skinnedbunch.Healthexpertsregularlycriticizethem

severelyforsellingfoodthatmakespeoplefat.CriticsevencomplainthatMcDonald's,whose

logosymbolizescalorieexcess,shouldnothavebeenallowedtosponsortheWorldCup.These

arethingsfast-foodfirmshavelearnttocopewith.Butnotperhapsformuchlonger.Theburger

businessfacesmorepressurefromregulatorsatatimewhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesin

responsetoshiftsintheglobaleconomy.

B)Fastfoodwasoncethoughttoberecession-proof.Whenconsumersneedtocutspending,the

logicgoes,cheapmealslikeBigMacsandWhoppersbecomeevenmoreattractive.Such"trading

down^^provedtruefbrmuchofthelatestrecession,whenfast-foodcompaniespickedup

customerswhocouldnolongeraffordtoeatatcasualrestaurants.Trafficv/asboostedinAmerica,

thehomeoffastfood,withdiscountsandpromotions,suchas$Imenusandcheapcombination

meals.

C）Asaresult,fast-foodchainshaveweathered（herecessionbenerthanihcirmoreexpensive

competitors.In2023salesatfull-servicerestaurantsinAmericafellbymorethan6%,buttotal

salesremainedaboutthesameatfast-foodchains.Insomemarkets,suchasJapan,Franceand

Britain,totalspendingonfastfoodincreased.Same-storesalesinAmericaatMcDonald's,the

world'slargestfast-foodcompany,didnotdeclinethroughoutthedownturn.PaneraBread,an

Americanfast-foodchainknownforitsfreshingredients,performedwell,too,becauseitoffers

higher-qualityfoodatlowerpricesthanrestaurants.

D）Butnotallfast-foodcompanieshavebeenasfortunate.Many,suchasBurgerKing,have

seensalesfall.Inasevererecession,whilesomepeopletradedowntofastfood,manyotherseat

athomemorefrequentlytosavemoney.DavidPalmer,ananalystatUBS,abank,sayssmaller

fast-foodchainsinAmerica,suchasJackintheBoxandCarl'sJr.,havebeenhitparticularlyhard

inthisdownturnbecausetheyarecompetingwiththeglobalgiantMcDonald's,whichincreased

spendingonadvertisingbymorethan7%lastyearasotherscutback.

E）Somefast-foodcompaniesalsosacrificedtheirownprofitsbytryingtogivecustomersbetter

value.Duringtherecessioncompaniessetpriceslow,hopingthatoncetheyhadtempted

customersthroughthedoortheywouldbepersuadedtoordermoreexpensiveitems.Butinmany

casesthatstrategydidnotwork.LastyearBurgerKingfranchisees（特許經(jīng)營(yíng)人）sued（起訴）the

companyoveritsdouble-cheeseburgerpromotion,claimingitwasunfairfbrthemtoberequired

tosellthesefbr$1whentheycost$1.10tomake.InMayajudgeruledinfavorofBurgerKing.

Nevertheless,thecompanymaystillbecursingitsdecisiontopromotecheapchoicesovermore

expensiveonesbecauseitemsonits"valuemenu"nowaccountforaround20%ofallsales,up

from12%lastOctober.

F）Analystsexpectthefast-foodindustrytogrowmodestlythisyear.Butthedownturnis

makingcompaniesrethinktheirstrategies.Manyarcnowintroducinghigher-priceditemstoentice

（弓I誘）consumersawayfrom$1specials.KFC,adivisionofYum!Brands,whichalsoownsTaco

BellandPizzaHut,haslaunchedachickensandwichthatcostsaround$5.AndinMayBurger

Kingintroducedbarbecue（燒烤）porkribsat$7foreight.

G）Companiesarealsotryingtogetcustomerstobuynewandmoreitems,includingdrinks.

McDonald'sstartedsellingbettercoffeeasachallengetoStarbucks.Its"MeCafe"linenow

accountsforanestimated6%ofsalesinAmerica.StarbuckshassoldrightstoitsSeattle'sBest

coffeebrandtoBurgerKing,whichwillstartsellingitlaterthisyear.

H）Asfast-foodcompaniesshiftfrom"supersize'1to"morebuys",theyneedtokeepcustomer

traffichighthroughouttheday.Manyseebreakfastasabigopportunity,ardnotjustforfattyfood.

McDonald'swillstartsellingporridge（粥）inAmericanextyear.Breakfasthasthepotentialtobe

veryprofitable,saysSaraSenatorofBernstein,aresearchfirm,becausethemarginscanbehigh.

Fast-foodcompaniesarealsoaddingmiddayandlate-nightsnacks,suchasblendeddrinksand

wraps.Theideaisthatbyhavingagreaterrangeofthingsonthemenu,"wecanselltoconsumers

productstheywantallday,"saysRickCarlucci.,the.chieffinancialofficerofYum!Brands.

I）Butwhataboutthosegrowingwaistlines?Sofar,fast-foodfirmshavecleverlyavoided

governmentregulation.Byprovidinghealthyoptions,likesaladsandlow-caloriesandwiches,they

haveatleastgiventheimpressionofdoingsomethingabouthelpingtofightobesity（肥胖

癥）.Theseofferingsarenotnecessarilyloss-leaders,astheybroadentheappealofoutletsto

groupsofdinersthatincludesomepeoplewhodon'twanttoeataburger.Butcustomerscannotbe

forcedtoordersaladsinsteadoffries.

J）Inthefuture,simplyofferingahcalihyoptionmaynotbegoodenough."Everypackaged-food

andrestaurantcompanyIknowisconcernedaboutregulationrightnow,1'saysMr.PalmerofUBS.

America'shealth-reformbill,whichCongresspassedthisyear,requiresrestaurantchainswith20

ormoreoutletstopulthecalorie-contentofitemstheyserveonthemenu.AstudybytheNational

BureauofEconomicResearch,whichtrackedtheeffectsonStarbucksofasimilarcalorie-posting

lawinNewYorkCityin2023,foundthattheaveragecalorie-countpertransactionfell6%and

revenueincreased3%atStarbucksstoreswhereaDunlinDonutsoutletwasnearby—asign,itis

said,thatmenu-labelingcouldfavorchainsthathavemorehealthyofferings.

K）InordertoavoidotherlegislationinAmericaandelsewhere,fast-foodcompanieswillhaveto

continueinnovating（倉(cāng)U新）.WaltRikerofMcDonald'sclaimsthechangeithasmadeinitsmenu

meansitoffersmorehealthyitemsthanitdidafewyearsago."Weprobablysellmorevegetables,

moremilk,moresalads,moreapplesthananyrestaurantbusinessintheworld,"hesays.Butthe

recentproposalbyacountyinCaliforniatobanMcDonald'sfromincludingtoysinits

high-calorie“HappyMeals",becauselegislatorsbelieveitattractschildrentounhealthyfood,

suggeststhereisalotmorelefttodo

46.SomepeopleproposelawsbemadetostopMcDonald'sfromattachingtoystoitsfoodspecials

fbrchildren.

47.Fast-foodfinsmaynotbeabletocopewithpressuresfromfoodregulationinthenearfuture.

48.BurgerKingwillstarttosellSeattle'sBestcoffeetoincreasesales.

49.Somefast-foodfirmsprovidehealthyfoodtogivetheimpressiontheyarehelpingtotacklethe

obesityproblem.

50.Duringtherecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfoodtosavemoney.

51.Manypeopleeatoutlessoftentosavemoneyintimesofrecession.

52.Duringtherecession,BurgerKing'spromotionalstrategyofofferinglow-priceditemsoften

provedineffective.

53.Fast-foodrestaurantscanmakealotofmoneybysellingbreakfast.

54.Manyfast-foodcompaniesnowexpecttoincreasetheirrevenuebyintroducinghigher-priced

items.

55.Ancwly-passcdlawasksbigfast-fbodchainstospecifythecaloriccountofwhattheyserve

onthemenu.

SectionC

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen（防曬霜）keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybe

wrong.Researchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberof

melanomas（黑瘤）anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemost

aggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueor

greeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonif

youhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywith

long-termexposure.

Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas—theevidence

isweakerthanitisfbrpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A2023Australianstudyof1,621

peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateof

melanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewith

melanomasto1,101whodidn'thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongside

otherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.This

studysaidotherformsofsunprotection—notsunscreen—seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudy

reliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snot

entirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurity

inthesun.

Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperly—applyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapply

afteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesunloolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying—recent

researchshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.

Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanrecucemelanomarates,as

shownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethis

summer,itwouldbebestfbrus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon（抹上）sunscreenandslaponahat.

56.Whatispeople'scommonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreen?

A.Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.

B.Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.

C.Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair.

D.Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.

57.WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen?

A.Itisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.

B.Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.

C.Itisineffectivewithlong-termexposure.

D.Itisineffectivefbrpeoplewithfairskin.

58.Whatdowelearnfromthe2023Australianstudyof1,621people?

A.Sunscreenshouldbeappliedalongsideotherprotectionmeasures.

BHigh-riskpeoplebenefitthemostfromtheapplicationofsunscreen.

C.Irregularapplicationofsunscreendoeswomenmoreharmthangood.

D.Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.

59.WhatdocstheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudy?

A.Itmisleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotection.

B.Ithelpspeopletoselectthemosteffectivesunscreen.

C.Itisnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.

D.ItconfirmstheresultsofthefirstAustralianstudy.

60.Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoreducemelanomarates?

A.Usingbothcoveringupandsunscreen.

B.Stayingintheshadewheneverpossible.

C.Usingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreen.

D.Applyingtherightamountofsunscreen.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthanthe

less-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareinthe

workforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofa

deepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnological

advancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.The

consequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.

Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthan

everbefore.Over（henext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmost

double,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity

（長(zhǎng)壽）translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmany

observersthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksof

pensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.

Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,

thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefallingamong

youngerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.Thedivideismost

extremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers（二戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期誕生的美國(guó)人）are

puttingoffretirementwhilemanyle>s-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.

Policyispartlyresponsible.ManyEuropeangovernmentshaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedto

encouragepeopletoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy（預(yù)期壽命），combinedwiththe

replacementofgenerousdefamed-benefitpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contribution

ones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthe

changingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyfbrthehighlyeducated,and

thosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyare

moreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:

theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donot

necessarilydeclinewithage.

61.Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?

A.Youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.

B.Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.

C.Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.

D.Peoplewithnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.

62.Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor?

A.Longerlifeexpectancies.

B.Arapidtechnologicaladvance.

C.Profoundchangesintheworkforce.

D.Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.

63.Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?

A.Economicgrowthwillslowdown.

BGovernmentbudgetswillincrease.

C.Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.

D.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.

64.WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?

A.Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.

B.Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.

C.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.

D.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.

65.Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?

A.Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.

B.Morewillbetakenbytheeducatedyoung.

C.Mostjobstobedonewillbethecreativeones.

D.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.

PartIVTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseinto

English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

中國(guó)是世界上最古老的文明之一。構(gòu)成現(xiàn)代世界基礎(chǔ)的很多元素都起源于中國(guó)。中國(guó)現(xiàn)在擁

有世界上發(fā)展最快的經(jīng)濟(jì)，并正經(jīng)驗(yàn)著一次新的工業(yè)革命。中國(guó)還啟動(dòng)了雄心勃勃的太空探

究安排，其中包括到2023年建成一個(gè)太空站。目前，中國(guó)是世界最大的出口國(guó)之一，并正

在吸引大量外國(guó)投資。同時(shí)，它也在海外投資數(shù)十億美元。2023年，中國(guó)超越日本成為世

界其次大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。

2023年6月高校英語四級(jí)考試真題答案與詳解

PartHIReadingComprehension

美國(guó)教化部正在努力確保全部學(xué)生享有接受高質(zhì)量教化的乎等權(quán)利：今口，它(33宣布起先

實(shí)施“為全部學(xué)生供應(yīng)優(yōu)秀教化工作者”的活動(dòng)方案。這一方案將幫助各州和各學(xué)區(qū)為那些

有最迫切須要的學(xué)生供應(yīng)優(yōu)秀教化工鋒者的支持.

“全部的孩子.不分種族、居住地及家庭收入，都應(yīng)(37)有權(quán)利接受高質(zhì)量的教化。為老師和

校長(zhǎng)們供應(yīng)那助學(xué)生發(fā)揮全部(39)暨為所需的支持是(38)至差重要的，”美國(guó)教化部部長(zhǎng)阿

恩?鄧肯說。“盡管我們國(guó)家的老師和校長(zhǎng)們工作精彩且全情(40)經(jīng)占全國(guó)各地那些極為

貧困及少數(shù)民族聚集的學(xué)校的學(xué)生仍舊受到不公正的對(duì)待：我們必需努力做到更好。地方官

員和教化工作者都將(41)及應(yīng)他們自己的創(chuàng)建性解決方案，但是我們必需共同努力，(42)盤

型我們對(duì)于如何更好地為全部學(xué)生招募、支持和(43)矍隹?jī)?yōu)秀老師和校長(zhǎng)的關(guān)注，特殊是那

些最須要他們的孩子們?！?/p>

今日的公告是改善獲得高質(zhì)量教化權(quán)利的又一重要步驟，是奧巴馬總統(tǒng)行動(dòng)年的一個(gè)(44)組

成部分。今日晚些時(shí)候，鄧肯部長(zhǎng)將帶領(lǐng)召開與來自全國(guó)各地的校長(zhǎng)和學(xué)校老師綻開的圓桌

會(huì)議，探討有關(guān)在高需求的學(xué)校工作面臨的(45)里避以及如何實(shí)行有前途的舉措以支持在這

些學(xué)校的教化工作者：

名詞；?challenges挑戰(zhàn)；D)commitmcnt投入，承諾；E)componcnt組成部分，部件；F)contcsts

競(jìng)賽；L)potential潛力，可能性

動(dòng)詞：A)announcing宣布，宣稱；H)deveAp形成,發(fā)展；I)distributing分發(fā),散布;J)enhance

增加，提高；K)emilled使(某人)有權(quán)利；O)reiain留用

形容詞：B)beneficial有利的,有益的；N)qualified勝任的,合格的

副詞：G)crilically很大程度上，極為重要地；M)properly合理地，正確地

36.A)announcingo動(dòng)詞辨析題。句首出現(xiàn)時(shí)間狀語today,空格位于系動(dòng)詞is和名詞短語

thelaunchof…之間，因此空格處須要填人動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。前一句

提到，美國(guó)教化部正在努力確保全部學(xué)生享有接受高質(zhì)量教化的同等權(quán)利。因此，空格處須

要填人一個(gè)能夠與名詞launch構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配的動(dòng)詞，表示“宣布起先實(shí)施一項(xiàng)方案或活動(dòng)

由此確定announcing為本題答案，意思是"宣布二備選詞中，distribuling意思是"分發(fā)，

散布”，與此處文意不符，且無法與launch構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配，故解除。

37.K)entitledo動(dòng)詞辨析題?？崭袂懊媸窍祫?dòng)詞are,后面是介詞to及其賓語，因此空格

處須要填入形容詞作表語或者動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，并與介詞to搭配。上文提到，美國(guó)教化部

今日宣布起先實(shí)施為全部學(xué)生供應(yīng)優(yōu)秀教化工作者的活動(dòng)方案，本句說明了實(shí)施此方案的緣

由，即全部孩子都應(yīng)有權(quán)利接受高質(zhì)量的教化。因此，空格處須要填人一個(gè)表示“有權(quán)利”

或“有資格”的形容詞，且能夠與介詞10搭配，備選形容詞中只有eniiiled同時(shí)符合這兩項(xiàng)

要求,由此確定其為本題答案。beentitledto意思是“有……資格”。備選詞中，beneficial

意思是“有利的，有益的”，與此處文意不符，解除；qualified意思是“有資格的”，但不能

與介詞lo

搭配運(yùn)用，因此也可以解除。

38.G)criticaIlyo副詞辨析題。空格前面是系動(dòng)詞is,后面是形容詞important,因此空格處

須要填入一個(gè)副詞，用來修飾形容詞importanto上句提到，全部的孩子，不分種族、居住

地及家庭收入，都應(yīng)有權(quán)利接受高質(zhì)量的教化，本句承接上句，表明為老師和校長(zhǎng)們供應(yīng)幫

助學(xué)生發(fā)揮全部潛力所需支持的重要性。因此，空格處須要填入一個(gè)表示“特別，相當(dāng)，很”

的副詞，與important表達(dá)“至關(guān)重要”的意義，由此確定副詞critically為本題答案，意思

是“很大程度上，極為重要地”。備選詞中，properly意思是“合理地，正確地”，與此處文

意不符，因此可以解除。

39.L)potentialo名詞辨析題。空格前面為形容詞性物主代詞their及形容詞hill,因此空格

處須要填人一個(gè)名詞。本句提到要為老師和校長(zhǎng)們供應(yīng)支持，而這些支持是為了幫助學(xué)生發(fā)

揮其全部潛力。因此，空格處須要填入?個(gè)能與動(dòng)詞reach相搭配的名詞，且表達(dá)“潛力，

實(shí)力”的意義,由此確定名詞potential為本題答案,意思是“潛力”。備選詞中，challenges

意思是“挑戰(zhàn)”，commitment意思是“投入，承諾”，component意思是“組成部分，部件”,

contests意思是“競(jìng)賽”，均與此處文意不符，且不能與動(dòng)詞reach搭配，可以解除。

40.D)comniitmento名詞辨析題?？崭袂懊鏋樾稳菰~deep,后面為介詞of,因此空格處須

要填人名詞。依據(jù)連詞and可以推斷，該名詞與and前面的excellentwork在意義上應(yīng)當(dāng)是并

列的，且依據(jù)上下文，此處要表達(dá)的意義是老師和校長(zhǎng)們工作精彩且努力。因此，空格處的

名詞表達(dá)的是“努力”或“投入”的意思，且為不行數(shù)的抽象名詞，備選詞中只有commitment

一詞符合要求，由此確定其為本題答案。備選詞中的challenges和contests均為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)

數(shù)形式，可以解除：component意思是“組成部分，部件“，與此處文意不符，且不能用deep

進(jìn)行修飾，可以解除；potential已經(jīng)用過，干脆解除。

41.H)developo動(dòng)詞辨析題?？崭袂懊鏋橹鷦?dòng)詞will,后面為名詞短語theirowncreative

Solutions,因此空格處須要填入動(dòng)詞原形，與will構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，并與名詞Solutions

構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓短語。Solutions意思是“解決方案”，因此填入的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)表達(dá)“想出，找到”或

“探討出，制定出”的意義。由此可以確定，動(dòng)詞develop為本題答案，意思是“形成”。

備選詞中，enhance意思是“增加，提高"，retain意思是“留用"，均不能與Solutions搭配,

且與此處文意不符，因此可以解除。

42.J)enhance?動(dòng)詞辨析題?？崭袂懊媸莿?dòng)詞短語worklogelhei■及動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)lo,后

面是名詞短語ourfocus,因此空格處須要填入動(dòng)詞原形，且與Ourfocus構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配。依

據(jù)上下文，教化部長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為我們必需共同努力增加對(duì)于某些問題的關(guān)注。因此，空格處填人的

動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)表達(dá)“增加，增加”的意義，由此可以確定，動(dòng)詞enhance為本題答案，意思是“增

加，提高”。備選詞中，develop已經(jīng)用過，干脆解除；retain意思是“留用”，與此處文意不

符，也可以解除。

43.O)retaino動(dòng)詞辨析題。依據(jù)and前面的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞recruit和support及其形式可以推斷，

空格處須要填入的是動(dòng)詞原形，且與recruit和support構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，recruil意思是“招募”,

support意思是“支持，配備”，賓語都是空格后的effectiveteachersandprincipals,由此可以

確定，動(dòng)詞retain為本題答案。

44.E)componento名詞辨析題?？崭袂懊媸遣欢ü谠~a,后面是介詞of,因此空格處須要

填入可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。前面講到，今日的公告是改善獲得高質(zhì)量教化權(quán)利的又一重要步

驟，而介詞of后面又提到了奧巴馬總統(tǒng)行動(dòng)年，因此可以推斷今日的公告內(nèi)容是奧巴馬總

統(tǒng)行動(dòng)年的行動(dòng)內(nèi)容之一，空格處應(yīng)填入表示“內(nèi)容，組成部分”的名詞。由此可以確定名

詞component為本題答案，意思是“組成部分二備選詞中，commitment和potential已經(jīng)用

過，干脆解除；challenges和contests均為可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可以解除。

45.C)challengeSo名詞辨析題?？崭袂懊媸嵌ü谠~ihe,后面是介詞of,因此空格處應(yīng)填入名

詞形式。本句介紹的是鄧肯部長(zhǎng)將帶領(lǐng)召開與來自全國(guó)各地的校長(zhǎng)和學(xué)校老師綻開的圓桌會(huì)

議內(nèi)容，依據(jù)上下文，在高需求的學(xué)校工作必將面臨更多的挑戰(zhàn)或困難,因此，空格處填入

的名詞可能表達(dá)“困難，問題”或“挑戰(zhàn)”的意義，由此可以推斷，名詞challenges為本題

答案，意思是"挑戰(zhàn)"。備選詞中,commitment,potential和component均用過，干脆解除;

contests意思是“競(jìng)賽”，與此處文意不符，也可以解除。

SectionB

快餐業(yè)面臨的變更

A)快餐業(yè)不得不成為一個(gè)厚著臉皮生存的群體。健康專家因其向人們兜售令人肥胖的食品

而不斷對(duì)其進(jìn)行猛烈抨擊。評(píng)論家們甚至埋怨說商標(biāo)代表超高熱量的麥當(dāng)勞不應(yīng)當(dāng)獲準(zhǔn)贊助

世界杯。(47)這些是快餐業(yè)已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)去處理的一些事情。但是，可能撐不了多久。當(dāng)漢堡企

業(yè)打算實(shí)行策略來對(duì)?全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的變更做出回應(yīng)時(shí)，還面臨著來自監(jiān)管部門更多的壓力。

B)快餐曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為可以反抗經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。B0)邏輯上，當(dāng)消費(fèi)者要削減開支時(shí)，巨無霸和皇堡

等便宜的食物會(huì)變得更有吸引力。在最近的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退中，當(dāng)快餐商家留住了那些在休閑餐館

也付不起錢的消費(fèi)者時(shí)，這樣的“降級(jí)消費(fèi)”得以證明。在美國(guó)，這個(gè)快餐的發(fā)源地，伴隨

著快餐業(yè)的打折活動(dòng)以及促銷活動(dòng)，例如推出1美元菜單和便宜的什錦飯，快餐店客流也變

得興盛起來。

C)結(jié)果，快餐連鎖企業(yè)比那些貴一點(diǎn)的同行們更好地度過了這次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。在2023年美國(guó)

供應(yīng)全方位服務(wù)的餐館的營(yíng)業(yè)額與以前同期相比有超過6%的降幅，但是快餐連鎖企業(yè)的營(yíng)

業(yè)額卻依舊保持不變。其他國(guó)家的市場(chǎng)，如日本、法國(guó)和英國(guó)，在快餐上的整體消費(fèi)呈增長(zhǎng)

態(tài)勢(shì)。在美國(guó)同行業(yè)的營(yíng)業(yè)額中，世界上最大的快冬企業(yè)麥當(dāng)勞在沒有下滑的狀況下度過了

經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期。以其簇新原料著名的美國(guó)快餐連鎖店帕尼羅面包同樣表現(xiàn)良好，因?yàn)樗员蕊?/p>

店低廉的價(jià)格供應(yīng)了更高質(zhì)量的食品。

D)但并非全部的快餐企業(yè)都如此幸運(yùn)。諸如漢堡王等很多企業(yè)的營(yíng)業(yè)額就有所下滑。(51)

在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的嚴(yán)峻時(shí)期，盡管一些人降級(jí)消費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)向快餐，但很多人為了省錢而更頻繁地在家

里吃飯。瑞士聯(lián)合儂行的分析師大衛(wèi)?帕爾曼表示,在美國(guó)，一些小型的快餐連鎖店，如玩

偶匣和卡樂星，在這次經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退中受到了特殊嚴(yán)峻的沖擊，因?yàn)樗鼈円c麥當(dāng)勞這樣的全球

性快餐巨頭進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。去年，在其他企業(yè)都削減廣告投入的狀況下，麥當(dāng)勞在廣告宣揚(yáng)士的

投入?yún)s增加了7%多。

E)一些快餐企業(yè)還不惜犧牲自己的利泗試圖給顧客們更好的實(shí)惠。(52)在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間，很

多商家實(shí)行低價(jià)策略，他們期望一旦吸引顧客進(jìn)門，就能夠勸告他們購(gòu)買稍貴的產(chǎn)品。但在

多數(shù)狀況下，這種策略并不奏效。去年，漢堡王的特許經(jīng)銷商就因?yàn)殡p層奶酪漢堡的促銷活

動(dòng)而起訴該公司，聲稱以1美元出售這些成本價(jià)為1.10美元的產(chǎn)品對(duì)他們來說是不公允的。

五月份法官裁決表示支持漢堡王。盡管如此，這家公司可能還是要咒罵其做出的促銷便宜菜

品而不是更高價(jià)菜品的確定，因?yàn)檫@些“實(shí)惠菜單”上的菜品在銷售總額中所占的比例從去

年10月的12%上升到了現(xiàn)在的20%。

FX54)分析人士對(duì)今年快餐業(yè)的適度增長(zhǎng)有所期盼。但是衰退的形勢(shì)促使商家重新考慮他們

的策略?，F(xiàn)在很多商家推出一些價(jià)格稍高的商品試圖將消費(fèi)者從I美元的特價(jià)商品中吸引回

叁擁有塔可鐘和必勝客的百勝餐飲集團(tuán)的旗下品牌肯德基已經(jīng)推出了一款售價(jià)約5美元的

雞肉三明治。五月份漢堡王推出了7美元八個(gè)的烤豬排。

G）很多快餐企業(yè)也試圖讓消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買包括飲料在內(nèi)的更多新產(chǎn)品。麥當(dāng)勞越先銷售更優(yōu)質(zhì)

的咖啡作為對(duì)星巴克的挑戰(zhàn)。它的“麥克咖啡”系列在美國(guó)本土的銷售量約占6%。（48）至

巴克已經(jīng)將它的西雅圖最好咖啡的品牌版權(quán)出售給了漢堡王，該咖啡塔在今年晚些時(shí)候起先

銷售。

H）因?yàn)殇N售策略從“大尺寸”向“更多買家”轉(zhuǎn)變，快餐商家須要維持一天的高客流量。（53）

很多商家看到了早餐市場(chǎng)的巨大商機(jī)，而不是僅僅出售高脂肪的食物。麥當(dāng)勞明年將在美國(guó)

銷售粥類食物。伯恩斯坦調(diào)查公司的分析師莎拉?塞納托爾表示，早餐市場(chǎng)具有很好的賺錢

潛力，因?yàn)槠淅麧?rùn)相當(dāng)高?？觳蜕碳乙苍谠黾又形绾鸵雇硇〕缘姆N類,例如混合型飲料及包

裝食品。其想法是，通過在菜單上涵蓋更廣的范圍，“我們可以賣給消費(fèi)者他們一成天都須

要的食物，”百勝集團(tuán)首席財(cái)務(wù)官瑞克?卡如茨說道。

I）但是那些越長(zhǎng)越粗的腰圍怎么辦呢?到目前為止，快番企業(yè)已經(jīng)聰慧地避開了政府的監(jiān)管。

（49）通過供應(yīng)一些健康的選擇，像沙拉和低熱量的三明治，這些企業(yè)至少給人們留下了實(shí)行

行動(dòng)幫助對(duì)抗肥胖的印象。供應(yīng)的這些東西未必是虧本特賣品,因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)黾恿肆畠r(jià)食品店

對(duì)食客群體，包括不想吃漢堡的人們的吸引力。但是消費(fèi)者不能被強(qiáng)制點(diǎn)沙拉來代替薯?xiàng)l。

J）在將來，簡(jiǎn)潔供應(yīng)一些健康的可供選擇的食品可能是不夠的?！懊恳粋€(gè)我所了解的包裝食

品和餐館企業(yè)現(xiàn)在都在關(guān)切法律規(guī)定，"瑞4艮集團(tuán)的帕爾曼先生表示。（55）今年美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)通

過的健康改革法案要求擁有20家及以上連鎖店的餐館將它們所供應(yīng)的食品卡路里含量印制

在菜單上。一項(xiàng)由美國(guó)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)探討局開展的對(duì)2023年在紐約推出的相像熱量張貼法案對(duì)

星巴克的影響跟蹤調(diào)查發(fā)覺，在旁邊有唐恩都樂連鎖店的狀況下，星巴克每次交易中的平均

熱量值削減了6%,而收益增長(zhǎng)了3%——也就是說，這些菜單標(biāo)簽有助于這些連鎖企業(yè)供

應(yīng)更健康的菜品。

K）為了避開與美國(guó)和其他地方的法規(guī)起沖突，快餐企業(yè)將不得不接著創(chuàng)新。麥當(dāng)勞的沃

特?瑞克宣稱其公司已經(jīng)對(duì)菜單進(jìn)行了改良，這意味著麥當(dāng)勞與幾年前相比會(huì)供應(yīng)更多健康

的食品?！芭c世界上的其他餐飲企業(yè)相比，我們可能會(huì)銷售更多的蔬菜、更多的牛奶、更多

的沙拉以及更多的蘋果，”他說道。（46）但是加利福尼亞州的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)最近提出一項(xiàng)議案，

即禁止爰當(dāng)勞在其高熱量的“歡樂套餐”中附贈(zèng)玩具，因?yàn)榱⒎ㄕ邆冋J(rèn)為這會(huì)引誘孩子們?nèi)?/p>

吃不健康的食物，這表明還有更多事情等著快餐企業(yè)去做。

46.SomepeopleproposelawsbemadetostopMcDonald'sfromattachingtoystoitsfoodspecials

forchildren.

1?譯文

有些人提議立法來禁止麥當(dāng)勞將玩具附贈(zèng)到為孩子供應(yīng)的特價(jià)食品上。

?定①

由題干中的proposelaws和toys定位到文章K）段畫線處。

K）InordertoavoidotherlegislationinAmericaandelsewhere,fast-foodcompanieswillhaveto

continueinnovating（創(chuàng)新）.WaltRikerofMcDonald'sclaimsthechangeithasmadeinitsmenu

meansitoffersmorehealthyitemsthanitdidafewyearsago."Weprobablysellmorevegetables,

moremilk,moresalads,moreapplesthananyrestaurantbusinessintheworld,"hesays.Butthe

recentproposalbyacountyinCalifornialobanMcDonald'sfromincludingtoysinits

high-calorie"HappyMeals\becauselegislatorsbelieveitattractschildrentounhealthyfood,

suggests（hereisalolmorelehlodo.

,詳解該段說明在快餐業(yè)進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新和改良的大環(huán)境下，麥當(dāng)勞也對(duì)其食品進(jìn)行了改良，提供了更多健康