2024秋高中英語Unit14CareersSectionⅢGrammar學案含解析北師大版必修5

PAGEUnit14CareersSectionⅢGrammar單元語法項目(一)——間接引語(Ⅰ)轉述他人的吩咐或要求[語法圖解][視察]①“Couldyoulendmeapen？”→Peteraskedmetolendhimapen.②“Don'tlosethereceipt.It'simportant.”→Thesalesgirlinstructedtheshoppernottolosethereceipt.③“Checkforerrors,please.”→Theteacherorderedtheclasstocheckforerrors.④“Whydon'tyoutakemeforapicnic？”heasked.→Headvisedmetotakehimforapicnic.⑤Hesaid,“Let'sgotothemovies.”→Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotothemovies.⑥“Wouldyouliketoseemyflat？”sheasked.→Sheaskedmewhether/ifIwouldliketoseeherflat.→Sheaskedmetoseeherflat.[發(fā)覺](1)干脆引語為祈使句，變間接引語時把祈使句轉換成不定式作賓語補足語，動詞用order/ask/instruct/suggest等。如句②、句③、句⑤。(2)干脆引語為委婉祈使句，變間接引語時把委婉祈使句轉換成不定式，動詞用ask/advise等，如句①、句④。(3)干脆引語為以Let's...開頭的祈使句，變間接引語時，常用“suggestthat...”句式轉換。如句⑤。(4)表示懇求的一般疑問句(如句⑥)變?yōu)殚g接引語有兩種方式：將干脆引語的內(nèi)容變?yōu)橛蒳f或whether引導的賓語從句或用ask_sb._to_do_sth.結構。一、干脆引語與間接引語的含義引用或轉述別人說的話時有兩種方法：(1)放在引號內(nèi)，不用連詞連接，干脆引述別人的原話稱為干脆引語(directspeech)。(2)不用引號，通常用連詞連接主句，用自己的話轉述別人的話，稱為間接引語(indirectspeech)，常常用賓語從句來表達。MrBlacksaid,“I'mbusy.”布萊克先生說：“我很忙。”(干脆引語)MrBlacksaidthathewasbusy.布萊克先生說他很忙。(賓語從句是間接引語)[即學即用1]將干脆引語變?yōu)殚g接引語(1)“Keepquiet,children，”hesaid.→Heold_the_children_to_keepquiet.(2)“Don'ttellthenewstohim，”shesaidtome.→Sheadvisedmenot_to_tellthenewstohim.→SheadvisedthatIshould_not_tellthenewstohim.二、祈使句的干脆引語與間接引語的變換當干脆引語為祈使句時，變?yōu)殚g接引語時主句中的謂語動詞往往依據(jù)干脆引語中的語氣變換成“引述動詞＋(not)todo”結構：(1)干脆引語：主語＋動詞＋“祈使句”。(2)間接引語：主語＋引述動詞＋sb.(not)todo。“Bringmeacupoftea,please，”shesaidtohim.“請給我一杯茶?！彼龑λf。→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.她要求他給她帶一杯茶來。“Don'tmakeanynoise，”shesaidtothechildren.“不要發(fā)出任何噪音，”她對孩子們說?！鶶hetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise.她告知孩子們不要發(fā)出任何噪音。[聯(lián)想歸納](1)表示建議、懇求語氣用ask/advisesb.(not)todo。(2)表示支配、叮囑語氣用tellsb.(not)todo。(3)表示吩咐、指示語氣用ordersb.(not)todo。(4)表示提示、警告語氣用remind/warnsb.(not)todo。[即學即用2]單句語法填空(1)Johnwasveryangryaboutitandtoldmenoto_do(do)thatagain.(2)WehaveaskedTomo_come(come)fordinneronFridayevening.(3)Smokingcandogreatharmtohealth,sotheheadteacherclearlytoldtheboystudentsnoto_smoke(smoke)anymore.(4)Theteacheraskeduso_finish(finish)ourhomework.單元語法項目(二)——間接引語(Ⅱ)轉述他人所說的話[語法圖解][視察]①KatetoldHenry,“Iwillcomeheretowatchtheseprogramstomorrow.”→KatetoldHenrythatshewouldgotheretowatchthoseprogramsthenextday.②MrsLiaskedChenFei,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish？”→MrsLiaskedChenFeiif/whetherhewasinterestedinEnglish.③Lindaasked,“Youlikethefood,don'tyou？”→Lindaasked(me)if/whetherIlikedthefood.④Tomasked,“Wherearemysportsshoes,Mom？”→Tomaskedhismomwherehissportsshoeswere.⑤Heasked,“Whereareyoutogetoff,John？”→HeaskedJohnwherehewastogetoff.⑥Hesaid,“Doyouliketoeatapplesororanges？”→Heasked(me)whetherIlikedtoeatapplesororanges.[發(fā)覺]干脆引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時要留意：(1)語序的變更，如例句②③④⑤⑥；(2)人稱的變更，如例句①②③④⑤⑥；(3)時態(tài)的變更，如例句①②③④⑤⑥；(4)提示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語及動詞的變更，如例句①。一、語序變更當我們用自己的語言轉述別人的話語時，稱為間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句，用陳述句語序。而主句部分則依據(jù)語境的須要選擇適當?shù)霓D述動詞。(1)干脆引語為疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，原來的疑問句語序，即倒裝語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。(2)干脆引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，其句子結構一般要發(fā)生變更。干脆引語間接引語陳述句that引導的賓語從句一般疑問句if/whether引導的賓語從句特別疑問句由原疑問詞引導的賓語從句祈使句在引述動詞后作補足語Hesaidtome,“I'veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.他告知我，他把書落在我的房間里了。Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers？”→Sheaskedmeif/whetherIoftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.她問我是否常常去那里看報紙。“Wheredoyoulive？”heaskedme.→HeaskedmewhereIlived.他問我住在哪里。Hisfathersaidtohim,“Leavethedooropen.”→Hisfathertoldhimtoleavethedooropen.他爸爸告知他開著門。Hesaidtoher,“Don'tforgettoposttheletter.”→Hetoldhernottoforgettoposttheletter.他告知她不要遺忘寄信。[即學即用1]將干脆引語變?yōu)殚g接引語(1)“Haveyouseenthefilm？”heaskedme.→Heaskedmeif/whether_I_had_seen_the_film.(2)Iaskedhim,“WhendidyoubegintolearnEnglish？”→Iaskedhimwhenhebegan_to_learn_English.(3)“Keepquiet,children.”hesaid.→Hetoldthechildreno_keep_quiet.(4)Theteachersaidtous,“Pleasesitdown.”→Theteacheraskeduso_sit_down.二、時態(tài)的變更(1)引述動詞若為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，干脆引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，時態(tài)一般不發(fā)生變更。但引述動詞假如用過去時態(tài)，干脆引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時要變成各種相應的過去時態(tài)。通常是相應地向前推一個，一般變更如下：干脆引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般將來時過去將來時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時“Inevergetupbefore8amonSundays，”saidhe.→Hesaidthathenevergotupbefore8amonSundays.他說他星期天上午8點之前從不起床。Lisasaid,“Mybrotherisdoinghishomework.”→Lisasaidthatherbrotherwasdoinghishomework.莉薩對我說她弟弟正在做作業(yè)。Themothersaidtoherson,“Didyoucleanyourbedroomyesterday？”→Themotheraskedhersonifhehadcleanedhisbedroomthedaybefore.媽媽問兒子前一天有沒有打掃他的臥房。Tomsaid，“IhavenotheardfromJimsinceFebruary.”→TomsaidthathehadnotheardfromJimsinceFebruary.湯姆說自從二月份以來他就沒收到過吉姆的信。Hesaid,“Iwillwaitforyouatthesameplacetomorrow.”→Hesaidthathewouldwaitformeatthesameplacethenextday.他說他其次天會在同一個地方等我。Bobtoldme,“IhadlivedhereforyearsbeforeImovedout.”→Bobtoldmethathehadlivedthereforyearsbeforehemovedout.鮑勃告知我，他在那兒住了多年才搬走。(2)干脆引語假如是客觀真理或事實，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。Ourteachersaid,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.”→Ourteachersaidthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.我們老師說月球圍著地球轉。[即學即用2]將干脆引語變?yōu)殚g接引語(1)Hesaid,“Ihaveseenthefilm.”→Hesaidthathehad_seen_the_film.(2)Theteacheraskedhim,“Canyoufinishthisjobtoday？”→Theteacheraskedhimifhecould_finish_that_jobthatday.(3)Myfathersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”→Myfathersaidthathe_sun_is_bigger_than_the_moon.三、人稱的變更干脆引語中的人稱代詞在轉化為間接引語時也要有相應的變更。一般遵循“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”的原則。原則說明一隨主干脆引語中出現(xiàn)的第一人稱代詞要依據(jù)引述動詞的主語的人稱變更。二隨賓干脆引語中出現(xiàn)的其次人稱代詞要按引述動詞的賓語的人稱變更，若引述動詞后沒有賓語，也可用第一人稱。第三人稱不更新干脆引語中出現(xiàn)的第三人稱代詞一般不須要變更。Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidthatherbrotherwantedtogowithher.她說她弟弟想跟她一起去。Hesaidtome,“Areyoucomingtomorrow？”→HeaskedmeifIwascomingthenextday.他問我其次天是否要來。Thelibrariansaid,“Youmayhavethisbookforoneweek.”→ThelibrariansaidthatImighthavethatbookforoneweek.圖書館管理員說那本書我可以借一個星期。MrSmithsaid,“Jackisagoodworkmate.”→MrSmithsaidthatJackwasagoodworkmate.史密斯先生說杰克是個不錯的同事。Hesaid,“Marywashereoneweekago.”→HesaidthatMaryhadbeenthereoneweekbefore.他說瑪麗一周前在那里待過。[即學即用3]將干脆引語變?yōu)殚g接引語(1)“Iamateacher，”Jacksaid.→Jacksaidthathe_was_a_teacher.(2)ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme？”→SheaskedTomifhe_could_help_her.(3)Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.”→Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshe_was_waiting_for_the_bus.四、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語、方向性動詞的變更(1)干脆引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語、方向性動詞會發(fā)生相應的變更。常見狀況如下表所示：干脆引語間接引語thisthatthesethosetodaythatdaythismorning/afternoonevening,etc.thatmorning/afternoon/evening,etc.yesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousdaythedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdaythedayaftertomorrowintwodays'time/twodayslaternextweek/month/year,ect.thenextweek/month/year，etc.;thefollowingweek/month/year,etc.lastweek/month/year,etc.theweek/month/yearbefore,etc.；thepreviousweek/month/year,etc.twoweeks/months/yearsagotwoweeks/months/yearsbeforenowthenheretherecomegobringtake(2)假如在當?shù)剞D述，here不必改為there，動詞come不必改為go；假如在當天轉述，yesterday，tomorrow等時間狀語也不必變更。Kevinsaidtome,“Thesephotosweretakentenyearsago.”→Kevintoldmethatthosephotoshadbeentakentenyearsbefore.凱文告知我說那些照片是10年前拍的。Hesaid,“Ididn'tcomehereyesterday.”→Hesaidthathehadn'tgonetherethedaybefore.他說他前一天沒有去那里。[即學即用4]將干脆引語變?yōu)殚g接引語(1)“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays？”heasked.→HeaskedmewhereI_had_been_those_days.(2)Petersaid,“Ihaven'tseenhertoday.”→Petersaidthathe_hadn't_seen_her_that_day.(3)Thewitnesssaid,“Thishappenedyesterday.”→Thewitnesssaidthathat_had_happened_the_day_before.(4)Thewomansaid,“Iarrivedtwodaysago.”→Thewomansaidthatshe_had_arrived_two_days_before.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．ItoldBobo_turn(turn)offtheTVsinceitwastoolate.2．Myparentsaskedmeo_get(get)homeearlierthedaybefore.3．“Wouldyoupleasenotgo(go)there？”heasked.4．Shewantedhimo_sing(sing)forherfriends.5．Thepolicemantoldtheboysnoto_play(play)inthestreet.6．Theteacheraskedhimif/whetherhecouldfinishthatjobthatday.7．OurheadteachersawtheemptyseatnexttomeandaskedwhereJeffhadgone.8．Theboyaskedmewhetherhecouldusemy(I)bikeforamoment.9．LiFangold(tell)methatWangHuawaswaitingformeoutsideoftheschoolgate.10．Theteachertoldusthatlightravels(travel)muchfasterthansoundandthiswaswhyyousawthelightingfirstandthenheardthethunder.Ⅱ.將下列句子改為間接引語1．“Wherewillyougotomorrow？”Motheraskedme.→MotheraskedmewhereIwould_go_the_next_day.2．Theoldwomansaidtome,“Pleaselockthedoorforme.”→Theoldwomanasked_me_to_lockthedoorforher.3．Theboytoldhisteacher,“Wewenttoanexhibitionyesterday.”→Theboytoldhisteacherthattheyhad_gon