2024高考英語一輪統(tǒng)考復(fù)習(xí)第二編語法突破專題10數(shù)詞和主謂一致學(xué)案含解析外研版

PAGE專題十數(shù)詞和主謂一樣1.(2024·天津高考，8)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,________(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.答案：wasgivenAaswellasB作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由A，也就是本題中的Amy確定；由lastweek可知give表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，且Amy與give之間是被動關(guān)系，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。2．(2024·浙江高考，56)Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody________(have)toworryaboutfashion(時尚).答案：has/willhave空格前面的從句為一般現(xiàn)在時，主句謂語動詞應(yīng)當用一般現(xiàn)在時或者一般將來時。而句子主語nobody是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以當句子為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。3．(2024·江蘇高考，22)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers________(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.答案：hasgiven句意：這位音樂家和他的樂隊成員在過去三個月里共演出了10場。依據(jù)時間狀語inthelastthreemonths可知，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時；當主語后接alongwith構(gòu)成的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語保持一樣，故此處用hasgiven。4．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，64)Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit________(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.答案：isit指代上文提到的“runningregularly”，由says可知，本句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時，it是第三人稱單數(shù)，故用is。5．(2024·天津高考，6)Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,________(be)regardedasoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.答案：is當主語后面接由alongwith引起的短語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)和alongwith前面的主語保持一樣；這里描述的是客觀事實，故用is。6．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，67)Fastfood________(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.答案：isfastfood“快餐”，表示一類食物，為不行數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。此處描述的是客觀事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填is。7．(2024·江蘇高考，24)ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which________(be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens'statusasaleadingnovelist.答案：was關(guān)系代詞which指代的是先行詞GreatExpectations，是一本書，再依據(jù)strengthened可知需用一般過去時。故用was。8．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ，短文改錯)Then,whenIwasinthefivegrade,Iwantedtobeateacher.__________________________________________________________________答案：five→fifth“上五年級”有兩種表達方式：inthefifth/5thgrade或inGrade5/Five。9．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ，短文改錯)Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.__________________________________________________________________答案：include→includes句中that用作主語，指代learning，是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以將include改為includes。10．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，短文改錯)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.__________________________________________________________________答案：eighteen→eighteenth表示“第十八個生日”應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞1．基數(shù)詞的用法(1)基數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語、同位語和表語。ThreeofushavebeentoGuangzhou.I'dliketwosweatersformydaughter.Thedeskisforyoutwo.—Howoldareyou?—I'mtwelve.(2)基數(shù)詞表示詳細數(shù)目時，hundred,thousand,million用單數(shù)。在表示“數(shù)百”“數(shù)千”“數(shù)百萬”等不確定數(shù)目時，在hundreds,thousands,millions后接“of＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。TheGreatWallisoversixthousandkilometerslong.Thosemountainsarethousandsofmetreshigh.(3)表示“幾十”的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，可用來表示某人的歲數(shù)或年頭。HewenttotheUnitedStatesinhistwenties.(4)“基數(shù)詞＋名詞”構(gòu)成的合成形容詞作定語，其中的名詞用單數(shù)。atwo-monthholiday兩個月的假2．序數(shù)詞的用法(1)序數(shù)詞前要加定冠詞the,在句中作定語放在被修飾的名詞前。Thesecondlessonismoredifficultthanthefirst.(2)序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞a/an，表示“再一，又一”的意思。Shecouldnotgothroughthatasecondtime.(3)給東西編號時，序號在前用序數(shù)詞，序號在后用基數(shù)詞。TheFifthLesson/LessonFive第五課No.14middleschool十四中[留意]房間號碼和電話號碼要一個一個分別讀。Room203(讀作roomtwoothree)754662(讀作sevenfivefourdoublesixtwo)(4)分數(shù)表示法分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。分子是1時，分母用單數(shù)；分子大于1時，分母用復(fù)數(shù)。eq\f(1,4)one-fourth或aquartereq\f(3,4)three-fourthseq\f(1,2)ahalf或onehalfeq\f(2,5)two-fifths1eq\f(1,5)oneandone-fifth3．年份、日期、時刻讀法(1)年份/四位數(shù)通常分兩組來讀1996讀作nineteenninety-six1905讀作nineteenofive或nineteenandfive2000讀作twothousand(2)日期用序數(shù)詞表示July3rd讀作JulythethirdNovember25th讀作Novemberthetwenty-fifthDecember1st讀作Decemberthefirst世紀也用序數(shù)詞表示：the20thcentury(3)時刻時刻有兩種讀法：一是干脆讀數(shù)字，先說鐘點數(shù)，后說分鐘數(shù)；二是先說分鐘數(shù)，后說鐘點數(shù)。用介詞past表示幾點過幾分(不超過半小時)或用to表示幾點差幾分(超過半小時，還差多少分鐘到下一個鐘點)。4：10fourten/tenpastfour5：15fivefifteen/aquarterpastfive6：30sixthirty/halfpastsix7：45sevenforty-five/aquartertoeight主謂一樣主語和謂語一樣，主要是謂語動詞必需和作主語的名詞或人稱代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一樣。主謂一樣通常有語法一樣、意義一樣和就近一樣三個原則。主謂一樣的?？键c語法一樣的常考點and連接兩個或兩個以上單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)LucyandLilyaretwinsisters.manya,morethanone接單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)①Manyafamouspopstarhasbeenruinedbydrugs.②Morethanoneworkerhasfinishedthetask.關(guān)系代詞作主語，定語從句中謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于先行詞①I'mreadytodoallthosethingswhicharemorechallenging.②Theytooktheonlyfreetable,whichwasjustinsidethedoor.主語后有with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides,aswellas,ratherthan,but,including,inadditionto等短語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與短語前的名詞或代詞的數(shù)保持一樣①They,togetherwithmyfather,havegonetoWashington.②Tom,aswellashisparents,goestoBeijingforavisit.③Lily,ratherthanhertwosisters,wasadmittedintoTsinghuaUniversity.動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語以及從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。注：what引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，假如表語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)①Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.②Whetherwe'llgodependsontheweather.③Whatwehavetocarryisaheavybox.④Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.意義一樣的?？键c“thenumberof...”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；“anumberof...”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)①ThenumberoftravellerstoLondonhasdroppedby100,000.②AnumberoffactorieshavebeenmovedoutofBeijing.表示時間、金錢、距離、重量的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)①2,500milesisalongdistance.②Twohoursistooshortforthevisit.國名、人名、書名、組織機構(gòu)等專出名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)TheUnitedStatesisalargecountry.分數(shù)，百分數(shù)，all,some,most,therest,theremaining,partof等作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)依據(jù)of后的名詞確定①Therestoftheworkersarestillverytired.②Therestoftheoilwaswasted.③Alotofstudentsarecomingtothemeeting.④Alotofworkistobedonetopreparefortheconference.⑤Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.“the＋形容詞”表示一類人/物時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示抽象概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)①Manyofthewoundedweresenttohospitalimmediately.②Thebeautifulislovedbyall.意義一樣的?？键cfamily,class,enemy,team,group,government等集體名詞若看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；若側(cè)重其成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)①Ourteamwinsfirstinthegame.②Myfamilyaregoingonatripthissummer.population表示人口時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；當其前有分數(shù)、百分數(shù)修飾時，表示全體居民，這時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)①Thepopulationofthatareaisabout29million.②Athirdofthepopulationnowsmokeinthiscountry.就近一樣的常考點由or,either...or,neither...nor,not...but,notonly...butalso等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要與靠近的主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一樣①Washeoryouabletopersuadeher?②NeitherhenorIamgoingtothecinema.therebe句型或herebe句型后面是并列主語，be在數(shù)上與鄰近的主語保持一樣Thereisabookandmanypencilsonthedesk.續(xù)表主謂一樣的特別狀況“one/either/eachof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞/代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)①OneofthejudgeswasTVpresenterDawnPorter.②Eitheroftheplansisequallydangerous.“oneandahalf＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，表示整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)Oneandahalfhoursisenough.“It＋be＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他部分”強調(diào)句型中，假如被強調(diào)部分是主語，that/who后謂語動詞與被強調(diào)部分的人稱和數(shù)保持一樣Itistheywhohaveworkedthereforfiveyears.“themajorityof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“aquantityof＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞與名詞保持數(shù)的一樣；而“quantitiesof＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)①Themajorityofboyslikefootball.②Quantitiesofmoneyhavebeenspentinbringingupthechildrensincetheyweremarried.③Alargequantityofairconditionershavebeensoldsincethesummercame.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·惠州市高三第一次調(diào)研考試試題)Partoftheprofitfromsales________(be)availablefortheEverestPeakeersAssociationwhichhashelpedcollectrubbishoffthemountain.答案：is依據(jù)語境可知，此處為一般性描述，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；該句主語為“Partoftheprofitfromsales”，表示單數(shù)概念，應(yīng)填is。2．Thegovernment________(believe)thatpeoplewhodon'thavetheInternetcangetleftbehindtheirfriendswhodo.答案：believes本句中的“Thegovernment”指政府這個整體，表示單數(shù)意義，故謂語動詞運用單數(shù)形式，填believes。3．(2024·中心民大附中月考)E-mail,aswellastelephones,________(play)animportantpartindailycommunication.答案：plays/isplaying句意：電子郵件，還有電話在日常交際中起著很重要的作用。aswellas連接主語時要遵循“承前一樣”的原則，應(yīng)與E-mail保持一樣，答案為plays/isplaying。4．Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts________(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagers.答案：hascaused動名詞短語作主語，謂語動詞需用單數(shù)形式。依據(jù)語境可知該句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。5．Nothebutyou________(be)tobefired.AndnotonlyyoubutalsoIamtobefiredthistime.答案：arenot...but連接并列主語，謂語依據(jù)“就近一樣”原則，故填are。6．(2024·黑龍江雙鴨山市第一中學(xué)高三月考)NeitheryounorInoranybodyelse________(know)anythingaboutit.答案：knows依據(jù)前面的neither...nor...結(jié)構(gòu)可知，謂語動詞實行“就近原則”，故與anybodyelse保持一樣，填knows。7．ThepopulationofJiangsu________(have)growntomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74million.答案：hasThepopulationof...“……的人口”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。8．(2024·河北省衡水中學(xué)高三二調(diào)考試)Sheopeneditandletoutadeepbreath.Insideit________(be)twosharpknives.答案：were介詞inside在句首時，句子倒裝，主語是twosharpknives，是復(fù)數(shù)，與之保持一樣謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，且這里表示過去發(fā)生的事情，故填were。9．—Whyisthechemicalplantclosed?—Becauselargequantitiesofwastewater________(release)intotheYangtzeRiver.答案：havebeenreleased“(large)quantitiesof＋不行數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞需用復(fù)數(shù)。依據(jù)化工廠被關(guān)閉這一語境可知，大量的廢水已經(jīng)被排放到長江，故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。10．AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher________(tell)ussomethingaboutvolunteerworkersnow.答案：istelling句意：一位英語老師兼班主任正給我們講一些關(guān)于志愿者的事情。本句的主語是AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher，這是一位老師，既是英語老師也是班主任。所以謂語動詞運用單數(shù)形式。Ⅱ.單句改錯1．ReadingaloudareveryimportantinlearningEnglish._____________________________________________________