高中英語(yǔ)《選擇性必修第一冊(cè)》課后習(xí)題 Unit 5　Section A　Reading and Thinking

Unit5WORKINGTHELANDSectionAReadingandThinking課后篇鞏固提升基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)1.Therapidincreaseinpopulationcauseda(缺乏)ofnaturalresources.

答案shortage2.Thefirstreasonto(應(yīng)對(duì))theseproblemsistosavechildren’slives.

答案tackle3.One(特點(diǎn))Ihaveobservedovertheyearsinallgreatsoftwaredevelopersistheirpassionfortheirwork.

答案characteristic4.Inourschool,mostofourstudentsafive“A”gradesintheirexams.

答案attained5.Idon’tthinkthere’senoughinformationtomakean(假設(shè)).

答案assumption6.Thecostofbuildingrailwaywaseatoveronehundredthousandpounds.

答案estimated7.Outputconsistsofbothexportsandsalesonthe(國(guó)內(nèi)的)market.

答案domestic8.Joannahasfinallymadeittothefirstrankof(名人)after25yearsasanactress.

答案celebrityⅡ.短語(yǔ)填空devoteoneselftodeepdownotherthanbecomprisedofdependondreamup1.Ayearthefourseasonsofspring,summer,autumnandwinter.

答案iscomprisedof2.Webelievefirmlywhatyouhaveissuretocometrue.

答案devotedyourselfto3.Thepartywhetherornottheycollectenoughmoney.

答案dependson4.,shesupportedherhusband’sinvolvementintheorganisation.

答案Deepdown5.Whotheideaofpaintingourlivingroomwallabrightred?

答案dreamedup6.Theformcannotbesignedbyanyoneyourself.

答案otherthanⅢ.完成句子1.據(jù)估計(jì),到2050年,將有13億人使用英語(yǔ)作為第一語(yǔ)言或第二語(yǔ)言。that1.3billionpeoplewilluseEnglishaseitherafirstorasecondlanguageby2050.

答案Itisestimated2.我從沒(méi)有想到你能成功地說(shuō)服他改變主意。Itneveroccurredtomethatyoucouldhimtochangehismind.

答案succeedinpersuading3.使我印象最深刻的是殘疾人樂(lè)觀的生活態(tài)度。mostistheoptimisticattitudeofthedisabled.

答案Whatimpressedme4.如果他能再一次得到機(jī)會(huì)的話,他肯定會(huì)成功的。hecangetanotherchance,hewillsurelysucceed.

答案Giventhat5.大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,我第一次在一個(gè)新的城市里獨(dú)自謀生。college,Ilivedbymyselfinanewcityforthefirsttime.

答案Aftergraduatingfrom素養(yǎng)提升Ⅳ.閱讀理解A主題語(yǔ)境:人與自然自然生態(tài)Theorganicfoodhasgainedalotofpopularityastheyarebeingconsideredhealthierandtastier.Afairnumberofpeopleadvocatealarge-scaleshifttoorganicfarmingfromconventionalagriculture.Butthismightnotseemwell-founded.Sincethemid-19thcentury,conventionalindustrialagriculturehasbecomeincrediblyefficientonasimplelandtofoodbasis.Conventionalfarminggetsmoreandmorecroppersquarefootofland,whichcanmeanlesswildernessneedstobetransformedtofarmland.Tomakefarmingmoreefficient,conventionalagricultureusesasignificantamountofsyntheticfertiliser(合成肥料)eachyear,andallthatnitrogen(氮)enablesmuchfasterplantgrowth.However,thecostispaidinvastpolluteddeadzonesatthemonthsofmanyoftheworld’srivers,becausemuchofthenitrogenendsuprunningoffthesoilandintotheoceans.Thisalsomakesconventionalfarmingoneofthemajorthreatstotheenvironment.Toweakentheenvironmentalimpactofagriculture,improvesoilqualityaswellasproducehealthierfoods,somefarmershaveturnedtoorganicfarming.Environmentalistshavealsowelcomedorganicfoodasbetterfortheplanetthanthefoodproducedbyagriculturalcorporations.Organicpractices—refusingartificialfertilisersandchemicalpesticides—areconsideredfarmoresustainable.Salesoforganicfoodrose7.7%in2010,upto$26.7billion—andpeoplearemakingthosepurchasesfortheirmoralsensesasmuchastheirtongues.Yetanewmeta-analysisinNaturedoesthemathandcomestoahardconclusion:organicfarmingproduces25%fewercropsonaveragethanconventionalagriculture.IntheNatureanalysis,scientistsperformedananalysisof66studiescomparingconventionalandorganicmethodsacross34differentcropspecies,fromfruitstograins.Theyfoundthatorganicfarmingdeliveredaloweroutputforeverycroptype,thoughthedifferencevariedwidely.Forcropslikefruittrees,organicfarmingtrailed(落后于)conventionalagriculturebyjust5%.Yetformajorgraincropsandvegetables—allofwhichprovidetheworld’smaincalories—conventionalagricultureoutperformedorganicfarmingbymorethan25%.Whatthatmeansisthatwhileorganicfarmingmaybemoresustainablethanconventionalagriculture,therearetrade-offs(此消彼長(zhǎng))witheach.Soanidealglobalagriculturesystemmayborrowthebestfrombothsystemsratherthanupholdingmerelyorganicorconventionalpractices.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。有機(jī)食品越來(lái)越受歡迎,人們認(rèn)為它們更健康、更美味。一個(gè)理想的全球農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)可以從有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)和傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)中獲得最好的利益,而不是僅僅支持有機(jī)或常規(guī)的做法。1.Whatdoweknowaboutconventionalfarming?A.Itproducesmorecropswithfewerfertilisers.B.Itachievesefficiencyatahugecosttotheenvironment.C.Ifoffersalong-termsolutiontoglobaldemandforfood.D.Itperformsfarbetterforeachcroptypethanorganicfarming.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Sincethemid-19thcentury,conventionalindustrialagriculturehasbecomeincrediblyefficientonasimplelandtofoodbasis.”和第三段最后一句“Thisalsomakesconventionalfarmingoneofthemajorthreatstotheenvironment.”可知,傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)以犧牲環(huán)境的巨大代價(jià)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)效率。2.Whatdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A.Employingorganicfarmingtoplantrice.B.Adoptingorganicpracticestogrowpotatoes.C.Usingconventionalmethodstoplantcabbage.D.Applyingconventionalfarmingtogrowapples.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句“Forcropslikefruittrees,organicfarmingtrailedconventionalagriculturebyjust5%.Yetformajorgraincropsandvegetables—allofwhichprovidetheworld’smaincalories—conventionalagricultureoutperformedorganicfarmingbymorethan25%.”可知作者最可能同意用傳統(tǒng)的方法種植卷心菜。3.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tocomparetwotypesoffarming.B.Tocriticiseconventionalagriculture.C.Todiscussthedevelopmentoffarming.D.Toargueforarealisticagriculturesystem.答案D解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段可知作者寫(xiě)本文的目的是主張建立一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)的農(nóng)業(yè)體系。B主題語(yǔ)境:人與社會(huì)科學(xué)與技術(shù)(2020全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,”explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(發(fā)光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(電源)—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(傳輸).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院開(kāi)展的研究,力求用發(fā)光的植物代替日常用品的功能。用普通蔬菜來(lái)發(fā)光照亮房間,甚至將樹(shù)木變成自供電的街燈。4.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.答案D解析段落大意題。由文章第一段可知,一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),城市綠化率越高的區(qū)域犯罪率越低;另一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),工作環(huán)境有室內(nèi)植物裝飾時(shí),員工的效率提高15%。由此可知,本段主要講綠色植物的好處。故選D項(xiàng)。5.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?A.Todetectplants’lackofwater.B.Tochangecompositionsofplants.C.Tomakethelifeofpla