物流專業(yè)英語教程（第4版） 課件 -Unit 8-A Distribution Management

物流專業(yè)英語教程（第4版）主編:張慶英副主編:張夢雅，曾芝蘭高等學校專業(yè)英語教材PassageADistributionManagementPassageBPlanningPhysicalDistributionUNIT8DistributionManagementUNIT8-A

Itiscomposedoflogisticsandmarketingchannels.Theformerperformsphysicalmovementofproducts,andthelattertransferstheownershipofgoods."IntroductiontoDistributionManagement"Logisticsisdefinedastheobtaining,producing,anddistributingofgoodsinproperorderandproperplace.Intheindustrialworld,theemphasisplacedonlogisticsisthedistributionfunction.Thedistributionchannelistheroutethataproducttravelsfromrawmaterialtothecustomer.Inventorymustbemanagedfromthemanufacturertothefinalcustomer.Thedistributionnetworkincludesmanufacturingsites,regionalwarehouses,distributors,andretailoutlets.Thegoalofthenetworkistomaximizecustomerservicewhileminimizingdistributioncosts.Distributionstructurescanbefunctionalorinstitutional.DistributionNetworksTransportationcosts:Highwaytransport,rail,watercarriers,airtransport,andpipeline.Storagecosts:Warehousingcosts,capitaltiedupinstock,insurance,lossesthroughpilferage,andstocktaxes.313233Communicationsanddataprocessingcosts:Affectedbythecomplexityofthedistributionsystem."Distributionisacriticalaspectofacompany’smarketingandproductionefforts.KeycostelementsincludeCostofDistributionStreamliningthesystemtoreducecomplexityandcosts.SimplificationofthesystemReducingtheDistributionCostReductionofstocksConsolidatingstockandoptimizingstockholding.ReducingtheDistributionCostImprovementsinpackagingEfficientpackagingthatbalancesprotectionandcost.ReducingtheDistributionCostEmphasizingbettermethodsandkeepingabreastoftechnologicaladvances."EfficienttransportationandhandlingsystemsReducingtheDistributionCostRoleofIntermediariesAppropriateequipmentmustbespecifiedbasedontheapplication.Thewarehousedesignermustunderstandtheoperatingcharacteristicsofdifferentequipmenttypestoselectthemostsuitableoptionsforstorageandhandlingneeds.RelationshipbetweenManufacturerandIntermediariesInaninstitutionalnetwork,themanufacturermaintainssomecontroloverproductdistribution,oftenthroughlicensingagreementsoradvertisingfunds.Therelationshipbetweenthemanufacturerandintermediarydependsontheirrespectivemarketstrengths.Wholesalersmayassumeinventorymanagementresponsibilities,butmanufacturersmaylosesomecontroloverpriceandpromotion.Theprimarygoalsofthedistributionnetworkaretomaximizeservicetothecustomerwhileminimizingdistributioncosts.Thisincludesensuringtimelydelivery,productavailability,andefficientuseofwarehouses,whilealsobalancingthecostsofmaintainingstockandwarehousesDistributionChannelGoalsTransportation:Modeselection(motor,rail,water,air,pipeline)basedonspeed,cost,andgeography.Warehousing:Costsincreasewiththenumberofwarehouses,butservicelevelsimprove.Stockholding:Capitaltiedupininventory,insurance,andlossesduetotheftordamage."CostFactorsinDistributionDecisions

TheBalanceofDistributionCostsandServiceLevelsAsthenumberofwarehousesincreases,thecustomerservicelevelimproves,butsodothecosts.Balancingcustomerserviceanddistributioncostsiscrucialforachievingoperationalefficiencyandmeetingcustomerexpectations.1.Inaninstitutionalchannel，thestructureconsistsofverticallyalignedcompanieswheretheownershipoftheproductistransferredateachlevel．Notes在機構性渠道中，產品的所有權會在由縱向結盟公司組成的結構的每個層面上發(fā)生轉移2.Amanufacturermaymarkettheproductthroughcompany’sretailoutletsandmayalsodistributethroughanetworkofseparatelyowneddistributionandretailoutlets．

Notes制造商可以通過自己的零售店銷售產品，也可以通過由自主所有的經銷商和零售店構成的網絡分銷產品。3.Experienceindicatesthatthefollowingcostelementsandinterrelationshipsaretheonesthataremostlikelytoprovecriticalinevaluationofalternativedistributionstrategiesandtheeffectontotalcostsandoverallprofits．

Notes經驗表明，下列各成本要素及其相互關系最有可能是評價備選分銷戰(zhàn)略及其對總成本和總利潤的影響的關鍵因素。4.Theconsolidationofstocksinfewerlocationsservingmorecustomerscandrasticallyreducethelevelofstocksheldthoughthiscanonlybeundertakenafterananalysisoftheeffectthiswillhaveonotherdistributioncosts．

Notes將庫存集中存放在為更多的客戶服務的較少地點，可以顯著降低庫存水平，但這只有在分析了其對其他分銷成本的影響之后才能實現(xiàn)。Whatisdistributionchannel?1TopicfordiscussionWhatarethetwotypesofdistributionchannels?Whataretheelementsofdistributioncost?23