犢牛去角最佳實(shí)踐

犢牛去角最佳實(shí)踐BestpracticesfordehorningCyrilJosse,Managingdirector斯瑞爾.約瑟,總監(jiān)

FranceKalfarmInc.法國(guó)卡爾法牧公司關(guān)愛(ài)犢牛Takingcareofcalves控制疾病Controldiseases減少應(yīng)激ReduceStress優(yōu)質(zhì)飼料QualityFeed為什么去角

WhyDehorn?牧場(chǎng)管理因素PracticalReasons容易進(jìn)入頸夾Easyaccesstoheadlocks空間利用更充分Gainofspace更安全地操控奶牛Handlingcowsmoresafely安全因素SafetyReasons避免人員受傷Avoidingfarmertogethurt避免其它奶牛受傷Avoidingcowstohurteachothers財(cái)務(wù)因素FinancialReasons牛皮的損傷Leatherskindamaged=Gettinglessmoney醫(yī)療支出Medical犢牛去角的方法

WhatmethodsforDehorning?犢牛

WithyoungCalf化學(xué)去角膏Chemical(caustic)paste電熱和燃?xì)馊ソ瞧鱁lectric&GasIrons灼燒去角芽工具

Cauterizer成年牛

Withadultbovine液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)切割Hydraulicpress線鋸Wiresaw環(huán)切鋸Circularsaw化學(xué)去角膏

Chemical(caustic)paste許多歐洲國(guó)家法律禁止使用

Notlegalanymore

insomeEuropeancountries必須用在一周齡以內(nèi)犢牛

Hastobeusedataveryyoungage，

Usuallywithinthe1stweekofthecalf’slife.害處：藥膏可能腐蝕過(guò)深

HAZARDOUS:pastecouldburndeepintothe

skull&hasaverylongeffect(severaldays)必須確保犢牛在干燥環(huán)境

Mustkeepthecalvesindryenvironment藥膏可能擦到母牛奶頭及其它犢牛體表

Causticpastemightgoonmotherteatsorotherscalvesbyrubbingthem電熱和燃?xì)馊ソ荅lectricandGasIrons等待時(shí)間

烙鐵加熱到合適溫度一般需要10～15分鐘

Waitingtimeforanyironstoheatedupisbetween10and15minutes.溫度

變動(dòng)大，且取決于環(huán)境溫度

Temperaturevaries,dependingofambienttemperature去角時(shí)間（灼燒）不易控制

（20-50sec）

Uncontrolledburningtime(averagetime:

between20&50seconds)強(qiáng)烈推薦烙鐵不能在牛頭部停留時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)

ItishighlyrecommendedtheIrondoes

NOTstaytoolongonthecalf’shead對(duì)犢牛是非常痛苦的過(guò)程

VeryPainfulforthecalves(burning,scoopoutthebud)有可能燙傷操作者

Risksoffireandburningtheoperator.電池驅(qū)動(dòng)的灼燒法Cauterizationwithoperatedbatterydevice沒(méi)有預(yù)熱等待時(shí)間

Nowaitingtimetoheatedup灼燒時(shí)間和溫度全自動(dòng)控制

TimeandTemperatureareFULLYcontrolled不再是燙整個(gè)牛角生長(zhǎng)基質(zhì)，而是

環(huán)狀灼燒牛角生長(zhǎng)基質(zhì)的血管組織

ItisNOTaburnanymore,itisa

Cauterization大幅度減少犢牛經(jīng)受的痛苦

Muchlesspainforthecalves去角造成的影響Dehorningconsequences?犢牛總是嘗試不外露其所承受的痛苦

Calveswilltrynottoshowanysignsofpain

(外露承受的痛苦＝獵食者會(huì)主動(dòng)攻擊）

Showanysignofpain=Predatorswillhuntthem)犢牛頭部的表現(xiàn)

Headsigns頻繁搖頭，低頭

Headshakingandpointingdown耳朵擺動(dòng)

Movingears對(duì)著欄桿、門柱等摩擦牛角受傷的部位Rubbingthewoundwithhislegoragainstpoles,gates,corner…整體表現(xiàn)

Overall去角后數(shù)天內(nèi)食欲降低Appetitedecreasingforseveraldays活動(dòng)減少Notmovingmuch趨向于離群獨(dú)處Tendencytostayalone&awayfromthegroup去角造成的影響Dehorningconsequences:stress《控制》是指在控制犢牛本身?

Control

?iswhenyoumanipulatethecalvesonly應(yīng)激狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)在去角過(guò)程中和之后StressmonitoringduringandafterDehorning藍(lán)色：局部麻醉的效果

Inblue:effectofthelocalanaesthetic去角造成的影響Dehorningconsequences:stress《控制》是指在控制犢牛本?

Control

?iswhenyoumanipulatethecalvesonly日齡更大的犢?！度ソ恰返膽?yīng)激更高，恢復(fù)時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)Oldercalves?

dehorned

?,stressisveryhigh&recoveringtimereallylong應(yīng)激狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)在去角過(guò)程中和之后StressmonitoringduringandafterDehorning藍(lán)色：局部麻醉的效果

Inblue:effectofthelocalanaesthetic去角造成的影響Dehorningconsequences:stress《控制》是指在控制犢牛本?

Control

?iswhenyoumanipulatethecalvesonly日齡更大的犢?！度ソ恰返膽?yīng)激更高，恢復(fù)時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)Oldercalves?

dehorned

?,stressisveryhigh&recoveringtimereallylong年輕犢牛電熱《去角芽》應(yīng)激小于年長(zhǎng)的犢牛

（應(yīng)激減少一倍，恢復(fù)速度加倍）Youngcalves?

disbudded

?withiron:stressislessthanoldercalves(almost?asless&recoveringistwiceasfast).應(yīng)激狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)在去角過(guò)程中和之后

StressmonitoringduringandafterDehorning藍(lán)色：局部麻醉的效果

Inblue:effectofthelocalanaesthetic去角造成的影響：

心跳速率Dehorningconsequences:Heartbeats心率監(jiān)測(cè)在去角過(guò)程中和之后

HeartbeatmonitoringduringandafterDehorning藍(lán)色：局部麻醉有效期

Inblue,localanaestheticduration.紅線代表犢牛心跳速率基線Redlineshowscalvesinnormalcondition.黑線代表犢牛去角芽后心跳速率加快的幅度Blacklineshowscalvesbeingdisbudwithiron去角造成的影響：

疼痛Dehorningconsequences:Pain去角的4”G”原則

4“G’s”inDehorning良好的時(shí)機(jī)A

Goodtiming四周齡之內(nèi)完成

Before4weeks更容易控制Mucheasiertomanipulate.血管貼近體表Bloodvesselsjustunder

theskin和其它事件（疫苗注射、轉(zhuǎn)欄、斷奶等）不交叉Avoidtocombinewithanyotherinterventionsuchas:vaccination,changingenvironment,weaning.去角的4”G”原則

4“G’s”inDehorning良好的控制

A

Goodrestraint安全控制犢牛意味犢牛去角芽已經(jīng)成功了80%。

Goodholdoftheheadis80%ofsuccessinDisbudding.犢牛無(wú)法自由移動(dòng)，意味著去角芽工作能快速

良好的完成

Calfnotmovingmeansworkingquickly

andavoidtospendtoomuchtimetohaveasuccessfuldisbudding良好的控制能保證犢牛和操作人員的安全

Goodholdofthecalfmakesitsaferforthecalf&thefarmer(operator).去角的4”G”原則

4“G’s”inDehorning良好的方法

AGoodmethod灼燒時(shí)間不超過(guò)十秒

Cauterizationnomorethan10seconds灼燒而不是燙

Cauterization¬aburn不要力壓

Donotpushtoohardonthedevice4-5毫米的灼燒深度4-5mmcauterizationdepth抗菌噴霧降低灼燒部位溫度Anti-septicspraytocooloff防蠅處理

（可選）Treatagainstflies(whenapplicable)去角的4”G”原則

4“G’s”inDehorning良好的疼痛管理

AGoodmanagementofthepain歐洲的法律

TheEuropeanLaw?在歐洲，

小于四周齡的犢牛不強(qiáng)制使用局部麻醉。InEurope,thelawislocalanaestheticisnotmandatorywhenthecalvesarelessthan4weeksold.對(duì)于最佳疼痛管理的角度出發(fā)，建議在去角芽五分鐘之前，使用局部麻醉和抗生素處理所有犢牛

Forthebest“painmanagement”itissuggestedtodoalocalanaestheticandashotofanti-inflammatory5minutesbeforedisbuddingevenwhencalvesarelessthan4weeks.遵守以上推薦，最大限度減少犢牛痛楚，讓去角工作更容易。Ifyoufollow“painmanagement”recommendationsitwillbemucheasieronthefarmer(operator)andlesspainfulandstressfulforthecalves.去角的4”G”原則

4“G’s”inD