主旨大意題 （分層練）（解析版）-2024年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)（新高考專用）

專題驗收評價

專題10主旨大意題

內(nèi)容概覽

A?常考題不丟分

【命題點01標(biāo)題歸納題】

【命題點02文章大意題】

【命題點03段落大意題】

【微專題主旨大意題易錯陷阱】

B?拓展培優(yōu)拿高分

C-挑戰(zhàn)真題爭滿分

A??？碱}不丟分、

JC命題點則L.標(biāo)題歸納題JL

1.12023屆浙江省四校（杭州二中、溫州中學(xué)、紹興一中、金華一中）高三5月聯(lián)考】

Intheanimalkingdom,mimics（模仿）arenotrare.Stickinsectspretendtobetwigs.Hawkmothcaterpillars

resemblepoisonoussnakes.Theexamples,though,arevisual.Auditorymimicryisrarer.DaniloRussoofthe

UniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovelcaseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Some

bats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.

Dr.Russofirstnoticedbatbuzzingafewyearsago.Thenoisestruckhimassimilartothesoundofsomebees.

Hewonderedwhetherbatbuzzingwasaformofmimicrywhichhelpedtoscareoffwould-bepredators.

Totestthisidea,heandhiscolleaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatcapturedbatsmade.Then,with

protectiveclothing,theybeganthemoredangeroustaskofrecordingthebuzzingmadebydifferentbees.Computer

analysisrevealedthatbees'andbats'buzzingwere,indeed,similar.

Thentheresearchersrecruitedseveralowls.Theyputtheowls,oneatatime,inanenclosurewithbranchesfor

themtostayon,andtwoboxeswithholesinthem.Theyplacedaloudspeakeralongsideoneoftheboxesand,after

thebirdshadsettledin,broadcastthroughitfivesecondsofuninterruptedbatbuzzingandasimilaramountof

insectbuzzingthreetimesinarowforeachnoise.Asacontrol,theybroadcastinlikemannerseveralnon-buzzing

soundsmadebybats.

Duringthebroadcastsandforfiveminutesthereafter,theyvideoedtheowls.Afteranalysis,theresultswere

unequivocal.Whentheyheardboththebatbuzzingandthebeebuzzing,theowlsmovedasfarfromthespeakers

astheycould.Incontrast,whenthenon-buzzingbatsoundswereplayed,theycreptcloser.

Dr.Russobelievesthisisthefirstreportedcaseofamammalusingauditorymimicrytoscareawayapredator.

Theystronglysuspect,however,thatitisnotunique.Anecdotessuggestseveralbirdsalsomakebuzzingnoises

whentheirnestsaredisturbed.Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditorymimicryis

farmorewidespreadthancurrentlyrealized.

35.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ANewTricktoScareAwayOwlsB.AnimalMimicry:Buzzoff

C.ASelf-protectionBehavioramongAnimalsD.Bats:NoMoreVictimtoOwls

【答案】35.B

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了DaniloRusso認(rèn)為蝙蝠模仿憤怒的蜜蜂的聲音來嚇走敵人,

為了驗證這一想法，他進行了一系列實驗。

35.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"DaniloRussooftheUniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovel

caseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowls

thatmightotherwiseeatthem.（那不勒斯費德里科二世大學(xué)的DaniloRusso認(rèn)為他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個新的例子，他在

《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》中描述了這一點。他認(rèn)為，有些蝙蝠模仿憤怒的蜜蜂是為了嚇跑可能會吃掉它們的貓頭鷹）”

結(jié)合文章主要說明了DaniloRusso認(rèn)為蝙蝠模仿憤怒的蜜蜂的聲音來嚇走敵人，為了驗證這一想法，他進行

了一系列實驗。可知，B選項“動物模仿：讓捕食者走開”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。

2.【山東省曲阜師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年質(zhì)量檢測】

Perhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney.Strangeasitmayseem,ifyou're

unsatisfied,theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires-notthatyoucannotsatisfy

yourtastesbutthatyoudon'thaveenoughtastes.

Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities（能力）toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealready

swamped（淹沒）withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomany

rooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.

Yourhouseoflifeoughttobeamansion（豪宅）,aroyalpalace.Everynewtaste,everyadditionalinterest,every

freshenthusiasmaddsaroom.Hereareseveralroomsyourhouseoflifeshouldhave.

Artshouldbeadesireforyoutodevelopsimplybecausetheworldisfullofbeautifulthings.Ifyouonly

understoodhowtoenjoythemandfeedyourspiritonthem,theywouldmakeyouashappyastofindplentyof

hamburgersandeggswhenyou'rehungry.

Literature,classicliterature,isabeautiful,richlyfurnishedroomwhereyoumightfindmanyanhourofrestand

refreshment.Togainthatlovewouldgotowardmakingyouarichperson,forarichpersonisnotsomeonewhohas

alibrarybutwholikesalibrary.

MusiclikeMozart'sandBach'sshouldn'tbeabsent.Realrichesareofthespirit.Andwhenyou'vebroughtthat

spirituptowhereclassicalmusicfeedsitandmakesyoualittledrunk,youhaveincreasedyourthrillsandbettered

them.Andlifeisamatterofthrills.

Sports,withoutwhichyouremainpoor,meanalotinlife.Nomatterwhoyouare,youwouldbemorehuman,

andyourhouseoflifewouldbebettersupportedagainstthebaddays,ifyoucould,anddid,playedabit.

Whateverroomsyoumightaddtoyourhouseoflife,thesecretofenjoyinglifeistokeepadding.

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HouseofLifeB.SecretofWealth

C.RestandRefreshmentD.InterestandEnthusiasm

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了現(xiàn)實生活里很多人物質(zhì)上非常豐富，住豪宅，享美

食。但是他們精神上卻是貧窮的，要想得到內(nèi)心的幸福，需要了解藝術(shù)，文學(xué)，音樂等等不同的內(nèi)容來豐

富我們的內(nèi)心世界。文章中多次提到“house”，把生活比喻為“一所房子”，要想幸福，必須在這所房子里填

滿藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、音樂等精神上的東西。A項“HouseofLife”涵蓋了這些內(nèi)容。故選A項。

3.【安徽省皖江名校聯(lián)盟2023年高三聯(lián)考】

Well,topickupwhereweleftofflasttime.I'mcertainthatyouknowalltoowellthedangershidingonthe

WorldWideWeb.Andwhetherit'sforschoolwork,entertainment,orjustsocializingwithfriends,theInternetwill

surelybeamajorpartofyourchild'slife.So,ifsimportanttosecuretheironlinestays.

It,snottheeasiestthing,butkeepingopenlinesofcommunicationisprimary.Letthemknowtheycanshare

theironlineactivitieswithyou.Talktothemabouttheironlinepresenceasearlyaspossible,ideallybeforethey

begintouseemail,socialmedia,orasmartphone.Discusswhattheyfindinterestingonlineandlearningfromthem

aboutpopularwebsitesandapps;thiswillcreateunderstandingandallowyoutoidentifypotentialrisks.

Next,monitorwithoutspying.Mostkidslearntounderstandboundaries,likerespectingothers'personalspace,

ornotopeningthecookiejarwithoutasking.Internetuseisnodifferent.Ifshelpfulforkidstohavegroundrules

astowhichwebsitestheycanvisit,whichappstheycanuse,andwhattheycanshareonline.Remindthemthatif

theyfeeluneasywithanythingthatoccursonline,theyneedtoalertanadultimmediately.

Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhatIsHiddenontheNet?B.HowtoMakeOnlineStays?

C.BeaSmarterInternetUserD.KeepYourKidsSafeOnline

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“So,it'simportanttosecuretheironlinestays.（因此，確保他們在網(wǎng)上的安

全是很重要的）”及全文，文章主要提供了“如何保障孩子網(wǎng)上活動安全”的幾條建議。由此可知，"KeepYour

KidsSafeOnline（保證你的孩子安全上網(wǎng)）”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選D。

4.【福建省泉州科技中學(xué)2023年高三試題】

Stuckinsidehisroomatanassistedlivingcenter,BobColemanknewhecouldnotgooutinpublicwiththe

epidemic（疫）.Buthewasnotcutofffromoutside:hesharedhisloveforcountrymusicovertheInternet."Hello,

everybody.IfsabrightdayinTennessee,hesaidintohismicrophone.t4ThisisBobColeman,comingtoyoufrom

Room3325...”.ThenColemanbegantoplaythemusicheloves-hitsfromcountrymusicstars.The88-year-old

carefullychooseseachsong.

ColemanandseveralotherretireeshaveturnedintoDJs（流行音樂播音員），foranewonlineradiohour

knownas“RadioRecliner.^^AmarketingcompanycalledLuckiecameupwiththeideaofRadioRecliner.Listeners

cansendsongrequestsinhonoroffamilyorfriends.Forexample,listenersmighthearamessagelikethis:"Hey,

Granny.ThisisyourfavoritegranddaughterAmy.Wejustwantedtocallinandsayweloveyou.^^The60-minute

showstartedwithretireesinmiddleTennessee.Ithassinceexpanded,withresidentsofassisted-livingcentersin

otherstatestakingpartintheproject.ManyjumpedatthechancetoworkasaDJtoeasethelonelinessofsocial

distancingrules.

MitchBennettservesasLuckie'schiefcreativeofficer.Hesaystheideawastoprovideasenseofcommunity

toolderpeople."Forthisgeneration,radiowastheoriginalsocialmedia,9,Bennettsaid,"'Dedicatingasongto

someoneyouloveandhavingthemhearitalongwitheveryoneelseisaspecialwayofconnecting.^^

InGeorgia,80-year-oldEdRosenblatt,whohadmadefullpreparationsforhisshow,saidanhourhespent

playingsongsonRadioReclinerresultedinafloodoftextmessages,emailsandcallsfromfamilyandfriends,and

manyofthemessageswerefrompeoplehehadnotheardfromforyears.

Whafsthebesttitleforthetext?

A.OlderAdultsNeedMoreCareDuringtheEpidemic

B.OlderAdults,StuckbytheEpidemic,TurnIntoDJs

C.OlderAdultsWereBusyWithMusicDuringtheEpidemic

D.OlderAdults,StuckbytheEpidemic,ShowMusicTalents

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述疫情期間老人們積極參與RadioRecliner成為音樂DJ,

通過分享自己喜歡的音樂來擺脫孤獨，以及更多地與朋友和家人聯(lián)系。故B項“受疫情困擾，老年人成為

DJ”可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。

」全題點忠…文章大意題L

i.【陜西省渭南市高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測一?！?/p>

Theearliesttomatoeswerelittlesourberries.Theygrewamonglowbushesindry,sunnyplacesintheAndes

MountainsinSouthAmerica.Itwasabout350millionyearsago.

Tomatoplantsarerelativetonightshade（茄屬植物），whichhaspoison.Theleavesandstemsoftomatoplants

havepoison,buttheberriesaregoodtoeat.Theberriesareredsothatanimalscanfindthemeasilyandeatthem.

Theanimalscarrytheseedstootherplaces.Thatwashowearliesttomatoplantsfoundnewplacestogrow.

Tomatoesarealsorelativetotobacco,chilipeppersandpotatoes.

WhenpeoplefirstcametoSouthAmericaabout20,000yearsago,theyatethesetinywildtomatoes.Travelers

broughtafewkindsofwildtomatoplantsfromtheAndestoCentralAmerica,theretheancestorsoftheMaya

begantofarmthem.Nobodyknowsexactlywhenpeoplebeganfarmingtomatoes,butitprobablywasmuchlater

thancomandbeans,anditwassurelybefore500BC.TheseCentralAmericanfannersbredtomatoestobebigger

andsweeterthanthewildones.

BythetimeSpanishexplorersgottoTenochtitlaninMexicoin1521AD,theAztecpeopleereeatingalotof

tomatoes,madeasauceofchopped（朵！J碎的）tomatoes,onions,saltandchilipeppersthatwasalotlikeoursalsa.

Theword“tomato“comesfromtheirNahuatlword“tomato”.

Becausetomatoesweren'tfarmeduntilprettylate,farmersfurthernorthhadnotyetbeenabletoadaptheir

growingseasontoworkinginNorthAmerica.Eventoday,it'sprettyhardtogetyourtomatoesripeinthenorthern

partsofNorthAmericabeforethegrowingseasonends.

15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Howtogrowtomatoes.

B.Thehistoryoftomatoes.

C.Whentogrowtomatoes.

D.Theplaceswheretomatoesgrow.

【答案】15.B

【解析】主旨大意題。閱讀文章內(nèi)容，并根據(jù)第一段“Theearliesttomatoeswerelittlesourberries.（最早的西紅

柿是小的酸漿果）“，第三段第一句"WhenpeoplefirstcametoSouthAmericaabout20,000yearsago,theyate

thesetinywildtomatoes.（大約2萬年前，當(dāng)人們第一次來到南美洲時，他們吃這些小小的野生番茄）”和第四

段第一句"BythetimeSpanishexplorersgottoTenochtitlaninMexicoin1521AD,theAztecpeopleereeatinga

lotoftomatoes（當(dāng)西班牙探險家在1521年到達(dá)墨西哥的特諾奇蒂特蘭時，阿茲特克人吃了很多西紅柿）”和最

后一段“Becausetomatoesweren*tfarmeduntilprettylate,（因為西紅柿是很晚才開始種植的）“可知，本文介紹了

西紅柿的歷史。故選B。

2.【吉林省長春市重點高中高三下學(xué)期第三次模擬】

Oneofthegreatestchallengesincaringforsuchintelligentanimalsaschimpanzees（猩猩）isprovidingthem

withenrichingexperiences.Everyday,thechimpanzeesatProjectChimpsreceivemorningandeveningfood-based

enrichmentdevices,butcaregiversarealwayslookingformorewaystokeepthechimpsmentallyengaged.With

79chimpanzees,eachwiththeirdistinctivepersonality,carestaffoftenfindthatdifferentchimpsreactdifferently

tonewenrichment.

Lastyear,webeganinvitingmusicianstoperformforchimpstoseewhattheymayrespond.Aviolin

performancereceivedquitetheresponse.Additionalmusicianswerelineduptovisitbutthecoronavirushas

stoppedtheactivities,whichwehopetoresumeinthenearfuture.

Thispastweek,webroughtanelectricpianoforthechimpstoinvestigate.Somechimps,liketwinsButtercup

andClarisse,wereimmediatelyinterestedandcouldnotwaittotapoutafewnotes.Others,likeEmma,weremore

interestedintryingtotakeitapart.

29-year-oldPrecioushasverylittletoleranceforthepiano.Shesatofftothesideforafewminutes,but

eventuallyshedecidedthatwasenough.Shecalledanendtotheenrichmentsessionbythrowingahandfulof

wasteatthepiano.Receivinghermessageloudandclear,weremovedthepiano.

Wecouldneverhaveguessedhow33-year-oldLukewouldreacttoit.Aswithmanyretiredlabchimpanzees,

Lukehassomeanxietyissues.Heseemsparticularlydistrustfulofanythingnew,includingpeople,food,and

enrichment.Butwhenwepresentedthechimpswiththepiano,Lukewasthefirsttoinvestigate.Wecouldnot

believeoureyes-thisusuallyanxiouschimpanzeebravelychosetoexploresomethingnew!

TousatProjectChimps,thisiswhatitisallabout:givingchimpanzeesthefreedomtochoose.Weare

honoredtobepartoftheirjourney.

11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Howcaregiverscarefortheretiredchimpanzees.

B.Whatcarestaffdotoenrichchimpanzees5dailylife.

C.Howchimpanzeesaretrainedthroughvariousenrichment.

D.WhatProjectChimpsdoestoobserveandstudywildchimps.

【答案】11.B

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段前兩句"Oneofthegreatestchallengesincaringforsuchintelligentanimalsas

chimpanzees（猩猩）isprovidingthemwithenrichingexperiences.Everyday,thechimpanzeesatProjectChimps

receivemorningandeveningfood-basedenrichmentdevices,butcaregiversarealwayslookingformorewaysto

keepthechimpsmentallyengaged.（照顧像黑猩猩這樣聰明的動物最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一是為他們提供豐富的生活

體驗。每天，“黑猩猩計劃”的黑猩猩都會收到早晚的伴隨食物一起的豐富體驗，但護理人員總是在尋找更多

的方法讓黑猩猩保持精神狀態(tài)）”，以及最后一段“TousatProjectChimps,thisiswhatitisallabout:giving

chimpanzeesthefreedomtochoose.Wearehonoredtobepartoftheirjourney.（對于從事黑猩猩計戈的我們來說,

這就是它的全部意義：給予黑猩猩選擇的自由。我們很榮幸能成為他們旅程的一部分）”可知，本文主要講述

了參與“黑猩猩計劃”的護理人員為了豐富黑猩猩的生活而采取的各種措施；選項B意為“護理人員如何豐富

黑猩猩的日常生活”，與原文相符。故選B項。

3.【福建省福州高級中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月試題】

AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren'sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseofmedicalhypnosis（催眠）can

reducepainandanxietyinpatients.Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedto

performmedical-imagingimaging（醫(yī)學(xué)影像）procedures.

“Duringtheexaminationchildrendon'tmove.Itworksperfectly.Ifsamazing,9,saidJohanneUEcuyer,a

medical-imagingtechnologistatthehospital.

TheprojectwasinspiredbyaFrenchteamfromRouenUniversityHospitalCentrewhereexaminationsare

doneunderhypnosisinsteadofgeneralanesthesia（麻醉）.

AFrenchmedical-imagingtechnologist-alsoahypnotist-wasinvitedtotrainafewmembersinthe

medical-imagingdepartmentofthechildren'shospital.Inall,80examinationswereconductedfortheproject

betweenJanuaryandSeptember,2019,focusingontheimagingproceduresthatwouldcauseanxiety.

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Aneasywaytocommunicatewithpatients.

B.Thestandardmethodofconductinghypnosis.

C.Anintroductionofmedical-imagingtechnology.

D.Theuseofhypnosisinmedical-imagingprocedures.

【答案】D

【解析1主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren'sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseof

medicalhypnosis（催眠）canreducepainandanxietyinpatients.Theprojectalsoresultedinareductioninthe

amountofmedicinesusedtoperformmedical-imagingimaging（醫(yī)學(xué)影像）procedures.（蒙特利爾兒童醫(yī)院的一

個試驗項目表明催眠技術(shù)的使用可以減輕病人的痛苦和焦慮。一位法國醫(yī)學(xué)影像技術(shù)專家——也是一位催

眠師被邀請到兒童醫(yī)院的醫(yī)學(xué)影像部門培訓(xùn)幾位員工。）”可知，全文主要講述催眠技術(shù)在醫(yī)學(xué)影像程序中的

應(yīng)用。故選D。

4.12023年全國高三專練】

Inpreviousrecessions（經(jīng)濟衰退），billionaireswerehitalongwiththerestofus;ittookalmostthreeyearsfor

Forbes's400richestpeopletorecoverfromlossescausedin2008?sGreatRecession.Butinthecoronavirus

recessionof2020,mostbillionaireshavegottenricherthaneverbefore.

BillionairesincreasedtheirnewbillionsjustasmillionsofotherAmericansranintoterriblefinancialproblems.

Morethan20millionpeoplelosttheirjobsatthestartofthepandemic.Foodbanksacrossthecountryare

preparingforanothergreatincreaseindemand.WhyareAmericanbillionairesdoingsowellwhilesomanyother

Americanssuffer?Peoplemayfindpartofthereasonsfromthefollowingfact.Stocks（股票）areoverwhelmingly

ownedbythewealthy,andthestockmarkethasrecoveredfromitsearly-pandemicdepthsmuchmorequicklythan

otherpartsoftheeconomy.

Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusinthepassage?

A.FoodbanksarenotenoughintheUnitedStates.

B.Therichestkeptgettingrichereveninthepandemic.

C.Thestockmarketrecoveredbeforethepandemicstarted.

D.400richestpeoplerecoveredfromlossesinthepandemic.

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句"Butinthecoronavirusrecessionof2020,mostbillionaireshave

gottenricherthaneverbefore."（但在2020年的冠狀病毒衰退中，大多數(shù)億萬富翁比以往任何時候都更富有。）

可知，文章主要是講最富有的人在疫情中也變得越來越富有。故選B。

【命題點03段落大意題】

1.【廣東省珠海市第三中學(xué)2023年高三試題】

Inmytwenties,whenIwasalmostconstantlyinastateofanxiety,Ineverwentonholiday.Iwasscaredof

flying,scaredofmybossnoticinghowmuchnicerlifewaswithoutmeintheoffice.1thoughtnotgoingonholiday

mademeaharderworker,whenactuallyitjustmademeamoretiredone.Then,abosspulledmeasidetotellme

thathewasn'tgoingtothankmefornottakingmyholidays.Ithenbookedacheapbeachholidaywithafriend,and

wasgenuinelyamazedtofindIfeltmuchbetterforit.

Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Thebenefittheauthorobtainedfromtravelling.

B.Thesourceoftheauthor'sstressduringofficehours.

C.Thechangeoftheauthor'sattitudetotakingholidays.

D.Thereasonwhytheauthortriedtobeaharderworker.

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容“Inmytwenties,whenIwasalmostconstantlyinastateofanxiety,I

neverwentonholiday.Iwasscaredofflying,scaredofmybossnoticinghowmuchnicerlifewaswithoutmein

theoffice.Ithoughtnotgoingonholidaymademeaharderworker,whenactuallyitjustmademeamoretiredone.

Then,abosspulledmeasidetotellmethathewasn'tgoingtothankmefornottakingmyholidays.Ithenbooked

acheapbeachholidaywithafriend,andwasgenuinelyamazedtofindIfeltmuchbetterforit.（在我20多歲的時

候，當(dāng)時我?guī)缀蹩偸翘幱诮箲]的狀態(tài)，我從來沒有去度假。我害怕坐飛機，害怕老板注意到我不在辦公室

生活會好得多。我原以為不去度假會讓我更努力工作，但實際上不度假只會讓我更累。然后，一位老板把

我拉到一邊，告訴我他不會因為我不休假而感謝我。然后我和一個朋友訂了一個便宜的海灘度假，我真的

很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)我感覺好多了。）”可知，第四段主要講述了作者對于度假的態(tài)度的改變。故選C。

2.【重慶市第八中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高考適應(yīng)性試題】

TheYurokpeoplehavelivedalongtheKlamathRiver,whichflowsfromtheCascadesinOregonsouthwest

throughNorthernCalifornia,forthousandsofyears,protectingtheregionandriverfromwhichthey-andothers

一drawsustenance（生計）.

Butasdevelopmentandpollutioncontinuetoreducethenumberoffishintheriverandthequantityand

qualityofitswaters,theYurokTribeislegalizing（合法化）thetribe?slongstandingcarebygrantingtheRightsof

PersonhoodtotheKlamath,thefirstriverinNorthAmericatohavesuchrightsdeclared.

Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Theprocessoflegalization.B.ThetraditionofYuroktribe.

C.Thereasonbehindthelegalization.D.TheimportanceoftheKlamathRiver.

【答案】c

（解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Butasdevelopmentandpollutioncontinuetoreducethenumberoffishinthe

riverandthequantityandqualityofitswaters,theYurokTribeislegalizing（合法化）thetribe'slongstandingcare

bygrantingtheRightsofPersonhoodtotheKlamath,thefirstriverinNorthAmericatohavesuchrights

declared」但是，隨著開發(fā)和污染不斷減少河中魚類的數(shù)量，以及河水的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量，尤洛克部落通過授予

克拉馬斯河人格權(quán)利，將部落長期以來的照顧合法化，這是北美第一條宣布擁有這種權(quán)利的河流）”可知，隨

著開發(fā)和污染的持續(xù)，尤洛克部落將部落長期以來的照顧合法化，由此可知，本段主要講述了這一舉措的

背景。故選C項。

3.1江蘇省決勝新高考2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月大聯(lián)考】

Theterm“beergoggles“issaidtohavebeencoinedbymaleNorthAmericanuniversitystudentsinthe1980s.

Yetdespiteunconfirmedevidenceforthephenomenon,thelinkbetweenalcoholintoxication（醉酒）andphysical

attractionhasnotbeensystematicallystudied.

ProfBowdringoftheUniversityofPittsburghinvited18pairsofmalefriendsintothelaboratorytoratethe

attractivenessofmenandwomentheyviewedinphotosandvideos.Ononeoccasion,bothmenweregivenenough

cranberryjuicetoraisetheirbloodalcoholconcentrationtoabout0.08%-thelegallimitfordrivinginEngland一

andontheotheroccasion,theybothreceivedanon-alcoholicdrink.Afterprovidingattractivenessratingsforthe

photos,theywereaskedtoselectwhichoftheseindividualstheywouldmostliketointeractwithinafuture

experiment.

Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thecomparisonoftwoexperiments.

B.TheprocessofBowdring'sexperiment.

C.Theunderlyinglogicofbeergoggleseffect.

D.Themethodsofappreciatingattractiveness.

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的"ProfBowdringoftheUniversityofPittsburghinvited18pairsofmale

friendsintothelaboratorytoratetheattractivenessofmenandwomentheyviewedinphotosandvideos.（匹茲堡

大學(xué)的鮑德林教授邀請了18對男性朋友進入實驗室，讓他們對照片和視頻中男性和女性的吸引力進行打

分。）”可知，ProfBowdring讓研究對象進入實驗室開始進行研究，結(jié)合下文中介紹別讓這些研究對象一部

分喝含有酒精的飲料和另一部分喝不含酒精的飲料，以及“Afterprovidingattractivenessratingsforthephotos,

theywereaskedtoselectwhichoftheseindividualstheywouldmostliketointeractwithinafutureexperiment.（在

提供了照片的吸引力評級后，他們被要求在這些人中選擇他們在未來的實驗中最愿意與之互動的人。）”可知,

給他們提供照片的吸引力評級后，讓他們選擇在未來實驗中最愿意與之互動的人，綜合以上信息可知，第

二段講述的是研究的過程。故選B項。

JL微專題.主旨大意題易錯陷阱JL

L【2023屆浙江省四校（杭州二中、溫州中學(xué)、紹興一中、金華一中）高三5月聯(lián)考】

Intheanimalkingdom,mimics（模仿）arenotrare.Stickinsectspretendtobetwigs.Hawkmothcaterpillars

resemblepoisonoussnakes.Theexamples,though,arevisual.Auditorymimicryisrarer.DaniloRussoofthe

UniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovelcaseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Some

bats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.

Dr.Russofirstnoticedbatbuzzingafewyearsago.Thenoisestruckhimassimilartothesoundofsomebees.

Hewonderedwhetherbatbuzzingwasaformofmimicrywhichhelpedtoscareoffwould-bepredators.

Totestthisidea,heandhiscolleaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatcapturedbatsmade.Then,with

protectiveclothing,theybeganthemoredangeroustaskofrecordingthebuzzingmadebydifferentbees.Computer

analysisrevealedthatbees5andbats'buzzingwere,indeed,similar.

Thentheresearchersrecruitedseveralowls.Theyputtheowls,oneatatime,inanenclosurewithbranchesfor

themtostayon,andtwoboxeswithholesinthem.Theyplacedaloudspeakeralongsideoneoftheboxesand,after

thebirdshadsettledin,broadcastthroughitfivesecondsofuninterruptedbatbuzzingandasimilaramountof

insectbuzzingthreetimesinarowforeachnoise.Asacontrol,theybroadcastinlikemannerseveralnon-buzzing

soundsmadebybats.

Duringthebroadcastsandforfiveminutesthereafter,theyvideoedtheowls.Afteranalysis,theresultswere

unequivocal.Whentheyheardboththebatbuzzingandthebeebuzzing,theowlsmovedasfarfromthespeakers

astheycould.Incontrast,whenthenon-buzzingbatsoundswereplayed,theycreptcloser.

Dr.Russobelievesthisisthefirstreportedcaseofamammalusingauditorymimicrytoscareawayapredator.

Theystronglysuspect,however,thatitisnotunique.Anecdotessuggestseveralbirdsalsomakebuzzingnoises

whentheirnestsaredisturbed.Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditorymimicryis

farmorewidespreadthancurrentlyrealized.

35.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ANewTricktoScareAwayOwlsB.AnimalMimicry:Buzzoff

C.ASelf-protectionBehavioramongAnimalsD.Bats:NoMoreVictimtoOwls

【答案】35.B

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了DaniloRusso認(rèn)為蝙蝠模仿憤怒的蜜蜂的聲音來嚇走敵人,

為了驗證這一想法，他進行了一系列實驗。

35.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"DaniloRussooftheUniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovel

caseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowls

thatmightotherwiseeatthem.（那不勒斯費德里科二世大學(xué)的DaniloRusso認(rèn)為他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個新的例子，他在

《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》中描述了這一點。他認(rèn)為，有些蝙蝠模仿憤怒的蜜蜂是為了嚇跑可能會吃掉它們的貓頭鷹）”

結(jié)合文章主要說明了DaniloRusso認(rèn)為蝙蝠模仿憤怒的蜜蜂的聲音來嚇走敵人，為了驗證這一想法，他進行

了一系列實驗。可知，B選項“動物模仿：讓捕食者走開”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。

2.[2023屆福建省福州市普通高中畢業(yè)班5月質(zhì)量檢測】

Feelingahugfromeachotherviatheinternetmaybeapossibilityinthenearfuture.Aresearchteamledby

CityUniversityofHongKongrecentlydevelopedawireless,softe-skinthatcanbothdetectanddeliverthesense

oftouch,andformatouchnetworkallowingone-to-multiuserinteraction.Itoffersgreatpotentialforimprovingthe

distancetouchcommunication.

Whiletherearenumerousdevicesinthemarkettosimulate（模擬）thesenseoftouchinthevirtualworld,they

provideonlytouchsensingortouchresponse.Theuniquenessofthenovele-skinisthatitcanperformself-sensing

andtouchreproducingfunctionsonthesameinterface.

Thee-skinisa7cmxl0cm,4.2mm-thickdevicecontaining16flexibleactuators（馬區(qū)動器）,amicrocontroller

unit,aBluetoothmodule,andotherelectronicsonaflexiblecircuitboard.Theactuatorservesasthecorepartof

thee-skin.Oncetheactuatorispressedandreleasedbyaforce,acurrentisproducedtoprovideelectricalsignals

thatareturnedintodigitalsignalsbyaconverter（轉(zhuǎn)換器）andthensenttoanothere-skinviaBluetooth.Whenthe

signalsarereceived,acurrentiscausedtoreproducethetouchresponseonthereceiver'se-skinthrough

mechanicalvibration（振動）.Theprocesscanbereversedtodelivervibrationsfromthereceiver'