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?第18講構(gòu)詞法【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】掌握構(gòu)詞法的幾種分類。2.熟記派生法中各個前綴和后綴的含義?!究记榉治觥糠治鲋锌加⒄Z真題可知,構(gòu)詞法從沒有在中考試題中直接進(jìn)行考查,但是在閱讀理解材料中常常會出現(xiàn)以學(xué)過的詞為詞根,采用某種構(gòu)成法構(gòu)成的新單詞,如果學(xué)生沒有掌握這種構(gòu)詞法,就可能會影響對材料的影響,從而影響學(xué)生答題的準(zhǔn)確性。在幾種構(gòu)詞法中,《義務(wù)教育英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2022年版)》附錄4語法項目表對縮寫和簡寫僅作理解要求。綜上分析,學(xué)生在復(fù)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法時,首先一定要記住、理解并掌握常用前綴、后綴所構(gòu)成的詞義變化及詞性變化,其次要理解合成和轉(zhuǎn)化構(gòu)詞法,最后,要記住一些常見的縮寫和簡寫。知識梳理《義務(wù)教育英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2022年版)》附錄4語法項目表中構(gòu)詞法有四種:合成法、派生法、轉(zhuǎn)換法和縮寫和簡寫。其中縮寫和簡寫課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)僅做理解要求。合成法:由兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞,這種構(gòu)詞法稱為合成法(compounding)。合成詞之間有的要用連字符連接,有的直接連接在一起。派生法:在一個詞的詞根(root)的前面或后面加上某個詞綴來產(chǎn)生新詞,這種構(gòu)詞法稱為派生法(derivation)。加在前面的詞綴叫前綴(prefix),加在后面的詞綴叫后綴(suffix)轉(zhuǎn)化法:在詞行不變的情況下,一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種詞性,稱為轉(zhuǎn)換(conversion)。轉(zhuǎn)換后的詞義與轉(zhuǎn)換前的詞義通常有密切的聯(lián)系,但有時差異也很大??s寫和簡寫:是一個單詞或短語的縮寫形式,去掉一些字母或只使用每個單詞的第一個字母。photo-photograph,USA-TheUnitedStatesofAmerica合成法類型例子復(fù)合名詞bedroom臥室,newspaper報紙,breakfast早餐,blackboard黑板,grandfather(外)祖父,playground操場,bathroom浴室,typewriter打字機(jī),overcoat大衣,afternoon下午,handwriting書法,story-telling講故事,daybreak破曉,sunrise日出,outbreak爆發(fā),downpour傾盆大雨復(fù)合形容詞worldwide全世界的,homesick想家的,handmade手工制作的,kind-hearted熱心腸的,easy-going隨和的,good-looking好看的,hard-working勤勉的,well-known著名的,newly-built新建的復(fù)合動詞overcome克服,underline畫線,oversleep睡過頭,sleepwalk夢游復(fù)合副詞upstairs在樓上,indoors在室內(nèi),outdoors在室外,however無論如何復(fù)合代詞anything任何事物,everybody每個人派生法1.??记熬Y。(1)表示否定。前綴意義例子un-不;非unlucky不幸運(yùn)的,unhappy不高興的,unnecessary不必要的,unusual不同尋常的,unimportant不重要的,unhappily不高興地,unfortunately不幸地im-impossible不可能的,impolite不禮貌的,impatient沒有耐心的in-incorrect不正確的,informal非正式的,independent獨立的ir-irregular不規(guī)則的,irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的il-illegal非法的non-non-stop不停的;直達(dá)的,non-smoker不吸煙者dis-相反disappear消失,dislike不喜歡,disagree不同意,dishonest不誠實的,disagreement意見不一致mis-錯誤misfortune不幸,misunderstand誤解,misspell拼錯(2)表示程度或大小。前綴意義例子super-超級supermarket超市,superpower超級大國,superman超人mini-小的;短的minibus小型公共汽車,miniskirt超短裙 (3)其他前綴。前綴意義例子a-處于……狀態(tài)或過程中asleep睡著的,awake醒著的,alive活著的,aside在旁邊anti-反對antiwar反戰(zhàn)爭的auto-自動的automobile汽車en-使……encourage鼓勵,enlarge使變大,enrich使富有fore-在……之前forehead前額,foretell預(yù)言inter-之間的international國際的,Internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng) kilo-千kilometer千米,kilogram千克mid-在中間midnight半夜,midair半空中pre-在……之前preview預(yù)演,prepay預(yù)付re-重新,再次retell復(fù)述,review復(fù)習(xí),rewrite重寫,rebuild重建tele-遠(yuǎn)程的telephone電話,telegram電報vice-副的vice-president副總統(tǒng),vice-chairman副主席2.??己缶Y。(1)名詞后綴。前綴意義例子-er從事某種職業(yè)的人player運(yùn)動員,teacher教師,driver司機(jī),worker工人-oractor演員,director導(dǎo)演,inventor發(fā)明家-ess指女性actress女演員,hostess女主人-ese指民族、語言Chinese中國人;漢語,Japanese日本人;日語-ian指人Australian澳大利亞人,Italian意大利人,Indian印度人-ist指人artist藝術(shù)家,pianist鋼琴家,novelist小說家,scientist科學(xué)家,physicist物理學(xué)家-ment……的行為(或結(jié)果)movement運(yùn)動,agreement同意,announcement通告-ion狀態(tài)、行為、機(jī)構(gòu)等action行動,invention發(fā)明,pollution污染-ationinvitation邀請,operation手術(shù),foundation基金會,organization組織-ship情況、狀態(tài)等friendship友誼,leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo),relationship關(guān)系 -hood狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)等childhood童年、幼年,neighborhood附近,街區(qū)-ing活動、狀態(tài)feeling感覺,dancing舞蹈,meeting會議-ness狀態(tài)、特點等happiness幸福,darkness黑暗,illness疾病-ance性質(zhì)、狀況等performance表演,appearance出現(xiàn)-dom領(lǐng)域、狀況等freedom自由,wisdom智慧,kingdom王國-al過程、狀態(tài)等arrival到達(dá),refusal拒絕 (2)形容詞后綴。前綴意義例子-ful充滿……的useful有用的,careful仔細(xì)的,helpful有幫助的-less沒有,無careless粗心的,meaningless無意義的,harmless無害的-ly具有……性質(zhì);每隔……時間lovely可愛的,friendly友好的,monthly每月的,weekly每周的-y有……特性的healthy健康的,noisy吵鬧的,rainy多雨的,lucky幸運(yùn)的,thirsty渴的,sleepy困倦的,cloudy多云的,windy有風(fēng)的-ish稍有……的;有……性質(zhì)的foolish愚蠢的,childish孩子氣的-able能……的;具有……性質(zhì)的comfortable舒適的,enjoyable愉快的,changeable易變的-iblehorrible可怕的,terrible糟糕的-ed狀況、心情等interested感興趣的,excited感到興奮的,surprised感到驚訝的,tired疲倦的,pleased高興的-ing描述事物interesting有趣的,exciting令人興奮的,moving動人的-al與……有關(guān)的natural自然的,personal個人的,musical音樂的-ic……的electric電的,scientific科學(xué)的,plastic塑料的-icalmedical醫(yī)學(xué)的,chemical化學(xué)的,historical歷史的-en表示材料wooden木制的,golden金制的,woolen羊毛的-ern表示方位eastern東方的,southern南方的,western西方的-ous表示特點famous著名的,dangerous危險的-iveactive積極的,expensive昂貴的,attractive吸引人的(3)副詞后綴。前綴意義例子-ly以……方式happily高興地,quickly迅速地,freely自由地,politely有禮貌地-ward(s)表示方向northward(s)向北,downward(s)向下,forward(s)向前 轉(zhuǎn)化法詞類轉(zhuǎn)化例子名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞watern.水→v.澆水shown.演出,節(jié)目→v.給……看;展示handn.手→v.傳遞colorn.顏色→v.染色bookn.書→v.預(yù)訂動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞walkv.散步;走→n.散步(takeawalk)lookv.看→n.看(havealook)stopv.停止→n.車站(busstop)talkv.談?wù)摗鷑.談話(haveatalk)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞dailyadj.日常的→n.日報finaladj.最后(終)的→n.決賽形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞slowadj.慢的→v.放慢freeadj.空閑的→v.釋放cleanadj.干凈的→v.清掃dryadj.干燥的→v.把……弄干副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞downadv.向下→v.打倒,擊倒縮寫和簡寫縮寫和簡寫(亦稱為截斷法、縮短法)可采用“截頭”“去尾”“截頭又去尾”“混成法”“拼綴法”和“首字母縮略法”等方法。類型方法例子截頭截去原詞的開頭部分詞airplane=plane飛機(jī)telephone=phone電話去尾去掉原詞的末尾部分詞taxicab→taxi出租車examination→exam測試截頭又去尾截去原詞的開頭和末尾的部分詞refrigerator→fridge冰箱混成法保留原來兩詞各自的一部分photo+graphy→photography攝影,攝影技術(shù)拼綴法由兩個或兩個以上的詞混合或緊縮而成,只保留了原來幾個詞的部分breakfastandlunch→brunch早午餐motorist'shotel→motel汽車旅館newsbroadcast→newscast新聞廣播首字母縮略法由所含單詞的首字母或多個字母組成cm=centimeter厘米kg=kilogram千克km=kilometer千米 注意:國家、重要組織機(jī)構(gòu)名稱縮寫(2022版新課標(biāo)新增部分)CPC(CommunistPartyofChina)中國共產(chǎn)黨PLA(People'sLiberationArmy)中國人民解放軍PRC(People'sRepublicofChina)中華人民共和國UN(UnitedNations)聯(lián)合國UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)聯(lián)合國教科文組織WHO(WorldHealthOrganization)世界衛(wèi)生組織WTO(WorldTradeOrganization)世界貿(mào)易組織WWW(WorldWideWeb)萬維網(wǎng)WWF(WorldWideFundforNatureorWorldWildlifeFund)世界自然基金會BBC(BritishBroadcastingCorporation)英國廣播公司題型歸納一、用括號內(nèi)所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空1.(2023·江蘇無錫·??级#㏕heboy________(careless)putthecuponthetableanditfelldown.2.(2023·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·包頭市第三十五中學(xué)??既#㏕he________neverdreamedofhavingachanceforhimtowinthefirstprizeinthe100-meterrace.(compete)3.(2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模)—Ourneighbournextdoorisputtingsomethingonthewall.—It’s________(possible)tosleepwithallthatnoise.4.(2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考二模)Withthemoney,wehave_______sentmanypoorchildrentoschool.(success)5.(2023·上海虹口·統(tǒng)考二模)Poorlittlegirl!Itis________forhertosuffersomuch.Let’sgiveherahand.(fair)6.(2023·上海崇明·統(tǒng)考二模)Ifwedon’ttakeactiontoprotecttheforests,theywillsoon________.(appear)7.(2023·江蘇南京·校聯(lián)考一模)LiJunwas________(lucky)becausehiscarbrokedownyesterday.8.(2023·安徽蕪湖·統(tǒng)考一模)Youshouldtakeanactivepartinthe________(discuss).9.(2022·西藏拉薩·校考模擬預(yù)測)Chinaisanold________(east)countryinAsia.10.(2020·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Thenoisemadesleep_________(possible),soIgotupandreadabook.二、單項選擇11.(2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·統(tǒng)考二模)________wasstartedtoworkin1961anditsgoal(目標(biāo))istoimprovemoreandmorepeople’ssenseofprotectingtheEarth’senvironment.A.WTO B.WWF C.NBA12.(2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考二模)Whichofthefollowingwordscanbechangedintoanounbyaddingthesuffix“-ness”?A.pleasant B.difficult C.worth D.careful13.(2023·甘肅白銀·統(tǒng)考二模)Whichofthefollowingprefixes(前綴)canturn“agree”intoitsantonym(反義詞)?A.un- B.im- C.in- D.dis-14.(2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考一模)“……Shouldyouthfulheadsinvainturngrey.wewouldregretforaye.”——TheRiverAllRedbyXuYuanchong.Whichwordisformedinthesamewayas“youthful”?A.disappear B.dangerous C.footprint D.impossible15.(2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·模擬預(yù)測)Whichofthefollowingwordsiscreatedinthesamewayas“careless”?A.wonderful B.impatient C.dishonest D.unhappy三、閱讀理解(2023·云南昆明·昆明八中??寄M預(yù)測)OnMarch17th,2023,BeijingmadechangestotheP.E.testinthe2023highschoolentranceexam,orzhongkao:Allstudentswillgetfullscoresaslongastheytakepartintheexam.Earlierthisyear,somecitiessuchasTaiyuancanceledthe1,000-meterand800-meterruns.Othercitiesletstudentschooseiftheywantedtodothemintheexam.Thisistomakesureit’ssafeforstudentsafterrecoveringfromCOVID-19.Atthesametime,P.E.classesacrossChinahavealsomadesomechanges.Studentsarehavingeasieractivitiessuchasdancing,fungamesandsit-ups.Thiswaytheycanimprovetheirhealthslowly.“Weusedtoruntwolapsaroundtheplaygroundeverydayduringthemorningbreak.Butaftermanystudentsgottheillness,wedidn’tdothisactivityandstarteddoingKungfu,”saidLiuJiawei,astudentfromChangchun,Jilin.“Asaninth-grader,I’malsohappythatIdon’tneedtotakethe1,000-meterruntestforzhongkao.Moststudentswelcomethisnewchange.Butsomewhoarereallygoodatrunningarenothappybecausetheywon’thaveadvantagesanymore,”Liuadded.However,wehavetounderstandthatsuchabigdecisionlikethiswon’tmakeeveryonehappy.What’smoreimportantisstudents’safetyduringexercisesandtests.Lifecomesfirstbeforeeverythingelse.16.Accordingtothepassage,whichcitycanceledthe1,000-meterand800-meterruns?A.Beijing. B.Kunming. C.Taiyuan. D.Changchun.17.WhydidsomanycitiesmakechangestotheP.E.test?A.Becauseitisnolongerimportant. B.Becausestudentsdon’tlikeP.E.C.Becauseitistooeasyforstudents. D.Becauseitmustbesafeforstudents.18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)ap”probablymean?A.圈數(shù) B.次數(shù) C.厘米 D.小時19.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.StudentsstartedrunninginsteadofdoingKungfu.B.LiuJiaweiwasnothappybecausehedoesn’tneedtorun.C.Somestudentswillloseadvantagesbecauseofthechange.D.AllstudentsinLiu’sschoolwelcomethechangeinP.E.test.20.What’stheauthor’sattitude(態(tài)度)towardsthechange?A.Worried. B.Unhappy. C.Surprised. D.Understanding.真題感悟一、用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空1.(2021·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Weweretouchedbythe________ofthewelcome.(warm)2.(2021·黑龍江雞西·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Withthe_________(develop)ofscienceandtechnology,peoplecanliveabetterlifeinthefuture.3.(2020·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考中考真題)LiNaisafamoustennis

_____________(play).4.(2020·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考中考真題)WuJingisawell-known________(direct).Heispopularamongfilmlovers.5.(2020·上?!そy(tǒng)考中考真題)Sittinginfrontofthescreenfortoolongis_____.It'sbadforyoureyes.(healthy)6.(2020·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Myneighbourisafamous__________(sing)andsheoftendoescharitywork.7.(2020·湖北荊門·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Weshouldtreateveryonewithkindnessand____________(warm),spreadingloveandjoyeverywherewego.8.(2020·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題)1triedtotalkwiththem,butthey________(agree)withme.9.(2020·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Tomydisappointment,thenewmovieisso________(meaning).10.Many_______(visit)cametothehometownofthegreatmanduringthevacation.二、單項選擇11.(2020·甘肅·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Whichofthefollowingsuffixes(后綴)means"without"?A.–able B.–ful C.–ous D.–less12.(2019·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題)WhichofthefollowingwordscanNOTbeaddedtheprefix"un-"togiveittheoppositemeaning?A.happy B.healthy C.usual D.polite

?第18講構(gòu)詞法題型歸納一、用括號內(nèi)所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空1.(2023·江蘇無錫·??级#㏕heboy________(careless)putthecuponthetableanditfelldown.【答案】carelessly【詳解】句意:男孩粗心把杯子放在桌子上,杯子掉了下來。根據(jù)空后“put(放)”是動詞,可知此空填副詞,careless的副詞形式是在其后加ly,意為“粗心大意地,馬虎地”。故填carelessly。2.(2023·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·包頭市第三十五中學(xué)??既#㏕he________neverdreamedofhavingachanceforhimtowinthefirstprizeinthe100-meterrace.(compete)【答案】competitor【詳解】句意:這位選手做夢也想不到自己有機(jī)會在100米比賽中獲得第一名。根據(jù)題目可知,此處缺乏主語,應(yīng)將動詞compete“競爭”,轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊~competitor“競爭者”作為主語。故填competitor。3.(2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模)—Ourneighbournextdoorisputtingsomethingonthewall.—It’s________(possible)tosleepwithallthatnoise.【答案】impossible【詳解】句意:——我們隔壁的鄰居正在往墻上放東西。——在這么吵的環(huán)境中睡覺是不可能的。根據(jù)句意和常識,可知在吵鬧的環(huán)境中是睡不著的,所以“possible”要使用其反義詞,故填impossible。4.(2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考二模)Withthemoney,wehave_______sentmanypoorchildrentoschool.(success)【答案】successfully【詳解】句意:用這筆錢,我們已經(jīng)成功地送了許多貧困兒童上學(xué)。考查副詞修飾動詞。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞sent,success的副詞形式在詞尾加fully。故填successfully。5.(2023·上海虹口·統(tǒng)考二模)Poorlittlegirl!Itis________forhertosuffersomuch.Let’sgiveherahand.(fair)【答案】unfair【詳解】句意:可憐的小女孩!她遭受這么多痛苦是不公平的。讓我們幫她一把。fair“公平的”,形容詞。根據(jù)“Poorlittlegirl!”及“suffersomuch”可知,小女孩遭受這么多是不公平的,故用unfair“不公平的”作表語。故填unfair。6.(2023·上海崇明·統(tǒng)考二模)Ifwedon’ttakeactiontoprotecttheforests,theywillsoon________.(appear)【答案】disappear【詳解】句意:如果我們不采取行動保護(hù)森林,它們很快就會消失。根據(jù)“Ifwedon’ttakeactionstoprotecttheforests”可推知,后果是森林就會消失,disappear“消失”,由appear加否定前綴dis-構(gòu)成,will后跟動詞原形。故填disappear。7.(2023·江蘇南京·校聯(lián)考一模)LiJunwas________(lucky)becausehiscarbrokedownyesterday.【答案】unlucky【詳解】句意:李軍很不幸因為他的車昨天壞了。lucky“幸運(yùn)的”,形容詞;由“hiscarbrokedownyesterday”可知,應(yīng)該是不幸的,lucky的反義詞是unlucky“不幸的”。故填unlucky。8.(2023·安徽蕪湖·統(tǒng)考一模)Youshouldtakeanactivepartinthe________(discuss).【答案】discussion【詳解】句意:你應(yīng)該積極參加討論。the后面需接名詞;discuss“討論”,動詞,其名詞為discussion。故填discussion。9.(2022·西藏拉薩·??寄M預(yù)測)Chinaisanold________(east)countryinAsia.【答案】eastern【詳解】句意:中國是亞洲一個古老的東方國家。此空修飾后面的名詞“country”,應(yīng)用形容詞,“east”的形容詞是“eastern”。故填eastern。10.(2020·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Thenoisemadesleep_________(possible),soIgotupandreadabook.【答案】impossible【詳解】句意:噪音使人無法入睡,所以我起床讀一本書。固定搭配:make+sth+形容詞,表示“使某物……”,根據(jù)Thenoise及Igotupandreadabook,可知,噪音使人無法入睡,所以起床讀一本書,故空格處填impossible。故答案為impossible。二、單項選擇11.(2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·統(tǒng)考二模)________wasstartedtoworkin1961anditsgoal(目標(biāo))istoimprovemoreandmorepeople’ssenseofprotectingtheEarth’senvironment.A.WTO B.WWF C.NBA【答案】B【詳解】句意:世界自然基金會于1961年成立,其目標(biāo)是提高越來越多的人保護(hù)地球環(huán)境的意識??疾閷S忻~。WTO世界貿(mào)易組織;WWF世界自然基金會;NBA全美籃球協(xié)會。根據(jù)“...wasstartedtoworkin1961anditsgoalistoimprovemoreandmorepeople’ssenseofprotectingtheEarth’senvironment.”結(jié)合常識可知成立于1961年且致力于提高人們保護(hù)地球環(huán)境的意識的組織是世界自然基金會。故選B。12.(2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考二模)Whichofthefollowingwordscanbechangedintoanounbyaddingthesuffix“-ness”?A.pleasant B.difficult C.worth D.careful【答案】D【詳解】句意:下列哪一個單詞可以加后綴“-ness”而變?yōu)槊~?考查單詞派生。pleasant令人愉快的,其名詞形式為pleasure“愉快”;difficult困難的,其名詞形式為difficulty“困難”;worth值得的,其名詞形式是worth“價值”;careful小心的,其名詞形式為carefulness,意為“細(xì)心”。故選D。13.(2023·甘肅白銀·統(tǒng)考二模)Whichofthefollowingprefixes(前綴)canturn“agree”intoitsantonym(反義詞)?A.un- B.im- C.in- D.dis-【答案】D【詳解】句意:下面哪個前綴可以把“agree”變成它的反義詞?考查派生。四個選項都是否定前綴,agree“同意”的反義詞為disagree,故選D。14.(2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考一模)“……Shouldyouthfulheadsinvainturngrey.wewouldregretforaye.”——TheRiverAllRedbyXuYuanchong.Whichwordisformedinthesamewayas“youthful”?A.disappear B.dangerous C.footprint D.impossible【答案】B【詳解】句意:“如果年輕的頭白了。我們會后悔一輩子的。”——許淵沖《滿江紅》。哪個單詞和“youth”的構(gòu)成方式相同?考查單詞結(jié)構(gòu)。disappear消失,派生詞,在appear前加dis構(gòu)成否定形式;dangerous危險的,派生詞,在名詞danger后加詞綴ous構(gòu)成形容詞;footprint腳印,合成詞,由foot和print合成;impossible不可能的,派生詞,在形容詞possible前加前綴im構(gòu)成否定形式。youthful是派生詞,在名詞youth后加詞綴ful構(gòu)成形容詞,與dangerous一致,故選B。15.(2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·模擬預(yù)測)Whichofthefollowingwordsiscreatedinthesamewayas“careless”?A.wonderful B.impatient C.dishonest D.unhappy【答案】A【詳解】句意:下面哪個詞的構(gòu)成形成和“careless”一樣?考查構(gòu)詞法。wonderful精彩的;impatient沒耐心的;dishonest不誠實的;unhappy不開心的。careless由care加后綴-less構(gòu)成,wonderful也由wonder加后綴-ful構(gòu)成,二者構(gòu)成方式一致。故選A。三、閱讀理解(2023·云南昆明·昆明八中??寄M預(yù)測)OnMarch17th,2023,BeijingmadechangestotheP.E.testinthe2023highschoolentranceexam,orzhongkao:Allstudentswillgetfullscoresaslongastheytakepartintheexam.Earlierthisyear,somecitiessuchasTaiyuancanceledthe1,000-meterand800-meterruns.Othercitiesletstudentschooseiftheywantedtodothemintheexam.Thisistomakesureit’ssafeforstudentsafterrecoveringfromCOVID-19.Atthesametime,P.E.classesacrossChinahavealsomadesomechanges.Studentsarehavingeasieractivitiessuchasdancing,fungamesandsit-ups.Thiswaytheycanimprovetheirhealthslowly.“Weusedtoruntwolapsaroundtheplaygroundeverydayduringthemorningbreak.Butaftermanystudentsgottheillness,wedidn’tdothisactivityandstarteddoingKungfu,”saidLiuJiawei,astudentfromChangchun,Jilin.“Asaninth-grader,I’malsohappythatIdon’tneedtotakethe1,000-meterruntestforzhongkao.Moststudentswelcomethisnewchange.Butsomewhoarereallygoodatrunningarenothappybecausetheywon’thaveadvantagesanymore,”Liuadded.However,wehavetounderstandthatsuchabigdecisionlikethiswon’tmakeeveryonehappy.What’smoreimportantisstudents’safetyduringexercisesandtests.Lifecomesfirstbeforeeverythingelse.16.Accordingtothepassage,whichcitycanceledthe1,000-meterand800-meterruns?A.Beijing. B.Kunming. C.Taiyuan. D.Changchun.17.WhydidsomanycitiesmakechangestotheP.E.test?A.Becauseitisnolongerimportant. B.Becausestudentsdon’tlikeP.E.C.Becauseitistooeasyforstudents. D.Becauseitmustbesafeforstudents.18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)ap”probablymean?A.圈數(shù) B.次數(shù) C.厘米 D.小時19.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.StudentsstartedrunninginsteadofdoingKungfu.B.LiuJiaweiwasnothappybecausehedoesn’tneedtorun.C.Somestudentswillloseadvantagesbecauseofthechange.D.AllstudentsinLiu’sschoolwelcomethechangeinP.E.test.20.What’stheauthor’sattitude(態(tài)度)towardsthechange?A.Worried. B.Unhappy. C.Surprised. D.Understanding.【答案】16.C17.D18.A19.C20.D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了關(guān)于中考體育考試的變化。16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Earlierthisyear,somecitiessuchasTaiyuancanceledthe1,000-meterand800-meterruns.”可知,太原取消了800米和1000米考試。故選C。17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thisistomakesureit’ssafeforstudentsafterrecoveringfromCOVID-19.”可知,為了學(xué)生的安全。故選D。18.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Weusedtoruntwolapsaroundtheplaygroundeverydayduringthemorningbreak.”可知,每天早上在晨間休息跑兩圈。故選A。19.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Butsomewhoarereallygoodatrunningarenothappybecausetheywon’thaveadvantagesanymore,”可知,一些擅長體育的學(xué)生丟失了優(yōu)勢因為取消體育考試。故選C。20.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“What’smoreimportantisstudents’safetyduringexercisesandtests.Lifecomesfirstbeforeeverythingelse.”可知,作者對這一變化是理解的。故選D。真題感悟一、用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空1.(2021·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Weweretouchedbythe________ofthewelcome.(warm)【答案】warmth【詳解】句意:我們被熱烈的歡迎所感動。此處在介詞后作賓語,用名詞形式,故填warmth。2.(2021·黑龍江雞西·統(tǒng)考中考真題)Withthe_________(develop)ofscienceandtechnology,peoplecanliveabetterlifeinthefuture.【答案】development【詳解】句意:隨著科技的發(fā)展,人們可以在未來過上更好的生活。withthedevelopmentof…隨著……的發(fā)展,固定短語,故填development。3.(2020·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考中考真題)LiNaisafamoustennis

_____________(play).【答案】player【詳解】句意:李娜是一位著名的網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動員。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)為名詞作表語。player運(yùn)動員,可數(shù)名詞,由句中a可知,此處用其單數(shù)形式。故填player。4.(2020·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考中考真題)WuJingisawell-known________(direct).Heispopularamongfilmlovers.【答案】director【詳解】句意:吳京是一位著名導(dǎo)演。他在電影愛好者中很受歡迎。句中空前well-known“著名的”為形容詞,作定語修飾名詞,故此處應(yīng)用所給單詞的名詞形式director“導(dǎo)演”

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