專題12-閱讀理解議論文(原卷版)-高考英語真題及模擬題英語分項匯編

專題12閱讀理解議論文-2023年高考真題及模擬題匯編2023年高考真題Passage1【2023年全國乙卷】Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented. B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.13.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific. B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay. D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. D.Society.15.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld B.AShortHistoryofAustraliaC.AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects D.HowArtWorksTellStories2023年名校模擬題Passage1（2023·山東·山東省實驗中學?？级＃〥anonePortugalintroducedanewyogurtnamedJuntos.Foreverypackofyogurtthatapersonbought,hewoulddonateyogurttoafamilyinneed.Danonehaddoneitsresearch.Increasingly,peoplesaytheywanttobuyfrombrandsthatgivethemasenseofpurpose.Surelyayogurtthathelpedtheneedywouldbeappealing.ButJuntoswasafailure.Despitesinkingmillionsintoamarketingcampaign,DanonepulledJuntosfromthemarketonlymonthsafteritwaslaunched.Nowthesameproductissimplymarketedasatastyyogurt.Whathappened?TofindthereasonbehindJuntos’failure,LawrenceWilliamsandhiscolleaguesdidanexperimentwheretheyshowedpeoplesomeproductsandaskedthesepeopletopickoneoption.Theyremindedsometofocusonthe“purposefulandvaluable”aspectwhileothersweretoldto“enjoythemselves”andfocuson“delightandpleasure.”Theyfoundthatparticipantswhoprioritizedmeaningpreferredthelessexpensiveproductwhencomparedwithpeoplewhoputpleasureinthefirstplace.Sowhyweremeaning-seekerscheapingout?LawrenceWilliamsaskedparticipantstoexplaintheirdecision-makingtofindout.Helearnedthatmeaning-orientedpeoplewerenotthinkingabouthowtheproducttheymightbuycouldbringmeaningtotheirlives.Instead,theywereoccupiedwithwhatelsetheycoulddowiththeirmoney.Iamallforpeoplemakingwiseandstrategicfinancialchoices.Butcheapproductscancreatemanyproblems.Inexpensiveoptionsoftendonotlastaslongasthehigher-endones.Asaresult,weshopmoreoften,whichisultimatelyworseforourwallets.Plus,thatspendingpatterncandoagreaterdamagetotheenvironment.Thanksinparttofastfashion,peoplebuy60percentmoreclothingtodaythantheydid15yearsago.Thefashionindustryaloneemitsmoregreenhousegasesthaninternationalflightsandmaritime(海洋的)shippingcombined.Sobeforeyoudiveintoyourwalletforsomedeals,trynottofixonlyonwhatyouarespendingorsaving.Thinkcarefullyaboutwhatyouarebuying,too.1．WhatisthemainreasonforthefailureofJuntos?A．Itignoredmarketingstrategies. B．Itpriceditselfrelativelyhigh.C．Itlackedaparticularlygoodtaste. D．Itfocusedondelightandpleasure.2．Whatcanbeinferredaboutmeaningseekers?A．Theyfrequenthigh-endstores. B．Theythinkproductsextendtheirlives.C．Theyhesitatetomakedecisions. D．Theymakemorepurchaseswithmoney.3．HowisParagraph4mainlydeveloped?A．Bygivingsomeexamples. B．Bylistingnumbersanddata.C．Byexplainingreasons. D．Bymakingsomecomparisons.4．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．Innovation:aProduct’sLife B．ToBuyornottoBuyC．MeaningseekersorQuality-pursuers D．FastFashion:aHittoYourWalletPassage2（2023·山東淄博·統(tǒng)考三模）Thereisnouniversallyacceptedagethatisconsideredoldamongorwithinsocieties.Oftendisagreementsexistastowhatageasocietymayconsideroldandwhatmembersinthatsocietyofthatageandoldermayconsiderold.Moreover,biologistsarenotinagreementabouttheexistenceofaninternalbiologicalcauseforaging.Ingeneralthesocialstatusofanagegroupisrelatedtoitseffectiveinfluenceinitssociety,whichisassociatedwiththatgroup’sfunctioninproductivity.Inagriculturalsocietiestheelderlyhaveastatusofrespectability.Theirlifeexperiencesandknowledgeareregardedasvaluable,especiallyinpreliterate(尚無文字的)societieswhereknowledgeisorallytransmitted.Therangeofactivitiesinthesesocietiesallowstheelderlytocontinuetobeproductivemembersoftheircommunities.Inindustrializednations,althoughincertainfieldsoldageisstillconsideredsignificant,particularlyinthepoliticalfield,olderpeopleareincreasinglybeingforcedintoretirementbeforetheirproductiveyearsareover,causingproblemsintheirpsychologicaladaptationstooldage.Retirementisnotregardedunfavorablyinallinstances,butitseconomiclimitationstendtofurtherremoveolderpeoplefromtherangeofinfluenceandraiseproblemsintheextendeduseofleisuretimeandhousing.Asaconsequence,financialpreparationforretirementhasbecomeanincreasedconcernforindividualsandsociety.Familialrelationshipstendtobethefocusoftheelderly’sattention.However,thetendencyforyoungpeopleinindustrializedcountriestobehighlymobilehasforcedolderpeopletodecidewhethertomovetokeepupwiththeirfamiliesortoremaininneighborhoodswhichalsochange,alteringtheirfamiliarpatternsofactivity.Althoughmostolderpeopledolivewithinanhourfromtheirclosestchild,industrializedsocietiesarefacedwithformulatingprogramstoaccommodateincreasingnumbersofolderpeoplewhofunctionindependentlyoftheirfamilies.Adulteducationprogramsarebeginningtoclosethegenerationgap;however,aseachsuccessivegenerationreachesoldage,bringingwithititsparticulartendenciesandpreferences,newproblemsariserequiringnewsocialaccommodations.5．Whatcountsfortheelderlyinagriculturalsocieties?A．Theirstatusofrespectability. B．Theirvalueinproductivity.C．Theirrichknowledgeineducation. D．Theirextraordinaryabilitytowork.6．Whatcanwelearnabouttheelderly’sretirementfromParagraph3?A．Ithasfadedtheelderlyworries.B．Itmeanstheendofproductiveability.C．Itisconsideredbeneficialinalldistances.D．Itinfluencestheelderlypsychologicallyandfinancially.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“formulating”inParagraph4mean?A．Planning. B．Changing.C．Extending. D．Canceling.8．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Apersonaljournal. B．Ascienceresearch.C．Asocialissuereview. D．Acommunitybrochure.Passage3（2023·河南鄭州·統(tǒng)考模擬預測）Someexpertshavebeenconcernedlatelyaboutrobotsleavinghumansbehind,takingourjobsandpossiblyalotmore,asinsci-fifilms.ChristofKoch,afamousneuroscientist(神經學家),hassuggestedanovelmethod.Tokeepupwiththemachines,weshouldincreaseourbrainpowerwithbrainimplants(植人物).Kochnotesthatbrainimplantsarealreadyhelpingtheparalyzedorpeopleunabletomovecontrolcomputersandrobots,andtheyarebeingexploredforthetreatmentofmentaldisorders.Futureimplantscouldhelpusdownloadhugeamountsofinformationinstantly,hesays,sowecanlearn“novelskillsandfactswithouteventrying”.“Anotherexcitingaspect,”Kochsays,“iscombiningtwoormorebrainsintoasingleconsciousmindbydirectneuron-to-neuronlinks.”Kochcallsfora“crashprogram”inbraintechnologiestomakeussmarter.ButKochignorestheobviousfactsthatbadpersonscanhack(侵入)intooursmartphonesandlaptops.Whatifhackerscouldattackourbrains?Theymaybeabletospyon,changeorcontrolthememoriesofpeopleimplantedwithbraindevices.What’smore,wearenowhereclosetobeingabletostrengthenthebraininthemannerthatKochimagines.Scientistshavebeenexperimentingwithneuro-technologiesformentalillnessformorethanhalfacentury,andtheyhavelittletoshowforit.Kochgenuinelyfearedthatscience,farfromaddressingourproblems,mightexacerbatethem.Theuseofrobotsintheworkshop,forexample,couldcausemassunemployment.Dowejustcounttheimmediatejoblosses—withoutmeasuringanyotherpotentialpositiveeffectontheeconomy?Despitelosingsomejobstorobotsintheshortterm,theincreaseinproductivitywillhelpouroveralleconomygrowfaster,which,inturn,willcreatemore,higherqualityjobsthanwehadbefore.Thefutureisnotasscaryaswethink.Perhapswe’vegotseriousproblemsonourhands,andwehavealotofworktodotosettlethem.Brainimplantsarenottheanswer.9．WhatleadstoKoch’soptimismaboutfuturebrainimplants?A．ThegreatadvanceinAIresearch.B．Theirapplicationinmedicalfields.C．Thebreakthroughinsurgicaltechniques.D．Theireasyadaptationtothehumanbody.10．HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutKoch’s“crashprogram”inbraintechnologies?A．Disapproving. B．Unconcerned. C．Favorable. D．Excited.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbate”inparagraph4mean?A．Avoid. B．Worsen. C．Reduce. D．Answer.12．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．AreBrainImplantsatRiskofHackerAttack?B．WillRobotsTakethePlaceofHumansinFuture?C．WillBrainImplantsLettheDisabledLiveNormally?D．DoWeNeedBrainImplantstoKeepUpwithRobots?Passage4（2023·山西·校聯(lián)考模擬預測）Whatdoyouwantfromlife?Perhapsyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily,orgetamoresecurejob,orimproveyourhealth.Butwhydoyouwantthosethings?Chancesarethatyouranswerwillcomedowntoonething:Happiness.Yetthereissomeevidencethattoomuchpursuitofhappinessisassociatedwithagreaterriskofdepression.Modernconceptionsofhappinessareprimarilypractical,focusingonwhatwemightcallthetechniquesofhappiness.Theconcernisnotwhathappinessis,butinsteadonhowtogetit.Butmaximizingpleasureisn’ttheonlyoption.Everyhumanlife,eventhemostfortunate,isfilledwithpain.Painfulloss,painfuldisappointments,thephysicalpainofinjuryorsickness,andthementalpainoflong-sufferingboredom,loneliness,orsadness.Painisanunavoidableconsequenceofbeingalive.Allthegoodthingsinlifeinvolvesuffering.Writinganovel,runningamarathon,orgivingbirthallcausesufferinginpursuitofthefinal,joyousresult.Thereareotherfactorsaswell.IntheeyesofAristotle,wegethappinessbyexercisingouruniquelyhumancapabilitiestothinkandreason.Butthinkingandreasoningareasmuchsocialactivitiesastheyareindividual.Happinessrequiresothers;itisnotanemotionalstatesomuchasitistheexcellenceoftherelationswecultivatewithotherpeople.Buteventhatcannotguaranteehappiness.Aristotlerecognisedthatourhappinessishostage（人質）tofortune.Eventsbeyondanyindividual’scontrol—war,poverty,andglobalpandemics—willoftenmakehappinessimpossible.Happinessisnotamentalstatethatcanbepermanentlywon,butinsteadit’sapracticewhichwehone（磨練）,imperfectly,incircumstancesonlypartlyofourmaking.Recognizingthiswillnotsecureagoodlife,butitwillavoidtheillusory（虛幻的）hopeofpermanentcontentment.Nolifeworthlivingshouldmeettheonlystandard.Instead,aimwithAristotletoembracethosefaultsandtoflowerinspiteofthem.13．Wherecanyoufindnegativeeffectsoffocusingtoomuchon“happiness”?A．Inparagraph2. B．Inparagraph3.C．Inparagraph4. D．Inparagraph5.14．Howdoestheauthorprovethatpainisanunavoidableresultofbeingalive?A．Bymakingcomparisons. B．Byanalyzingcauses.C．Bygivingexamples. D．Bytellingstories.15．WhatisAristotle’sviewonhappiness?A．Happinessisastableemotionalstate.B．Goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtohappiness.C．Takingpartinsocialactivitiesguaranteeshappiness.D．Happinesspromotesindependentthinkingandreasoning.16．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Happinessiswhathumanspursueforever.B．Happinessliesintheprocessofpursuingit.C．Ourpursuitofhappinessmaybeimperfect.D．Depressionandhappinessareequallyimportant.Passage5（2022·廣東佛山·統(tǒng)考模擬預測）Oneoftheoldestmetaphors(隱喻)forhumaninteractionwithtechnologyistherelationshipofmasterandslave.Aristotleimaginedthattechnologycouldreplaceslaveryifmachinebecameautomated.MarxandEngelssawthingsdifferently.“Massesoflaborersaredailyandhourlyenslavedbythemachine,”theywroteintheCommunistManifesto.Today,computersoftenplaybothroles.NicholasCarr,inhisnewbookTheGlassCage:AutomationandUs,takesastandonwhethersuchtechnologyimprisonsorliberatesitsusers.Weareincreasinglyengaged,heargues,buttheinvisibilityofourhigh-techtrapsgivesusthe‘imageoffreedom’.Hedescribesdoctorswhorelysomuchondecision-assistancesoftwarethattheyoverlooksignalsthatarenotobviousfrompatients.Allofthishasobviousimplicationsfortheuseoftechnologyinclassrooms:Whendotechnologiesfreestudentstothinkaboutmoreinterestingandcomplexquestions,andwhendotheydestroytheverycognitive(認知)capacitiesthattheyaremeanttoimprove?TheeffectofspellcheckandAutoCorrectsoftwareisanexample.Psychologistshavefoundtheactofformingawordinyourmindstrengthensyourcapacitytorememberit.Whenacomputerautomaticallycorrectsaspellingmistake,we’renolongerforcedtoformthecorrectspellinginourminds.Thismightnotseemveryimportant.Theprocessofwordformationisnotjustsupplementingspellingskills,it’salsodestroyingstudents.Whenstudentsfindthemselveswithoutautomatedspellingassistance,theydon’tfacetheprospectoffreezingtodeath,astheInuitsdidwhentheirGPSmalfunctioned,butthey’remorelikelytomakeerrors.Thiscreatesaviciouscycle:Themoreweusethetechnology,themoreweneedtouseitinallcircumstances.Suddenly,ourpositionasmastersoftechnologystartstoseemmoreinsecure.17．WhatdidMarxandEngelsthinkofthemachine?A．Itdidtheboringdailyworkforpeople.B．Itfailedtofreepeoplefrombeingenslaved.C．Itgavepeoplemoretimetoenjoythemselves.D．Itwastheresultofthedevelopmentoftechnology.18．WhichofthefollowingisNicholasCarrmostlikelytoagreewith?A．Technologyisaguaranteeoffreedom.B．Doctorsshouldstayawayfromtechnology.C．Toomuchinvolvementwithtechnologymayberisky.D．Somedecision-assistancesoftwareneedsimproving.19．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph4referto?A．Studentsbeingunabletospellwordscorrectly.B．Spellcheckhelpingstudentsremembermorewords.C．Studentsdependingtoomuchonspellingsoftware.D．Spellcheckdestroyingstudents’cognitivecapacities.20．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．Istechnologymakingpeoplestupidornot?B．Whichareasaremostaffectedbytechnology?C．Arepeoplesatisfiedwiththeadvancementoftechnology?D．Whyshouldn’ttechnologybeemployedintheclassroom?Passage6（2022·湖北·校聯(lián)考模擬預測）WhenIsteppedintotheSamcheongParkLibraryinSeoul,Isawthefuture.Thesimplebuildinghadaniceselectionofbooksandacafewherereaderscouldenjoycoffeewhilegazingattheleavesoutside.Itwasspecificallydesignedwithoutanylatesttechnology.“What’ssoinnovativeaboutthat?”alibrarianinTorontoaskedwhenIshowedherpictures.IInnovationtohermeantdigitaltechnology,like3Dprinters.“Whycouldn’ttheybothbeinnovative?”Iasked.Weareconstantlytoldthatinnovationisthemostimportantforceinoureconomy,withoutwhichwewouldbeleftbehind.Butthatfearofmissingouthasledustofallintothefalsetrappingsofinnovationovertrulyinnovativeideasthatmaybesimplerandmoreeffective.Thismindsetimpliesthatifyoujustbuythenewthing,youhaveinnovated!Eachyear,businessesandindividualsrunaroundlikebrokentoyrobots,tryingtofigureouttheirstrategyforthelatestbuzzwordequipment.Atbest,thisisawasteofresources.Devicesarebought,usedandabandoned,asthetechnology’scapabilitiesfallshortofitspromise.Butatitsworst,thisapproachcantrulycausedamage.Schoolscutfieldtripstopurchasetabletswithfewprovenbenefits.CompaniesthatappliedAIintohiringhaveactuallystrengthenedgenderandracialprejudices.Trueinnovationisn’tjustsomemagicdevices.Itisacontinuingprocessofreflectionandreassessment,whichoftenmeansadopting“old”ideasandtoolsinanewcontext,orevenreturningtomethodsthatworkedinthepast.Adjustedproperly,theserearview(后視的)innovationshaveprovedastransformativeasnoveltechnologies.LooknofartherthanthestreetsofNewYork,whichhavebeenredesignedrecentlytoaccommodatecyclistswithcar-freezones.Theideaisn’tnew.Itwascreatedhalfacenturyago,withtheaimofbringingcitiesbacktotheirresidents.Andwhilee-readersaleshavebeenexploding,Penguinjustannounceditwouldpublishtinyprintedbooks,anidealsolutionforamarketdemandingbothconvenienceandphysicality.21．HowdoestheauthorlikeabouttheSamcheongParkLibraryinSeoul?A．Unexceptional. B．Boring.C．Refreshing. D．Old-fashioned.22．What’sthemainideaofParagraph3?A．Innovationisimportantforthegrowthofeconomy.B．Thepublichasmisreadthemeaningofinnovation.C．Thetruemeaningofinnovationistobuynewthings.D．Trulyinnovativeideasshouldn’tbesimpleandeffective.23．Whatdoesthewriteragreewithaboutinnovation?A．Wastingresourcesareamustforinnovation.B．Magicdevicesencourageinnovation.C．Innovationshouldbehuman-centered.D．Thepoweroftechnologyisundervalued.24．Whatisthewritingpurposeofthetext?A．Toconvincepeopleofthetruemeaningofinnovation.B．Toshowthatfutureliesinreturningtothepast.C．Tointroducesomebestideasaboutinnovation.D．Tostresstheimportantroleinnovationplaysineconomy.Passage7（2022·湖北·校聯(lián)考模擬預測）AmeasureintheHouse’s$2trillioneconomicbillwouldrequirestatestocutgreenhousegasemissions(排放)promisingrewardsfortransportationdepartmentsthatpostreductionsand“consequences”forthosethatdon’t.PeterA．DeFazio,chairmanoftheTransportationCommittee,saidtheproposalisdesignedtopushstatestoact.“We’regoingtogivethemverylargemotivationtoactuallymakethosemeaningfultargetsanddeliveronthosetargets,”hesaid.Accordingtotheproposal,statesthatcutemissionscouldgeta$1billionpotofmoneyandpotentiallyreceiveotherbonusfundingfromthefederalgovernment.Thebilldoesn’tspelloutpotentialconsequencesfornotreducingemissions,leavingthedecisiontonationaltransportationofficials.Expertssaytheycouldincludebarrierstoaccessinghighlyprizedgrantfunds(撥款).Muchoftheattentiononcuttingemissionsfromthetransportindustry-thenation’slargestemitterofgreenhousegases-hasfocusedontheadoptionofelectricvehiclesbyputtingmoneyinchargingfactoriesandsupportingbattery-poweredcars.Thenewmeasuresideswithenvironmentaladvocateswhoarguethenationcan’tbattleachangingclimatewithoutchanginghowAmericansmovearound.Environmentalistssaythenation’schangingtoelectricvehiclesprobablywon’thappenquicklyenoughtolimittemperaturerisesunlessAmericanscanbeconvincedtodriveless,andthatwouldmeanbuildingnewnetworksfocusedonwalking,cyclingandtransit(運輸).Oppositiontotheemissionmeasureisdeep-seated.TheheadsoffivewesternstatetransportationdepartmentswrotealettertoCapitol’scommitteelastmonthsayingtheproposalwouldharmruralareasbecauseoptionssuchasheavy-trafficpricingarenotwell-suitedtoplaceswhicharepopulatedinfewpeople,anditdoesn’tmakesensetotargetthosestateagencieswhentherearemultiplereasonsthatinfluenceemissions,includingfueleconomystandardsforcarsandlocaldecisionsaboutwheretobuildstoresandhomes.KevinDeGood,atransportationresearcher,saidbasicconstructionshapehowpeoplecangetaround.“Itisfunnythatthestatetransportationdepartmentssuggestintheletterthattheydonotdeeplyinfluencegreenhousegasemissionsfromthetransportationindustry,”hesaid.25．Howdoesthegovernmentprovidemotivation?A．Bypraising. B．Bypunishing.C．Byfinancing. D．Byrestricting.26．Whatisanintendedresultofthebill?A．Greatlychangedclimate. B．Moreconvenientstores.C．Stablefueleconomystandards. D．Eco-friendlytransportsystem.27．Whydidsomestatesmentionheavy-trafficpricing?A．Toopposetheemissionmeasure. B．Tointroducesolutionstoemission.C．Tocallforattentiontoruralareas. D．Tolistseveralreasonsforemission.28．What’sKevin’sattitudetowardstheletterinparagraph4?A．Supportive. B．Disapproving.C．Shocked. D．Confident.Passage8（2023·四川成都·成都七中?？寄M預測）Thankstoin-depthreportingbyTheWallStreetJournal,wenowknowthatFacebookhaslongbeenawareitsproductInstagramhasharmfuleffectsonthementalhealthofmanyadolescentusers.Younggirls,inparticular,strugglewiththeirbodyimagethankstoaconstantstreamofphotosandvideosshowingbeautifulbodiesthatusersdon’tthinktheycanattain.Whiletheinformationthejournalcoveredisessentialandinstructive,itdoesnottellthewholestory.Deepdown,thisisnotanInstagramproblem;it’sapeopleproblem.Understandingthatdistinctioncanmakethedifferencebetweenafailedattempttocontainateen’sinterestinanaddictiveappandsuccessfullyaddressingtheunderlyingproblemleadingtomentaldistresscausedbyInstagram.CriticswerequicktoshameFacebookforsittingonthedataandnotreleasingittoresearchersoracademicswhoaskedforit.Otherscriticizethesocialmediagiantfornotusingtheresearchtocreateasaferexperienceforitsteenusers.Theanger,whileunderstandable,ismisplaced.WhileI’mreluctanttodefendFacebook,I’mnotsureit’sreasonabletoblamethecompanyforrefusingtogivedatathatwouldhurtitsbusiness.Haveyoueverbinge-watchedaNetflixseries?Iassureyouitwasn’tahealthyendeavor.Youwereinactive,likelydidnothingproductive,mindlesslysnackedanddidn’tgooutsideforfreshair.ItisanobjectivelyharmfuluseoftimetostareataTVorlaptopforafullweekend.ShouldwerespondbyshamingNetflixfornotalertingustohowdamaginganaddictiveproductcanbe?Whileit’sreasonabletosayInstagrammakesesteemissuesworse,itisalmostimpossibletobelieveitcausestheminthefirstplace.Youcreateyourownexperiencesonsocialmedia.Forthemostpart,youchoosewhichaccountstofollowandengage.Ifyou’realreadyvulnerabletoinsecuritiesandself-sabotage(自損)—asmanyteensare—youwillfindaccountstoobsessover.Andthisisn’tanewphenomenon.Beforesocialmedia,thereweresimilarissuesfuelingself-esteemissues.Whetherthetargetbemagazines,moviesortelevisionshowsdepictingdifficult-to-attainbodies,therehasbeenarelativelysteadychorusofexpertsnotingthedamagenewmediacouldcauseyoungviewers.Self-esteemissueshaveanunderlyingcause—onethat’sindependentofsocialmediause.Instagrammerelyenhancesthosefeelingsbecauseitprovidesinfinitelymoreaccesstotriggersthanolderformsofmedia.It’smoreworthwhiletoaddressthoseunderlyingfactorsratherthantoattackFacebook.29．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthecriticismsagainstInstagram?A．TheyaddressthementalpaincausedbyInstagram.B．Theyarenotdirectedatthefundamentalproblem.C．TheyareonlybasedonthedatareleasedbyFacebook.D．Theyareeffectiveinchangingteens’interestinaddictiveapps.30．WhyisNetflixmentioned?A．TodefendwhyFacebookistoblame.B．ToshowNetflixdoesmoreharmtoteens.C．Tosuggestthecritics’remarksarenottothepoint.D．TocomparethecriticismsagainstitandFacebook.31．WhyistheInstagramproblemessentiallya“peopleproblem”?A．Peoplehaveatendencytofeelinsecureonline.B．Peoplearekeenonmakinguptheirself-profile.C．Itishumannaturetogetaddictedtosocialmedia.D．Usersdecideontheirexperiencesonsocialmedia.32．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．ThefiercecriticismfacedbyFacebook.B．TheharmfulimpactofInstagramonteenagers.C．Thealarmingonlinehabitsofteenagersworldwide.D．TherootofmentalsufferingscausedbyInstagram.Passage9（2023·廣東韶關·統(tǒng)考二模）Manyofusseemtohavelivesthatfollowacertainpath.Fromkindergartenallthewaytomarriage,everystageofourlivesseemstobepreset.Althoughthisworkswellformanypeople,accordingtoBritishmotivationalphilosopherJayShetty,thereisno“right”scheduletoliveourlivesby.Afewmonthsago,avideoofShetty’sspeechBeforeYouFeelPressurewentviralontheInternetacrosstheworld.Inthevideo,hesendsanimportantmessagethatweshouldthink“outsideofthepath”andhavethecouragetofollowourh