沖刺2022年高考-語(yǔ)法填空專訓(xùn)-謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)(四)

沖刺2022年高考語(yǔ)法填空專訓(xùn)（四）謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)妙法應(yīng)對(duì)玩轉(zhuǎn)百變動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞是歷年高考的必考點(diǎn)，對(duì)動(dòng)詞有關(guān)知識(shí)的掌握是考生在語(yǔ)法填空中得高分的關(guān)鍵。動(dòng)詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語(yǔ)形式的變化(如時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致及虛擬語(yǔ)氣)、非謂語(yǔ)形式的變化(如不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞)及詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。第一節(jié)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)與主謂一致)如何判斷填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題攻略?第一步：確定是否作謂語(yǔ)首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，若句中無(wú)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但空處所需詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，空處就用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。?第二步：若填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致：①看“時(shí)間”定時(shí)態(tài)(注意語(yǔ)境中暗含的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))；②看“主語(yǔ)”定語(yǔ)態(tài)(看主語(yǔ)是否為動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者)；③看人稱和數(shù)，確保主謂一致典例印證[典例][2021·全國(guó)卷甲]TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It__41__(build)originallytoprotectthecity42.intheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).分析：第一步：確定填謂語(yǔ)。分析句子成分可知，空處和“hasnowbeencompletelyrestored”作并列謂語(yǔ)。第二步：考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“intheTangdynasty”可知發(fā)生在過(guò)去，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)“it(theXi'anCityWall)”與動(dòng)詞build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。技法1提示詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，確定時(shí)態(tài)的四根據(jù)典例導(dǎo)引1.[2021·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ]Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句中有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)then,因此這里說(shuō)的是當(dāng)初人們把那些石頭放在固定的位置上(即做成石頭臺(tái)階)很難?？旖菟季S1.慧眼識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞在題干中，yesterday，tomorrow，always，since，inthepastfewyears，sofar等都是判定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)常用的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，做題時(shí)可以通過(guò)尋找時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞來(lái)判定時(shí)態(tài)。典例導(dǎo)引2.[2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ]Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand________(point)downtheriver.解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)?？仗幣csmiled構(gòu)成并列謂語(yǔ)，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。自主解答：________快捷思維2.瞻前顧后找并列表示并列關(guān)系的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往時(shí)態(tài)一致，如：and，but，notonly...butalso引導(dǎo)的句子時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)，應(yīng)該一致。典例導(dǎo)引3.[2020·浙江卷7月]Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then，withtheriseofscience，changesbegan.Newmethods________(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。結(jié)合句意可知，Newmethods與mean是主謂關(guān)系，同時(shí)結(jié)合前兩句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填meant。自主解答：________快捷思維3.通過(guò)“語(yǔ)境暗示”解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題有些題目在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，通過(guò)正確理解語(yǔ)境即通過(guò)題干中的語(yǔ)境暗示，也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題的一條行之有效的方法。典例導(dǎo)引4.[2021·沈陽(yáng)監(jiān)測(cè)]ThiswasthefirsttimeI________(experience)sandstormsandIdon'teverwanttobeinoneagain.解析：此題考查固定句式“Thiswasthefirsttimethatsb.haddonesth.”因此，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。自主解答：________快捷思維4.通過(guò)“常用句式”解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題掌握常用句式也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平時(shí)要積累并熟記一些常用句式?！炯挤c(diǎn)金】牢記常見固定句式中的時(shí)態(tài)1．was/weredoing...when＋一般過(guò)去時(shí)2．was/wereabouttodo...when＋一般過(guò)去時(shí)3．had(just)done...when＋一般過(guò)去時(shí)4．Hardly＋had＋主語(yǔ)＋done...when＋一般過(guò)去時(shí)5．Nosooner＋had＋主語(yǔ)＋done...when＋一般過(guò)去時(shí)6．This/That/Itisthe＋序數(shù)詞＋time＋that＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)7．This/That/Itwasthe＋序數(shù)詞＋time＋that＋過(guò)去完成時(shí)8．Itis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since＋一般過(guò)去時(shí)【過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)】1．[2021·西安中學(xué)第二次仿真練習(xí)]Sincethe1980s,withthequickeningofurbanization,manytraditionalhouses________(disappear).2．[2021·泰安市第四次模擬]ThebeautifulsceneryandvarioustraditionalcustomsofLiangshanYiAutonomousPrefecture(行政區(qū))________(bring)greatresourcestothelocaltourismindustryinthepastdecade.3．[2021·遼寧省“名校交流”聯(lián)考]Thatpromisemaybeyearsawayfromrealizationbutrapidtypingenabledbybioprintingatpresent________(push)medicaladvancesforwardatpace.4．[2020·浙江7月]Byabout6000BC,people________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.5．[2020·江蘇高考改編]There,henotonlydidwellasastudentbutalso________(become)anaccomplishedpublicspeaker.6．[2021·江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校第一次聯(lián)考]Asaresult,asthenumberofqubits(量子位)________(increase),thecomputingabilityofquantumcomputersrisestoo.7．[2021·梧州一模]Isaytohimwithacheerfulsmile，“Gotoexerciseandyou________(feel)better.”8．[2021·濟(jì)寧模擬]Therefore,itishightimethatwe________(take)effectivemeasurestoimprovethecurrentsituation.技法2提示詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，明確邏輯關(guān)系定語(yǔ)態(tài)典例導(dǎo)引1.[2021·全國(guó)甲卷]TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It61.________(build)originallytoprotectthecity62.intheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作謂語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)it構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；且根據(jù)originally可知，此處描述的是過(guò)去的情況，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。自主解答：________快捷思維分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則考慮用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。典例導(dǎo)引2.ThebookswhichwerewrittenbyZhouMeisen,afamouswriterinJiangsu,________(sell)well.解析：根據(jù)句意可知，sell在此處表示事物所具有的特征，應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式。自主解答：________快捷思維分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語(yǔ)，且表示的是主語(yǔ)所具有的特征時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義?！具^(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)】1．[2021·銀川市高三考前適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練一]Newly-developedroboticarms____________(show)onTuesdayineastChina'sAnhuiProvince.2．[2021·安徽師大附中5月模擬]Muchoftheexistingwater____________(filter)alreadybyaprocessdesignedtoremovemorethan62radioactivecontaminants.3．[2021·成都市一診模擬]Bornin712,DuFulivedthroughtheviolentfallofChina'sbrilliantTangDynasty.Hehadthedesiretoservehiscountry,buthislife____________(destroy)bytheAnLushanRebellionof755.4．[2020·浙江1月高考]Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould____________(place)onlongevity(長(zhǎng)壽).5．[2021·成都七中高三熱身]Almostanythingcould____________(paint)onzheshan,butthemostpopularonesusuallyfeaturedlandscapes.6．ThebookswhichwerewrittenbyZhouMeisen,afamouswriterinJiangsu,________(sell)outhere.技法3提示詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，確定主謂一致的三原則典例導(dǎo)引1.[2020·新高考山東卷]Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollection________(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.解析：考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Often可知該句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，設(shè)空處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)為“onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollection”，是單數(shù)形式，故此處用is。自主解答：________快捷思維分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語(yǔ)，要考慮語(yǔ)法一致原則確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)。牢記：1．可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。2．v.-ing作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。典例導(dǎo)引2.[2021·廈門市質(zhì)量檢測(cè)]Walkingtowork,takingpartinanonlineexerciseprogramormeetingwithfriendsforawalkalso________(work)toeasilygetmorephysicalactivity.解析：考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和主謂一致。此處描述客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。并列主語(yǔ)用or連接時(shí)，主謂一致遵循“就近原則”?！癿eetingwithfriendsforawalk”為動(dòng)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)。自主解答：________快捷思維1.就近原則：由or;either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。2．就遠(yuǎn)原則：主語(yǔ)后跟有with，togetherwith，aswellas，but，except，alongwith，ratherthan等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。典例導(dǎo)引3.Thefamilyaswellastheirdog________(trap)ontheroofbythefloodyesterday.解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，trap在句中作謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是thefamily,在此指的是一家人，根據(jù)意義一致原則，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。自主解答：________快捷思維分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是集體名詞時(shí)，要考慮主謂一致原則確定其單復(fù)數(shù)。集體名詞看作整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，看作個(gè)體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！具^(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)】1．[2021·咸陽(yáng)市高考模擬]Eventhoughthere________(be)moreopportunitiestogooutanddofunthingsinthecity,itmaytakefocusawayfromyourstudies.2．[2021·新鄉(xiāng)市三模]Whatyouseenow________(be)justtheshadowofalargerancestraldistribution.3．[2021·山西太原高三押寶題]GrainBuds,(Chinese:小滿),the8thsolartermofayear，________(mean)thattheseedsfromthegrainarebecomingfullbutarenotripe.4．[2021·湖北省黃岡市高三調(diào)研]Practicing,tosumup,________(be)ofgreatestimportanceforthosewhoaredeterminedtolearnknowledgewell.5．[2021·湖南長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)模擬]ThetraditionalChinesemarriageusually________(involve)somenecessaryprocedures，suchasmatch-making，engagement，meetingthebride，andthreebows.6．[2021·寧波九校聯(lián)考]It'ssaidthatnotgettingenoughsleep________(lead)topoorjudgment，lackofcreativity，andevendepression.Test1[2021·昆明市高三“三診一?！盷Theideaofinvitingthepublictotakepartinscientificstudiesisknownas“citizenscience”.Anyone1.________helpsscientistsdothejobiscalleda“citizenscientist”.Whatcanyougetifyoubecomeacitizenscientist?Asenseofpurpose!Citizenscienceprojectscanhelpyoumakegooduseof2.________(you)time.Funtimes!Youneverknowwhatmight3.________(find).Moreeducation!Learnaboutsome4.________(attract)thingswhiledoingscientificjobs.Whenyou'rehavingfunintheparkandseeabird,whynottakeapictureofit?Withasimpleclick,youcouldbehelpingscientists!ShanghaiNaturalHistoryMuseumhas5.________app.Peoplecanuploadsounds,6.________(photo)andlocationsofanimalsiftheyseethemaroundtheircity.Scientistscanusethesedata7.________(study)cityanimalsandbetterprotectthem.Infact,peoplejustlikeyoucanhelpoutwithmanyscientificstudies.Forexample,scientistsalwaysspendmanyyears8.________(discover)everykindofladybug(瓢蟲)intheworld.Butifweshareourownpicturesofladybugswithscientists,theycanfindthemmuch9.________(fast).Asoneoldsayinggoes,“Manyhandsmakelightwork.”O(jiān)fcourse,thereismoretostudythanjustanimals.Therearemanyotherfunprojects,such10.________watchingstarsandclouds,countingpenguinsandevenlisteningtolaughs.You'llfindthatscienceisfunandisforeveryone!Test2[2021·貴陽(yáng)市學(xué)期監(jiān)測(cè)]“Awonderfulexperience.Thestaffatthehotelmadeeverythingeasyandcomfortable.Weonlyhadalongweekend,andwishithadbeen1.________(long).I'malreadywondering2.________Icanvisitagain，”KarenB,atouristfromAustralia,describesherstayatTeaCozyonTripAdvisor.The“hotel”sheisreferringtois3.________(actual)ahomestay(家庭寄宿)inYangshuo,whichnow4.________(have)around1，000homestays.AsoneofChina'searlytouristdestinationstoopenuptotheworldintheearly1980s,Yangshuogot5.________(it)firsthomestayinthemid-1980s.Ithasnowgrownintoanindustry.WuJianyuan,a30-year-oldfromJiwoduvillageinYangshuoreturned6.________herhometowntoworkasafrontdeskmanageratahomestayafter7.________(gain)experienceofworkinginhotelsinGuangdongandJiangsu8.________(province).“Thepaymentisbetterhere.Lifeandworkarestable,andYangshuoisnotonly9.________beautifulplace,butmyhometoo，”shesays.WuisoneofthemanyworkersfromYangshuowhoreturnedtoworkinherhometown.ThetourismindustryisrecoveringquicklyastheCOVID-19haslargely10.________(control)inChina.ThebookingrateathomestaysinYangshuo,particularlythehigh-endones,hasalmostreturnedtothepre-pandemiclevel.Test3[2021·河南、廣東、湖北、湖南部分學(xué)校3月聯(lián)考]Atextbookexchangeisabusinessthatbuysandsellscollegetextbooks.Textbookscanrepresent1.________significantpartofastudent'seducationbudget.Bypurchasingusedtextbooksorsellingunneededbookstoatextbookexchange,studentscan2.________(great)reducetheirexpenses.Traditionally,universitybookstoresweretheonlysourcesfor3.________(require)textbooks.Thesuccessofbookstores4.________buyandsellusedbooksinspiredsomebusinesses5.________(copy)theprocessfortextbooks.Atextbookexchangewillpurchasetextbooksfromstudentswhohavecompletedcoursesandnolongerneedthematerials.Thismeansthebusinesscanreselltheusedbooksatapricemuchlowerthantheiroriginalcost.Thisisvery6.________(benefit)tostudentswhoarestrugglingtomeettheirschoolfeesandlivingexpenses.Eversinceitfirstappeared,thetextbookexchange7.________(increase)theoptionsforstudents.Nowusedtextbooks8.________(deliver)almostanywherethroughanystandarddeliveryservice.Thismeansstudentsarenotlimited9.________thebooksavailableattheirlocaluniversitybookstores.Theycancompare10.________(price)onanationaloreveninternationallevelandchoosethemostreasonablypricededitions.Thischangesthesupply-and-demandeconomicfactorsthatcreatehighpricesformosttextbooks.Test4[2021·南昌市一模]RarelyhasasportsteaminChinareceivedpraiseand1.________(admire)asenthusiasticallyastheChinesewomen'svolleyballteam.Ithasagreateffect2.________Chinesepeoplefromallwalksoflife.DirectorPeterChina'sfilmLeapshinesaspotlightonthestrugglesofseveralgenerationsoftheChineseteamintheirattempts3.________(achieve)gloryfortheircountry.Chanbroughtoutintotheopenthedifficultiesbehindproduction.Forexample,thecrewbuilt4.________volleyballtrainingbaseinBeijingbytakingapartandmovingtheoriginal5.________(wood)floorfromthebaseinordertorecreatetheoriginalatmosphere.“Thefloorstillshowstheblood,tearandsweat6.________(leave)bythewomen'svolleyballteammembersbackinthe1980s，”Channoted.“ThepeoplelovetheChinesewomen'svolleyballteam,notonlybecauseyou7.________(win)thechampionship,butalsobecauseyouhavedisplayedthespiritofputtingthemotherlandfirst,throughunity,cooperation,tenacityandnevergivingup.”Thespirit8.________(praise)byPresidentXiJinping,9.________greetedTeamChinaattheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijingonSeptember30.10．________(sure),thatspiritwillliveon.Test5[2021·廣東六校聯(lián)盟高三第二次聯(lián)考]Tencent'sWeChatintroducednewemojistoits1.________(exist)emojisetonWednesday.2.________newemojisincludeafacewithrollingeyes,a“l(fā)etmesee”face,3.________thatissighing,acrackedsmilingfaceandsoon.The“l(fā)etmesee”emoji,4.________featuresafacewithapeekingeye,hasbecomeahottopicamongnetusers5.________itresemblesPrinceYongqiinthehitTVdramaPrincessHuanzhu.ThetopfivemostpopularemojisusedbyWeChatusersin20196.________(be)“facepalm,grin,chuckle,thumb-upandrose”，accordingtoareportreleasedbyTencent'sWeChatinJanuary.Forusersborninthe2000s,theirfavoriteWeChatemojiwouldprobablybethewidelyused“facepalm”.Mostpost-90sWeChatusersarelate7.________(rise)comparedwithothergroups,andtheemoji“facewithtearsofjoy”rulestheironlinesociallife.Forusersborninthe1980s,theirreadingtaste8.________(change)littleoverthelastthreeyears,astheystillsticktonewsonnationalaffairs.Anda“toothygrin”istheiremojioftheyear.WeChatusersborninthe1970sarean9.________(optimism)group,who