東北三省四市聯(lián)考暨沈陽市2024屆高三下學(xué)期質(zhì)量監(jiān)測（二）英語試題

東北三省四市聯(lián)考暨沈陽市2024屆高三下學(xué)期質(zhì)量監(jiān)測（二）英語試題姓名：__________班級(jí)：__________考號(hào)：__________題號(hào)一二三四五總分評(píng)分一、閱讀理解，第一節(jié)，閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀理解GreenLinePerformingArtsCenter329EGarfieldBlvd.Chicago,IL60637UpcomingProgramsInclude:FirstMondayJazzSeries:CrosswindMondayFeb4|onwards7—9pmFirstMondayJazzisafreemonthlyeventshowcasinglocalChicagojazzartists.GreenLightSeries:SouthSideStoryTimeSundayFeb17|10—11amBringyourkidstolisten,learn,sing,dance,andinteract!SouthSideStoryTimeisasmallgatheringthatcentresonreadingsforitsyoungattendeesalongwiththechancefortheirparentstosocialize.Opentofamilieswithchildrenofallages.SistergirlsandFreedomFighters:StoriesinCelebrationofWomen'sPowerandGraceWednesdayFeb20|7—8:30pmJoinusforaneveningofstorytellingfeaturingthedynamicsinging,IntheSpiritbyEmilyHooperLansana.Thisperformancewillhighlightarangeofstoriesthatdemonstratewomen'screativeandpoliticalgeniusfromfolkheroinestoNobelPeacePrizewinners.FamilySaturdays:ArttogetherEvery1stSaturdayoftheMonth|3—5pmExploreyourchild'sartisticcuriositywithhands-onartworkshopsdesignedtostimulatecreativityandplay.Theseinterdisciplinaryworkshopsareexcitingfortheentirefamily,offeringactivitiesfrommusictoartsandcrafts.Cometolearnsomethingnew!Appropriateforfamilieswithchildren.Registrationisencouraged.FollowArts+PublicLifeonFacebookformoreeventdetailsandafulllistofallupcomingperformances.1．Whencanpeopleenjoyjazz?A．At8pmeveryfirstMonday. B．At4pmeverySaturday.C．At7pmonWednesdays. D．At9pmonMondays.2．WhatdoweknowaboutSistergirlsandFreedomFighters?A．Itlaststwohours.B．ItisorganizedbyEmily.C．Itisaprize-winningperformance.D．Itcelebrateswomen'sachievements.3．WhatdoGreenLightSeriesandFamilySaturdayshaveincommon?A．Theformsofarts. B．Targetparticipants.C．Thedurationofactivities. D．Registrationrequirements.閱讀理解Iwastheonlykidincollegewithareasontogotothemailbox,becausemymotherneverbelievedinemail,inFacebook,intextingorcellphones.Iwasliterallywaitingbythemailboxtogetaletterwithawarmestcomfortfromher.SowhenImovedtoNewYorkandgotdepressed,IdidtheonlythingIcouldthinkof.Iwrotethosesamekindsofletterslikemymotherforstrangers,andtuckedthemalloverthecity:incafes,inlibraries,andeveninthesubway.Ibloggedaboutthoselettersandpromisedifaskedforahand-writtenletter,Iwouldwriteone.Overnight,myinboxbecamethisharborofheartbreak—asinglemotherinSacramento,agirlbeingbulliedinKansas,a22-year-oldimmigrant,allaskingmetowritethemandgivethemareasontowaitbythemailbox.AndthisishowIinitiatedtheactTheWorldNeedsMoreLoveLetters.TodayIrunaglobalorganizationfueledbythosetripstothemailbox.Itisamiracle.Butthethingabouttheselettersisthatmostofthemhavebeenwrittenbypeoplebroughtupinapaperlessworldwheresomebestconversationshappenonascreen.WehavelearnedtodiaryourpainontoFacebook,andwespeakswiftlyintwitter.Therefore,I'vebeencarryingthismailcrate(大木箱)withmethesedays,whichisamagicalicebreaker.SoIgettotelltotalstrangersaboutawomanwhosehusbandwastraumatized(受精神創(chuàng)傷)fromwar,andhowsheleftlovelettersthroughoutthehousesaying,"Comebacktome."Andaman,whohaddecidedtotakehislife,sleptsafelywithastackoflettersjustbeneathhispillow,handwrittenbystrangerswhowerethereforhim.Thesestoriesconvincemethatletter-writingwillneverneedtobeaboutefficiency,becauseitisanartnow,allofit:thesigning,thescripting,themailing.4．Whydidtheauthorshareherexperienceincollege?A．Toshowhercareforherfamily.B．Toconveyherloveforwritingletters.C．Toexpressherfeelingsattachedtoletters.D．Toproveherconsistencyinwritingletters.5．Whatcausedtheauthortolaunchtheact?A．Sheadvocatedthepaperlesslifestyle.B．Sheintendedtoprovideprofessionalaid.C．Shetriedtoimprovehercommunicationskills.D．Sheaimedtogiveemotionalsupportwithletters.6．Whydoestheauthorcallthemailcrate"amagicalicebreaker"?A．Itcurespeopleofmentaldiseases.B．Itservesasaconversationstarter.C．Ithasmagicpowertomeltice.D．Itempowerspeopletobebrave.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．FamilyLettersArePricelessB．LoveforWritingNeverDeclinesC．WorldNeedsMoreLoveLettersD．Hand-writtenLettersImproveEfficiency閱讀理解NanakoHamawasholdingalightenvelop.Whenshetoreitopenwithcare,locksofhairemerged.ManystrangerssendHamalocksoftheirhair,hopingtorecycleit.Peoplegenerateahugeamountofhairwaste.Nearlyallofthatwasteendsupinlandfill,whereitcanreleaseharmfulgreenhousegasesthatcontributetoclimatechange.Buthairpossessesusefulqualitiesthatit'sashametosimplythrowitaway.That'swhypeopleallaroundtheworld,likeHama,havebeencollectinghairandfindinginnovativewaystorecycleit,includingmakingmats(墊子)outofitforremovingoilleaksintheocean.HamaispartofthenonprofitMatterofTrust(MoT)membersworkingatmorethan60centersdottedacross17countries,usingmachinestomakehairdonatedfromlocalsalonsandindividualsintosquaremat,whicharethenusedtocleanupthefloatingoil."Hairisparticularlywell-suitedforthis,"saysMoTco-founderLisaGautier."That'sbecauseitsroughsortofouterlayerletsoilsticktoit."MoT'smatshavebeenusedinmajoroilleaks,includingthe2010DeepwaterHorizonand2007CoscoBusanincidents.Ina2018study,Murray,anenvironmentalscientistattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,inAustraliafoundthatmatsmadeofrecycledhumanhaircouldabsorb0.84gramsofoilontoitssurfaceforeverygramofhair—significantlymorethanpolypropylene(聚丙烯),atypeofplasticthat'stypicallyusedtocleanupfloatingoil.Besides,hairisalsousefulasfertilizer(化肥).Haircontainsarelativelyhighnitrogen(氮),achemicalelementcrucialforplantgrowth,andeachlockofhairismadeofroughly16percentofthisessentialnutrient.Lastyear,morethan560gallonsofliquidfertilizermadefromhumanhairwassoldtofarmersinnorthernTanzaniaandthefeedbackfromthefarmershasbeenveryencouraging."It'sjustagreatwaytousehairinaproductiveway.Hairisananswerliterallyhanginginfrontofoureyes—foroilandsoil,"Hamasays.8．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A．Bypresentingascene.B．Bydetailingthebackground.C．Bydescribingtheusageofhair.D．Bypraisinganenvironmentalist.9．Whatcanthematmadeofhumanhairdo?A．Improvesoil. B．Preventoilleaks.C．Takeinharmfulgas. D．Cleartheseaofoil.10．Whichqualitiesofhaircontributetoitsinnovativeuse?A．Itscolorandstrength. B．Itslengthandamount.C．Itsweightandflexibility. D．Itsstructureandcomponent.11．Whichbestdescribesthefutureofhairwasteasfertilizer?A．Uncertain. B．Promising. C．Doubtful. D．Worrying.閱讀理解GermanphysicistAlbertEinsteinisoneofthemostfamousscientistsofalltime,thepersonificationofgeniusandthesubjectofawholeindustryofscholarship.InTheEinsteinianRevolution,twoexpertsonEinstein'slifeandhistheoryofrelativity—IsraeliphysicistHanochGutfreundandGermanhistorianofscienceJürgenRenn—offeranoriginalandpenetrating(犀利的)analysisofEinstein'srevolutionarycontributionstophysicsandourviewofthephysicalworld.Forthefirsttimeever,bysettingEinstein'sworkinthelongcourseoftheevolutionofscientificknowledge,GutfreundandRenndiscoverthepopularmisconceptionofEinsteinasanunconventionalscientificgeniuswhosingle-handedlycreatedmodernphysics—andbypurethoughtalone.Asalargepartofthebookexplains,Einsteintypicallyarguedthatscienceprogressesthroughsteadyevolution,notthroughrevolutionarybreakswiththepast.Hesawhistheoryofrelativitynotassomethingfromscratch,butanaturalextensionoftheclassicalphysicsdevelopedbypioneerssuchasItalianastronomerGalileoGalileiandEnglishphysicistIsaacNewtoninthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,aswellasnineteenth-centuryphysicists.TheauthorshighlighthowclassicalphysicscannotbeseparatedcleanlyfrommodernEinsteinianphysics.ThebookalsoincludessubstantialsectionsonPolishastronomerNicolausCopernicusandGalileowhosemethodsinspiredEinstein.WhenEinsteinconsideredhimselfasstandingontheirshoulders,hemeantthat,withouttheircontributions,hewouldnothaveformulated(闡述)thetheoryofrelativity.TheEinsteinianRevolutionisanimportantandthought-provokingcontributiontothescholarlyliteratureonEinsteinandhissurprisingscientificcreativitybetween1905and1925.GutfreundandRennmightnothavegiventhefinalanswerastowhyEinstein,ofallpeople,revolutionizedphysicsinthewaythathedid.Buttheyargueinfascinatingdetailthat,tounderstandhisgenius,onemusttakeintoaccountnotjusttheearlierhistoryofphysicsbutalsothehistoryofknowledgemorebroadly.Althoughnotalwaysaneasyread,thebookwillinterestphysicistsandhistoriansalike.12．What'stheattitudeofGutfreundandRenntothepopularviewpointonEinstein?A．Opposing. B．Favorable. C．Ambiguous. D．Indifferent.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"fromscratch"probablymean?A．Fromnothing. B．Uptoacertainstandard.C．Bylearningfromothers. D．Withpreviousknowledge.14．Whatdoestheauthormeantosaybymentioningthefamousphysicists?A．TheirideaswererejectedbyEinstein.B．TheirdevotiontophysicsimpressedEinstein.C．TheirresearchcontributedtoEinstein'ssuccess.D．Theirhardworkdeservedtheworldwiderespect.15．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Aguidebooktoacourse.B．Anintroductiontoabook.C．AnessayonAlbertEinstein.D．Areviewofphysicsdevelopment.二、閱讀理解，第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Problemsolvingskillsareincreasinglyvaluableintheworkplaceandcouldhelpyouachievemoreinyourpersonallifetoo.Here'showtoenhanceyourstrategy.DevelopanalyticalthinkingThekeytoeffectiveproblemsolvingistheabilitytobreakdowncomplexissuesintosmaller,moremanageablecomponents.16．.Thisinvolvessystematicallydeconstructingaproblem,understandingitsdifferencesandidentifyingtherelationshipsbetweenitsvariouselements.Improvinganalyticalthinkingrequiresastructuredapproach.Beginbyclearlydefiningtheproblemathand,identifyingitskeycomponentsandrecognizingtheinterconnectionsbetweenthem.Promotecreativity17．Todevelopcreativity,youmustengageinactivitiesthatcanstimulateyourimaginationandformnewideas.Additionally,exposingyourselftodifferentfields,experiencesandculturescanserveasasourceofcreativeproblemsolving.StrengthencommunicationskillsClearandbriefcommunicationisthekeytoeffectiveproblem-solving,actingasthebridgethatconnectsdiverseperspectivesandadjustsindividualstowardacommongoal.Goodcommunicationbeginswiththeartofexpression.Thisneedschoosingtherightwordsandstructuringinformationlogically.Activelistening,ontheotherhand,istheskillofreceivinginformationwithfocus.18．.LearnfrommistakesMistakesarenotfailuresbutagoodwaytosuccess.19．.Analyzewhatgoeswrong,identifyareasforimprovementandusethisknowledgetoinformyourfutureproblem-solvingefforts.Itnotonlyacceleratesthelearningprocessbutalsoencouragescollectiveproblem-solvingskills.20．Thejourneytobecominganexpertproblemsolverisanongoingprocessofgrowthandimprovement.Seekingcontinuouslearningopportunitiesensuresthatyoustayaheadofchangingchallengesandacquirethenecessaryskills.Furthermore,networkingwithprofessionalsinyourfieldprovidesagoodwayofsharedlearning.A.StaywellinformedB.SeekcontinuouslearningC.ImprovingitrequiresastructuredapproachD.EachmistakewillgiveyouachancetothinkandlearnEOut-of-the-boxthinkingisessentialforproblemsolvingF.ThesewillmakesureyourmessageiseasytounderstandG.Itinvolvesnotjusthearingwordsbutunderstandingthedifferences三、語言運(yùn)用，第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Thiswasthebiggame.Theboyswere21．a(chǎn)ndexcited.Itwasaclearnight,andmysonAndy'sbaseballteam,whichhad22．a(chǎn)llyear,hadshockedthebetterteamsbymakingittothischampionshipgame.Theatmospherewas23．:theotherteam'sslugger(強(qiáng)擊手),abigkid,waslikeasnake,dangerousandreadyto24．.Nervously,IlookedoutAndy'sway.Iwas25．toseeAndylookingstraightupatthenightsky!Obviouslyhewasn't26．onthegame.Iwashorrifiedthathewouldn'tevenknowtheballwascoming."Comeon,Andy.27．outthere,"Isaidtomyself.Thankgoodnessthebigkidmadeamistake.We(AndyandI)hadbeen28．,andourteamstillledbyonerun.Andyranuptomeatthe29．.Iwasaboutto30．himwhenhesaidloudly,"Didyouseethatshootingstar?"Andy'seyeswereglowing(發(fā)光)with31．.Ipaused."Yes,"Isaid."Well,oneinning(局)togo.Hitahomerun(全壘打)!""Okay!"saidAndy,andheranbacktohis32．.Isuddenlyrealizeditwasnicemysonwouldtaketimeoutto33．thewonderandbeautyinlife.Youmightbesurprisedbythebeautyyoucanfindwhenyouleast34．it.Andyhitatripleinthatlastinning.ButIstillwishIhad35．thatshootingstar,too.21．A．nervous B．puzzled C．curious D．a(chǎn)shamed22．A．won B．struggled C．prayed D．run23．A．electric B．friendly C．casual D．romantic24．A．flee B．climb C．jump D．strike25．A．a(chǎn)mused B．thrilled C．shocked D．satisfied26．A．carrying B．reflecting C．commenting D．focusing27．A．Settledown B．StandupC．Wakeup D．Liedown28．A．informed B．punished C．warned D．spared29．A．meeting B．break C．corner D．entrance30．A．blame B．comfort C．entertain D．threaten31．A．a(chǎn)nger B．a(chǎn)nxiety C．excitement D．confidence32．A．teammates B．fans C．parents D．stars33．A．create B．research C．explain D．a(chǎn)ppreciate34．A．need B．expect C．a(chǎn)fford D．suspect35．A．become B．filmed C．seen D．followed四、語言運(yùn)用，第二節(jié)(共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThelanternfairinZigong,SouthwestChina'sSichuanprovince,boastsahistoryofmorethan1,000years.36．(mark)theYearoftheDragon,manyofthelanternsshowtheChinesesignofthezodiac(生肖),buttherearealso37．widevarietyofotherlanterndesignstomeetdifferentneeds.Visitors38．prefertraditionallanternscanfindlanternswithflowersandbirds,andlegendaryfigures,whilelanternswithmodernpatternssuchascultural39．(trend)andonlinegamesaregainingpopularityamongyoungpeople.Inadditiontothe40．(elegance)craftsmanship,moderntechnologiessuchas3Dprintingandartificialintelligencehavealsobeenusedtomakethelanterns41．(nice)andmorevivid.Thelanternshowisalsoacceptingtheconceptofenvironmentalprotection.Asetoflanterns42．(feature)thefamousChinesestatue"BronzeGallopingHorseTreadingonaFlyingSwallow"fromtheEasternHanDynasty(25-220AD)wascreatedbyusingdifferentkindsofwastematerials,includingtiresandplasticstoformitsoutsidedecorations.Thisyear'sshowwillnotcometoanend43．July31.Thesetsoflanterns44．(update)tokeepupwithothertraditionalChinesefestivals,suchastheDragonBoatFestival.Visitorscanalsoenjoyfolkarts,andChinesemusicperformancesduring45．(they)lantern-viewingtours.五、寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)46．學(xué)校英文報(bào)組織同學(xué)們分享你校剛剛舉辦的文化節(jié)活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)你以此為主題寫一篇短文投稿。內(nèi)容包括：1．簡要描述；2．體驗(yàn)和感受。注意：（1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；（2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。OurCulturalFestivalonCampus47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Michaelsawthetroublecoming.TherestandinginthehallwaywasFrank,theboywhoenjoyedmakingfunofanyoneatanygivenmoment.Frankwastallandstrong,sofewofhisvictimsstooduptohim.MichaelhatedtheideathatFrankalwaysgotawaywithhiswrongdoing.Yetlikemostkidswhowerepickedon,hejusttookitquietlyandwaitedfortheunpleasanttopass.Frankwalkedup,hiseyeslockedonthebooksinMichael'sarms.Whentheymet,Frankstoppedunexpectedly,"Hey,letmeseethosebooks!"SomestudentswatchedasMichaelheldoutthebookshewascarrying,tryingnottogiveawayhisnervousness.Franktookabook,lookedinsideforasecond,andthenthrewthebookatMichael,whodroppedalltheotherbooks."Hey,thoseareschoolproperty,"Frankbarked,"Becareful!"Thenhewalkedaway,laughingloudly.Michael,hischeeksturningred,halfkickedthefallenbooks.Suddenlyahandpickeduponebook."Youlooklikeyoucoulduseapally(盟友),"afriendlyvoicesaid.ItwasRamon,themostathleticboyinthehighschool.Michaelcouldn'tbelieveRamonwasstoppingtohelphimastheybarelyspoke."Thanks,"Michaelsighedwithrelief."It'sconfusing.Idon'tknowwhathisproblemsis.""Well,asIseeit,"Ramonsaid,"youneedtofindawaytoendthis."Michaelnodded,stuckforwhattosay.Ramoncontinued,"YouknowmygrandmotherusedtotellmewheneverIhadaproblemwithsomeone.She'dsay,‘Youcancatchmoreflieswithhoneythanwithvinegar(醋).'"Lookingpuzzled,Michaelasked,"Whatdoesthatmean?""Itmeanskindnessmaybemoreeffectivethananger,"Ramonexplained."CanyoujusttellFranktostoppickingonme?"Michaelsuggested"That'svinegar,"Ramonlaughedashewalkedaway."Tryhoneyinstead."Ramon'swordsleftMichaelthinking.ThenextschooldaybroughtMichael'susualpain.TherestoodFrank,andMichaelknewitwouldbejustsecondsbeforehehadtofacehiminthemiddleofthehall.Frankcamenearer.注意：（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右；（2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Then,suddenly,theunexpectedhappened.……MichaelbentdownandquicklypickedupFrank'sbooksonthefloor.

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．D3．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章簡要介紹了一個(gè)演藝中心即將推出的四個(gè)活動(dòng)。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題一種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時(shí)，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對(duì)照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FirstMondayJazzSeries中"MondayFeb4|onwards7—9pm(2月4日星期一起晚7點(diǎn)至9點(diǎn))"可知，人們可以在每個(gè)星期一晚上8點(diǎn)欣賞爵士樂。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SistergirlsandFreedomFighters中"StoriesinCelebrationofWomen'sPowerandGrace(歌頌女性力量與優(yōu)雅的故事)"和"Thisperformancewillhighlightarangeofstoriesthatdemonstratewomen'screativeandpoliticalgeniusfromfolkheroinestoNobelPeacePrizewinners.(從民間女英雄到諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)得主，此次演出將突出展示女性創(chuàng)造力和政治天賦的一系列故事)"可知，這個(gè)活動(dòng)講述女性的力量與優(yōu)雅，慶祝女性的成就。故選D。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GreenLightSeries中"Opentofamilieswithchildrenofallages.(對(duì)有各年齡段孩子的家庭開放)"和FamilySaturdays中"Appropriateforfamilieswithchildren.(適合有孩子的家庭)"可知，這兩個(gè)活動(dòng)的共同之處在于目標(biāo)參與者都是有孩子的家庭。故選B。【答案】4．C5．D6．B7．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。"我"在大學(xué)時(shí)期經(jīng)常在郵箱旁等待媽媽寄給"我"的最溫暖的信件，這讓"我"對(duì)紙質(zhì)信件有著深刻的情結(jié)，在搬去紐約之后"我"非常沮喪，于是"我"開始給陌生人寫信，發(fā)起了"世界需要更多愛的信件"行動(dòng)，給人們提供精神和情感上的支持。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題和主旨大意題三種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時(shí)，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對(duì)照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。做推理判斷題時(shí)，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實(shí)于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關(guān)鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項(xiàng)；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。做主旨大意題時(shí)，要求考生抓住每段或每個(gè)層次的主要含義進(jìn)行加工、提煉，通過對(duì)語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的分析即對(duì)文章內(nèi)部各層次間的邏輯關(guān)系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Iwastheonlykidincollegewithareasontogotothemailbox,becausemymotherneverbelievedinemail,inFacebook,intextingorcellphones.Iwasliterallywaitingbythemailboxtogetaletterwithawarmestcomfortfromher.(我是大學(xué)里唯一一個(gè)有理由去郵箱的孩子，因?yàn)槲夷赣H從來不相信電子郵件、Facebook、短信或手機(jī)。我真的是在信箱旁等著收到一封她給我最溫暖的安慰的信。)"和第二段第一句"SowhenImovedtoNewYorkandgotdepressed,IdidtheonlythingIcouldthinkof.(所以當(dāng)我搬到紐約感到沮喪時(shí)，我做了我唯一能想到的事。)"可知，作者分享給她在大學(xué)時(shí)期的經(jīng)歷是為了表達(dá)她對(duì)信件的深刻情結(jié)。故選C。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Overnight,myinboxbecamethisharborofheartbreak—asinglemotherinSacramento,agirlbeingbulliedinKansas,a22-year-oldimmigrant,allaskingmetowritethemandgivethemareasontowaitbythemailbox.AndthisishowIinitiatedtheactTheWorldNeedsMoreLoveLetters.(一夜之間，我的收件箱變成了心碎的港灣——薩克拉門托的單身母親，堪薩斯被欺負(fù)的女孩，一個(gè)22歲的移民，都讓我給他們寫信，給他們一個(gè)在郵箱旁等待的理由。這就是我發(fā)起"世界需要更多愛的信件"行動(dòng)的原因。)"可知，作者發(fā)起這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)是為了通過寫信給予情感上的支持。故選D。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句"SoIgettotelltotalstrangersaboutawomanwhosehusbandwastraumatized(受精神創(chuàng)傷)fromwar,andhowsheleftlovelettersthroughoutthehousesaying,"Comebacktome."(于是我開始給陌生人講述一個(gè)女人的故事，她的丈夫在戰(zhàn)爭中受到了創(chuàng)傷，她如何在家里到處留下情書，說："回到我身邊來。")"可知，作者稱郵件箱為"神奇的破冰器"是因?yàn)樗梢宰鳛檎勗挼拈_場白。故選B。7．主旨大意題。"我"在大學(xué)時(shí)期經(jīng)常在郵箱旁等待媽媽寄給"我"的最溫暖的信件，這讓"我"對(duì)紙質(zhì)信件有著深刻的情結(jié)，在搬去紐約之后"我"非常沮喪，于是"我"開始給陌生人寫信，發(fā)起了"世界需要更多愛的信件"行動(dòng)，給人們提供精神和情感上的支持。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為"世界需要更多愛的信件"。故選C?！敬鸢浮?．A9．D10．D11．B【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文介紹了頭發(fā)的創(chuàng)新性用途，清除海上的石油和充當(dāng)肥料。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時(shí)，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對(duì)照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。做推理判斷題時(shí)，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實(shí)于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關(guān)鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項(xiàng)；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"NanakoHamawasholdingalightenvelop.Whenshetoreitopenwithcare,locksofhairemerged.ManystrangerssendHamalocksoftheirhair,hopingtorecycleit."（NanakoHama手里拿著一個(gè)輕信封。當(dāng)她小心翼翼地打開盒子時(shí)，一縷縷頭發(fā)露出來。許多陌生人把自己的頭發(fā)寄給Hama，希望能回收利用。）可知，作者通過呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)場景引入主題的。故選A。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"includingmakingmats(墊子)outofitforremovingoilleaksintheocean."（包括用它做墊子來清除海洋中的石油泄漏）可知，頭發(fā)能清除海上的石油。故選D。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"That'sbecauseitsroughsortofouterlayerletsoilsticktoit."（這是因?yàn)樗植诘耐鈱幼層驼吃谏厦妗＃└鶕?jù)第四段"matsmadeofrecycledhumanhaircouldabsorb0.84gramsofoilontoitssurfaceforeverygramofhair—significantlymorethanpolypropylene(聚丙烯),atypeofplasticthat'stypicallyusedtocleanupfloatingoil.Besides,hairisalsousefulasfertilizer(化肥).Haircontainsarelativelyhighnitrogen(氮),achemicalelementcrucialforplantgrowth,andeachlockofhairismadeofroughly16percentofthisessentialnutrient."（由回收的人類頭發(fā)制成的墊子每克頭發(fā)可以吸收0.84克的油，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過聚丙烯，一種通常用于清理浮油的塑料。此外，頭發(fā)也是有用的肥料。頭發(fā)含有相對(duì)較高的氮，這是一種對(duì)植物生長至關(guān)重要的化學(xué)元素，每根頭發(fā)大約由16%的這種必需營養(yǎng)素組成。）可知，頭發(fā)的結(jié)構(gòu)和組成有助于它的創(chuàng)新用途。故選D。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段"Lastyear,morethan560gallonsofliquidfertilizermadefromhumanhairwassoldtofarmersinnorthernTanzaniaandthefeedbackfromthefarmershasbeenveryencouraging."（去年，超過560加侖的由人類頭發(fā)制成的液體肥料賣給了坦桑尼亞北部的農(nóng)民，農(nóng)民的反饋非常令人鼓舞。）可知，頭發(fā)廢料作為肥料的未來是有前途的。故選B?！敬鸢浮?2．A13．A14．C15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。旨在介紹和評(píng)價(jià)一本關(guān)于愛因斯坦及其相對(duì)論的書《愛因斯坦革命》。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題和詞義猜測題三種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時(shí)，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對(duì)照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。做推理判斷題時(shí)，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實(shí)于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關(guān)鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項(xiàng)；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。詞義猜測題的解題方法包括利用指代關(guān)系、定義、定語、文章中的舉例、比較的詞語、構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)、上下文語境、因果關(guān)系來推測詞義。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Forthefirsttimeever,bysettingEinstein'sworkinthelongcourseoftheevolutionofscientificknowledge,GutfreundandRenndiscoverthepopularmisconceptionofEinsteinasanunconventionalscientificgeniuswhosingle-handedlycreatedmodernphysics—andbypurethoughtalone(有史以來第一次，通過將愛因斯坦的工作置于科學(xué)知識(shí)的漫長進(jìn)化過程中，哈諾赫·古特弗倫德和于爾根·雷恩發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種普遍的誤解，即愛因斯坦是一個(gè)非傳統(tǒng)的科學(xué)天才，他獨(dú)自創(chuàng)造了現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)，而且僅憑純粹的想象)"可知，哈諾赫·古特弗倫德和于爾根·雷恩對(duì)流行的愛因斯坦觀點(diǎn)持反對(duì)的態(tài)度，故選A。13．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段劃線詞上文"Einsteintypicallyarguedthatscienceprogressesthroughsteadyevolution,notthroughrevolutionarybreakswiththepast.(愛因斯坦通常認(rèn)為科學(xué)是通過穩(wěn)定的進(jìn)化而進(jìn)步的，而不是通過與過去的革命性突破)"以及下文"butanaturalextensionoftheclassicalphysicsdevelopedbypioneerssuchasItalianastronomerGalileoGalileiandEnglishphysicistIsaacNewtoninthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,aswellasnineteenth-centuryphysicists(而是由意大利天文學(xué)家伽利略、英國物理學(xué)家艾薩克·牛頓等先驅(qū)在16世紀(jì)和17世紀(jì)以及19世紀(jì)物理學(xué)家發(fā)展起來的經(jīng)典物理學(xué)的自然延伸)"可推理出劃線詞的含義為"從零開始"，故選A。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"butanaturalextensionoftheclassicalphysicsdevelopedbypioneerssuchasItalianastronomerGalileoGalileiandEnglishphysicistIsaacNewtoninthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,aswellasnineteenth-centuryphysicists(而是由意大利天文學(xué)家伽利略、英國物理學(xué)家艾薩克·牛頓等先驅(qū)在16世紀(jì)和17世紀(jì)以及19世紀(jì)物理學(xué)家發(fā)展起來的經(jīng)典物理學(xué)的自然延伸)"可推理作者提到著名物理學(xué)家是為了說明他們的研究為愛因斯坦的成功做出了貢獻(xiàn)，故選C。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"InTheEinsteinianRevolution,twoexpertsonEinstein'slifeandhistheoryofrelativity—IsraeliphysicistHanochGutfreundandGermanhistorianofscienceJürgenRenn—offeranoriginalandpenetrating(犀利的)analysisofEinstein'srevolutionarycontributionstophysicsandourviewofthephysicalworld(在《愛因斯坦的革命》一書中，兩位對(duì)愛因斯坦的生活及其相對(duì)論頗有研究的專家——以色列物理學(xué)家哈諾赫·古特弗倫德和德國科學(xué)史學(xué)家于爾根·雷恩，對(duì)愛因斯坦對(duì)物理學(xué)和我們看待物理世界的觀點(diǎn)的革命性貢獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了原創(chuàng)且犀利的分析。)"、第三段"Asalargepartofthebookexplains,Einsteintypicallyarguedthatscienceprogressesthroughsteadyevolution,notthroughrevolutionarybreakswiththepast(正如該書中的大量內(nèi)容所解釋的那樣，愛因斯坦通常認(rèn)為，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步是通過穩(wěn)步發(fā)展而來的，而不是通過顛覆過去的革命性突破實(shí)現(xiàn))"以及最后一段"Althoughnotalwaysaneasyread,thebookwillinterestphysicistsandhistoriansalike(雖然這本書并不總是那么容易閱讀，但物理學(xué)家和歷史學(xué)家都會(huì)對(duì)它感興趣)"可推理出，本文取自對(duì)一本書的介紹，故選B?！敬鸢浮?6．C；17．E；18．G；19．D；20．B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。解決問題的能力在職場中越來越有價(jià)值，也可以幫助你在個(gè)人生活中取得更多成就。以下是如何提高這一能力的策略。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查任務(wù)型閱讀（七選五）。解題時(shí)，要求考生注意通讀整篇文章，把握整段脈絡(luò)，理出文章的中心，分析段落之間和段落內(nèi)部的層次。選項(xiàng)與前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系是確定答案的主要依據(jù)。可以從意思、關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞來分析段落之間以及段落內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系。七選五解題的一些實(shí)用技巧如下。第一，快速瀏覽全文，把握文章主旨。在開始解題前，快速瀏覽全文，了解文章的大致內(nèi)容和主題，有助于更好地理解和判斷每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的合適性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是對(duì)整段的概括或引入，而段尾句則常常是對(duì)該段的總結(jié)或結(jié)論。因此，關(guān)注這些句子有助于我們快速了解段落的主旨，從而更好地選擇答案。第三，利用上下文語境和邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷。在選擇答案時(shí)，要仔細(xì)閱讀上下文，尋找與選項(xiàng)相關(guān)的線索和信息，如關(guān)聯(lián)詞、同義詞、反義詞等。同時(shí)，也要根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷，如因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列等，從而確定正確答案。第四，排除法也是一種有效的解題方法。當(dāng)面對(duì)多個(gè)選項(xiàng)時(shí)，可以先排除與文章主旨或上下文不符的選項(xiàng)，然后再根據(jù)剩余選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行比較和選擇。16．根據(jù)上文"Thekeytoeffectiveproblemsolvingistheabilitytobreakdowncomplexissuesintosmaller,moremanageablecomponents."（有效解決問題的關(guān)鍵是將復(fù)雜問題分解成更小、更易于管理的組件的能力。）根據(jù)下文"Thisinvolvessystematicallydeconstructingaproblem,understandingitsdifferencesandidentifyingtherelationshipsbetweenitsvariouselements."（這涉及到系統(tǒng)地解構(gòu)一個(gè)問題，了解其差異，并確定其各種要素之間的關(guān)系。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上下文說明要找到合理的方法。故C選項(xiàng)"改進(jìn)它需要一種結(jié)構(gòu)化的方法"切題。故選C。17．根據(jù)標(biāo)題"Promotecreativity"（提高創(chuàng)造力）?？芍?，選項(xiàng)承接上文說明創(chuàng)新思維的重要性。故E選項(xiàng)"創(chuàng)新思維對(duì)于解決問題至關(guān)重要"。故選E。18．根據(jù)上文"Activelistening,ontheotherhand,istheskillofreceivinginformationwithfocus."（另一方面，積極傾聽是一種集中注意力接受信息的技能）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文說明傾聽的內(nèi)涵。故G選項(xiàng)"它不僅包括聽單詞，還包括理解不同之處。"切題。故選G。19．根據(jù)上文"Mistakesarenotfailuresbutagoodwaytosuccess."（錯(cuò)誤不是失敗，而是成功的好方法）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文說明錯(cuò)誤的作用。故D選項(xiàng)"個(gè)錯(cuò)誤都會(huì)給你一個(gè)思考和學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)"切題。故選D。20．根據(jù)下文"Seekingcontinuouslearningopportunitiesensuresthatyoustayaheadofchangingchallengesandacquirethenecessaryskills."（尋求持續(xù)的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)可以確保你走在不斷變化的挑戰(zhàn)的前面，并獲得必要的技能）可知，本段主要是關(guān)于要尋求持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。故B選項(xiàng)"尋求持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)"為本段的標(biāo)題。故選B?！敬鸢浮?1．A；22．B；23．A；24．D；25．C；26．D；27．C；28．D；29．B；30．A；31．C；32．A；33．D；34．B；35．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了兒子的棒球隊(duì)進(jìn)行重要比賽的時(shí)候，作者卻發(fā)現(xiàn)兒子在盯著夜空看，休息的時(shí)候兒子過