定語(yǔ)從句及練習(xí)

定語(yǔ)從句1．何為定語(yǔ)從句？———在復(fù)合句中，用一個(gè)由主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的陳述句修飾某一個(gè)名詞或代詞的句子就叫定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞的作用有三：一是放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用；二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，三是重復(fù)先行詞的意義，故其數(shù)與先行詞一致。2．由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞Who人主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)ThemanwhoImettodaytoldmetocomeback.Whatdoyouthinkoftheboywhoisperformingonthestage?Whom,that,which在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，在非正式文體中?？墒÷?，但介詞提前時(shí)，不能用that,whom,which不可省。Whose=ofwhom指人，whose=ofwhich指物Whom人賓語(yǔ)Thegirl(whom)ImetlookslikeLily.Iknowtheactortowhomyoujusttalked.That人、物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)TheplanethathasjustflownisforGZ.Iamnotthefool(that)youthoughtmetobe.Which物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)ThisisabookwhichdescribesCanada.Thepen(which)youlentmeismissing.Whose人、物定語(yǔ)Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.Theroomwhosewindowisredismine.As人、物主賓表狀LiBaiisafamouspoet,aseverybodyknows.HestudiesinthesamecollegeasIdo.關(guān)系副詞When時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Don’tforgetthetimewhenwemether.IthappenedonthedaywhenIwasout.when可用in/onwhich代替Where地點(diǎn)Thisistheplacewherewelivedlastyear.IrecentlywenttothetownwhereIwasborn.where可用in/atwhich代替why原因1.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomewasthathemissedhistrain.why可用forwhich代替注意：★先行詞表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)，有時(shí)用where，有時(shí)用that/which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。這時(shí)要根據(jù)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)判斷。如果vt.是就用that/which，否則就用where。Eg.Thisisthehousewherehelived.Thisisthehousethat/whichhevisited.★關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞只有reason一詞。可以轉(zhuǎn)換為forwhich，有時(shí)也可以用that或者省略。Eg.Thereason(why/forwhich/that)Iboughttherosesisthatmygirlfriendlikesthem.★how不能用作關(guān)系副詞，不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)表示方式theway的定語(yǔ)從句用that或inwhich，常省略that或inwhich。Eg.Thisistheway(inwhich/that)wedidit.=Thisishowwedidit.只能用that的情況All,everything,anything,nothing(something除外)，little,much等不定代詞作先行詞時(shí)；Eg.YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)以及first,last,only,very等詞修飾時(shí)；Eg.JamesisthebestsingerthatIhaveeverknown.當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)；Eg.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwerememberedinschool.先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)；Eg.SheistheonlypersonthatIwanttosee.先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some修飾時(shí)；Eg.Pleasesendusanyinformationthatyouhaveaboutthesubject.當(dāng)句中已有who時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)。Eg.Whoisthepersonthatistalkingtoourheadmaster?4.As在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法①As可用作關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，在所引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，既可做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，又可作狀語(yǔ)，As代替的先行詞既可是人，又可是物，或整個(gè)句子。Eg.Suchstudentsaswerepraisedjustnowworkedhard.(as做主語(yǔ))SuchbooksasIborrowedyesterdayareallhere.(as做賓語(yǔ))PleasedoitinthesamewayasIdid.(as做狀語(yǔ))Asweallknow,hisgrandpawaskilledinthewar.(as做賓語(yǔ))②在thesame…as結(jié)構(gòu)中，有時(shí)也可用thesame…that，但兩者句意不同，as表示“相似性”，that表示“同一性”Eg.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.（兩者相似，但不是同一個(gè)）ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.（即是同一個(gè)）5．改錯(cuò)Theguidetowhichyoutalkedisagoodhunter.Hestillrememberedthemenandbookswhichinterestedhimthen.Theshirtisnotexpensiveforhimthathisunclelikes.Childreneatmuchsugargetbadteeth.Thisiswhoeveryonerespects.Thosewhohasfinishedmayleavetheclassroomnow.ThewomanwhoteachusEnglishisJenny.Thisisoneofthehousesthatisfreenow.Homework:1.a)Theman___shemarriedlastyearwasasoldier.b)Theman___shewasmarriedwasasoldier.A.whomB.towhomC.withwhomD.whose2.a)Theday___shespendwithuswasnevertobeforgotten.b)Theday___sheplayedwithuswasnevertobeforgotten.A./B.onwhichC.whenD.whicha)Isthisthefactory___youvisitedlastweek?b)Isthisfactory___youvisitedlastweek?A.whereB.whichC.towhichD.theonea)Thehouse___windowfacessouthisforthedoctor.b)thehouse___facessouthisforthedoctor.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.wherea)Shebroughtforwardaplan___wedidn’tagree.b)Shebroughtforwardaplan___wecouldn’taccept.A./B.whichC.thatD.towhicha)Theinvention___shespenttwoyearswilldogoodtotheworld.b)Theinvention___tookhertwoyearswilldogoodtotheworld.A.whichB./C.onwhichD.when14.a)Thisisoneofthebestnovels___publishedlastyear.b)Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovels___publishedlastyear.A.whichwereB.whichwasC.thatwereD.thatwas16.a)Shehastwoskirts,___wereboughtlastsummer.b)Shehastwoskirts,___wereboughtlastsummer.A.BothofwhichB.bothofthemC.bothofwhichD.Bothofthem17.a)Hehasmanychildren,someof___areworkers.b)Hehasmanychildren,andsomeof___areworkers.A.whichB.thatC.themD.whom18.a)Iwassurprisedthathedidthesame___Ihaddone.b)Iwassurprisedthathedidn’tliketheway___Ihaddone.A.thatB.whichC.onwhichD.as19.a)___iswellknownthatgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinarecently.b)___iswellknown,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinarecently.A.ThatB.AsC.WhichD.It20.a)Galileocollectedfacts___provedtheEarthmovesroundthesun.b)Galileocollectedfacts___theEarthmovesroundthesun.A.whichB.thatC.ofwhichD.AandB21.a)Helikesthedictionary___coverisbrown.b)Ilikethedictionarythecoverof___isred.A.thatB.whichC.who’sD.whose27.Thereporter___talkingtotheshopassistantishumorous.A.whichisB.whomisC.whoyouareD.whois28.Thatistheoffice___Lincolnonceworkedin.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.inwhich29.TheskirtisAnn’s,___colorispink.A.it’sB.whoseC.who’sD.that30.Thecomputer___lastWednesdaywon'tworknow.A.IboughB.IboughtitC.whichIbuyD.thatboughtit31.Shanghaiistheveryplace___foreignersareeagertostayatforweekends.A.whereB.inwhichC.thatD.whose32.Themusician___isgoingtoEuropenextyear.A.whichthemanageristalkingtoB.whothemanageristalkingC.themanageristalkingtohimD.themanageristalkingto33.Doyouhaveanything___Imustdoforyou?A.whichB.whatC.elseD.howAttributiveclauseexercise:1-6ABABBDCADACA14-21(-15)CDCDDCDADBDBDB27-33DBBACDC21.Iwillinvite_______mydaughterloves.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.whicheverD.whatever22.Youcanbuyasmanycopiesofthisbook________youwants.A.thatB.whichC.asD.forwhich23.Tomatemorefood_______wasgoodforhishealth.A.thatB.asC.thanD.which24.Hewashidingbehindthedoor_________hecouldseewhatwashappening.A.whichB.fromwhereCfromwhichD.where25.Shewore,_______wasveryuncommoninthecountry,aredgarment.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it=Sheworearedgarment,_______wasveryuncommoninthecountry.26.TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich27.______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What28.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich29.Iworkinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that30.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that31.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which32.________isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As33.Anyway,thatevening,____I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which34.Astorygoes______ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that35.Thefactoryproduceshalfamil