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考點(diǎn)03被動語態(tài)梳理+高考重點(diǎn)詞匯積累+長難句分析

核心考點(diǎn)梳理、

一、高考重點(diǎn)詞匯積累

核心單詞

1.approximatelyadv.近似地,大約

2.argumentn.爭論,辯論

3.arrivaln.到來,到達(dá)

4.associationn.社團(tuán);聯(lián)盟;交往;聯(lián)合

5.assumptionn.假定,假設(shè)

6.availablcadj.可獲得的;有空的

7.astronautn.宇航員

8.athleten.運(yùn)動員

9.attach\>t.縛,系,貼:使依戀;使依附(與1。連用)

10.atteniptvt.試圖,嘗試

11.awesomeadj.引起敬畏的;可怕的

12.awkwardadj.令人尷尬,使人難堪的

13.barriern.屏障,障礙;關(guān)卡

14.betrayvt.背叛,辜負(fù)

15.bonusn.津貼,獎金,紅利

16.botanicaladj.植物學(xué)的

17.boundaryn.分界線:邊界

18.brilliantadj.巧妙的,使人印象深刻的,技藝高的

I9.bakeryn.面包店

20..budgetn.預(yù)算

21.tH-eakthroughn.重大進(jìn)展,突破

22.brotherhoodn.兄弟般的關(guān)系

23.bunchn.串;束;扎

24.bargainn.[C]交易,協(xié)議;廉價貨

17.討價還價:達(dá)成協(xié)議

25.bandn.品牌

▼'重點(diǎn)短語

atthemercyof...任……擺布

atthecostof...以……為代價

attheexpenseof...在損失……的情況下

attheriskof...冒……的危險(xiǎn)

2.appealto吸引,投合某人的心意;呼吁

applyto適用于;申請……

belongto屬于

contributeto導(dǎo)致;有助于

have/gainaccessto...可以獲得(或接近)……

beaDsentfrom缺席

in/duringone'sabsence某人不在時

intheabsenceofsth缺乏某物

beaosorbedin全神貫注于,專心于

buryoneselfin/bcburiedin專心「

belostin陷入

becontentwith

besatisfiedwith對……滿意

behappywith

bepapularwith受……歡迎

bein/outofharmonywith與...(不)協(xié)調(diào)一致

二、高考閱讀理解長難句分析

[iTjToreallydevelopempathy,you'dbettervolunteeralanursinghomeorahospital,joinacluborateamthat

hasadiversemembership,havea^sharingcircle^withyourfamily,orspendtimecaringforpetsatananimal

shelter.

【句式翻譯】要真正開發(fā)同理心,你最好在養(yǎng)老院或醫(yī)院做志愿者,加入一個有多樣化的會員的俱樂部或

團(tuán)隊(duì),與你的家人有?個“共享圈”,或者在動物收容所照顧寵物。

【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句,that引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞acluboraleam,volunteer,join,

have和spend是并列的謂語動詞,Toreallydevelop…在句中作目的狀語。

【詞語點(diǎn)撥】volunieer艮志愿"志愿者

Somegraduatesvolunteertoworkinthecountryside.一些大學(xué)生|f|愿到農(nóng)村去。

Shenowhelpsinalocalschoolasavolunteerthreedaysaweek.目前她在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患覍W(xué)校做志愿工作,一周

去3天。

【語法點(diǎn)撥】不定式todo可以作目的狀語(其否定形式:nottodo),相當(dāng)于inordertodo和soastodo(so

asiodo只能放在句中,不能位于句首)。如:

Oneshouldgetenoughexercisetokeephealthy.為了維持身體健康,?個人要有足夠的鍛煉。

畫Proudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,onlytofindmyclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheir

facesandtearsintheireyes.

【句式翻譯】自豪地閱讀我寫的內(nèi)容時,我環(huán)顧整個房間,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我【勺同學(xué)笑得眼淚都要流出來了。

【句式分析】本句是簡單句,包含有三個非謂語短語,readingmywords和onlytofind...分別作時間狀語

和結(jié)果狀語,bearing…作賓補(bǔ)。

【詞語點(diǎn)撥】glanceW瞥;瀏覽:后面常跟at,through,over等介詞

Ipickedupthephonebookandglancedthroughit.我拿起電話簿,匆匆掃了一遍。

HeglancedathiswalchandIcfltherocm.他匆匆看了一下手■表,離開了房間。

【語法點(diǎn)撥】動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語時,通常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,常被just或only修飾,置于句末,用

逗號和句子分開。如:

Iwaittotheclassroom,onlytofindnobody【here.我去了教室,卻沒有見到一個人。

Herushedtothedoor,onlytodiscoverthatitwaslockedandbarred.他沖到門邊,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)門已被鎖死了。

回At12yearsoldshewonaGuinnessRecordwhenshebecametheyoungestfemale2winihcwomen'sworld

tilleforplatformdivingattheWorldChampionshipsinAustraliain1991.

【句式翻譯】1991年,12歲的伏明霞就獲得了一項(xiàng)吉尼斯紀(jì)錄,當(dāng)時她參加了在澳大利亞舉行的跳臺跳

水世界錦標(biāo)賽,成為最年輕的女子世界冠軍。

【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句,when在句中弓I導(dǎo)狀語從句,towinthewomen'sworldtitle…作定語,修飾the

youngestfemale0

【詞語點(diǎn)撥】championship〃.冠軍稱號;錦標(biāo)賽

Weareproudforyoutowinthechampionship.我們?yōu)槟阙A得冠軍而驕傲。

Allthegoldmedalsforthechampionshipfelltoiheteam.本屆錦標(biāo)賽的圻有金牌都被這個隊(duì)奪得。

Togetridofalcoholfromthebodyisaveryslowprocessanditisnotpossibletospeeditupwithany

measuresliketakingashowerorhavingacupofteaorcoffee.

【句式翻譯】把酒精從體內(nèi)消除是個緩慢的過程,也不可能通過任何拮施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡來加速其

消除的過程。

【句式分析】由并列連詞and連接的復(fù)合句,Togelridofalcohol和tospeeditup在句中都作主語。

【詞語點(diǎn)撥】l)getridof擺脫;除去

Howtogetridofairpollutionisstillabigproblem.如何清除空氣污染仍然是個大問題。

2)measuren.尺寸:措施:手段vt.&vi.測量:有...長(寬、高等)

Aclockmeasurestime.鐘是用來計(jì)量時間的。

Ihisroommeasurestenmetresacross.這個房間寬十米。

Mr.Smithaskedthetailortomakesomenewclothestohisownmeasure.

史密斯先生要求裁縫照他的尺寸做新衣服。

Wemusttakemeasurestopreventthewaterfrombeingpolluted.

我們必須采取措施防止水被污染。

|1-51Havingidentifiedrhetargetgrcui).researchersfindoutasmuchaspossibleaboutthosein(hetargetgroup,

suchastheirlikesanddislikes,andhowtheproductwouldfitintotheirlives.

【句式翻譯】明確了廣告的目標(biāo)群體后,研究人員就會盡量獲取這個群體的有關(guān)信息,例如他們的好惡,

以及如何使產(chǎn)品適應(yīng)他們的生活。

【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句,how在句中引導(dǎo)定語從句,Havingidentifiedthetargetgroup是現(xiàn)在分詞的完

成形式作狀語。

【詞語點(diǎn)撥】identifyvt.識別,認(rèn)出

Couldyouidentifyyourbikeamongahundredolher?你能從100自行車中認(rèn)出你的那一輛嗎?

Thebadweatherisidentifiedasthepossiblecauseoftheaccident.壞天氣被認(rèn)為可能導(dǎo)致了這個事故。

【語法點(diǎn)撥】havingdone可以作狀語,此時,它代表的動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動作之前,它的邏輯主語兩句

子的主語一致。如:

Nothavingtriedhisbest,hefailedintheexam.由于沒有盡最大努力,他這次考試沒能通過。

Havingknownthesituationwell,theycoulddealwiththeproblemefficiently.

由于對形勢的深刻了解,他們有效地處理了問題。

三、被動語態(tài)知識梳理

Grammar:ThePassiveVoice

(I)動詞的被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的表示:

一般式進(jìn)行式完成式

現(xiàn)在aredonearebeingdonehavebeendone

過去weredonewerebeingdonehidbeendone

將來willbedonewillhavebeendone

過去將來wouldbedonewouldhavebeendone

著重分析紅色部分

(2)一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)的表示:

①帶復(fù)合賓語的句子

將帶更合賓語的句子轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)時,一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語轉(zhuǎn)換成主語,保留賓語補(bǔ)足語。如:

?Wcalwayskeeptheclassroomclean.我們總是保持教室干凈。

—*Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.

②帶雙賓語的句子

將帶雙賓語的句子轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)時,通常有兩種轉(zhuǎn)換方式。一和是將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)換成主語,保留宜

接賓語。第一種是把直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)換成主語,保留間接賓語。此時,常需要在間接賓語前面加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。

如:

?Wcgavehimawarmwelcome.我們熱烈地歡迎他。

—*Hewasgivenawarmwelcome.

?Theyboughtherasilkhandkerchiefasabirthdaypresent.

他們給她買了一條真絲手帕作為生日禮物。

—Asilkhandkerchiefwasboughtforherasabirthdaypresent.

【注意】

如果直接賓語是賓語從句或動詞不定式,則必須把間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)換成主語。如:

?Theytoldhimthathehadwonthefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition.

他們告訴他,他在歌詠比賽中得了一等獎。

—Hewastoldthathehadwonthefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition.

.Hetaughtherhowtorideahorse?他教她如何騎馬。

一Shewastaughthowtorideahorse.

(3)動詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動的意義:(重點(diǎn))

①wash、writexsell、cul、clean、read、look、iron、wear、feel、draw、drive等詞的主動形式表示被

動意義。

?Thisbooksellsverywell.這本書賣得很好。

?Theshirtwasheseasily.這件襯衫洗起來很容易。

?Themeatcutseasily.這塊肉很容易切。

②need、want、require、deserve等詞后面用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。

?Thechildrenneedlookingafter.孩子們需要照顧。

?Thewindowrequirescleaning.窗戶需要清潔了。

【拓展】某些動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。

(1)某些不及物動詞,如:happen(發(fā)生)、appear(出現(xiàn))、disappear(消失)、bclong(io)(屬于)、rise(上升)等一

(2)表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞,如:cost(值)、fit(合適)、lack(缺少)、hold(容納)等。

(3)連系動詞,如:taste(嘗起來)、smell(聞起來)、turn(變得)等。

(4)表示度量的動詞,如:measure(有...長/寬)、weigh(重)等。

(4)帶賓語從句的句子改為被動語態(tài)的兩個句型。

(1)賓語從句的主語+be+主句謂語的過去分詞+不定式

(2)It+be+主句謂語的過去分詞“hai原賓語從句

e.g.Peoplesaysheknowsfivelanguages.

Sheissaidtoknowfivelanguages.

Itissaidthatsheknowsfivelanguages.

WcbelievethebookhastranslatedintoEnglish.

ThebookisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish.

ItisbelievedthatthebookhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish.

英語中常見的表達(dá)形式:

據(jù)說...Itissaidthat...

希望...Itishopedthat...

據(jù)推測說...Itissupposedthat...

必須指出...Itmustbepointedoutthat...

眾所周知...Itiswellknown/that...

有人相信...Itisbelievedthat...

當(dāng)堂知識檢測、

一、單項(xiàng)選擇

1.Ifintoawarmroom,ap沁ceoficewillturnintowatersoon.

A.takeB.tookC.takenD.tobetaken

2.Hardly_whentheweddingceremonytobegin.

A.hadthelimousinearrived...announced

B.did(helimousinearrive...announced

C.hadthelimousinearrived...wasannounced

D.arrivedthelimousine...wasannounced

3.Currently,almost50percentofjobs,includingjounialism.withtechnologythatcanoperate

automatically.

A.hasbeenreplacingB.isbeingreplaced

C.havebeenreplacingD.arebeingreplaced

4.ThebossrequestedallapplicationsbyMonday.

A.submitB.besubmittedC.submittingD.tobesubmitting

5.一Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?

—Ihavenoidea.Iwasonthephonewhentheweatherreport.

A.isbroadcastB.hadbroadcast

C.hasbeenbroadcastD.wasbeingbroadcast

6.Thebabyneeds.

A.lookedafterB.tobelookedafterC.kx)kingafterD.BothBandC

7.Theboardconsiderediturgent(hattheseinvitations.tothemailfirstthingtomorrowmorning.

A.beattachedB.mustbeattached

C.?ihouldhavebeenattachedD.wouldbeattached

8.Morethanonepersonintheaccident.

A.areinjuredB.hasbeeninjuredC.wasinjuredD.injured

9.Turkishofficialsaresayingthatthenumberofpeoplewhobytheearthquakesthattookplacein

southeasternTurkeyatleast20million.

A.hadbeenaffected;reachesB.hasaffected;reach

C.wasaffected;reachD.havebeenaffected;reaches

10.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedifpeopletocatmorevegetablesandless

redmeat.

A.persuadeB.willpersuadeC.bepersuadedD.arepersuaded

11.Thecommitteeisrepresentativesfrombothihcpublicandprivatesectors.

A.consistingofB.consistedofC.comprisedofD.comprisingof

12.Largeamountsofdatainthepasttenyears.

A.havebeencollectedB.werecollectedC.wascollectedD.hasbeencollected

13.PeterwastheonlyoneofthestudentswhobytheEnglishteacher.

A.praisedB.waspraisedC.werepraisedD.praises

14.ManybooksonsciencesinceIwenttocollege.

A.havebeenboughtB.wereboughtC.willbeboughtD.arebought

15.Anewbuildinginourschoolnextyear.

A.isbuikB.isbeingbullC.hasbeenbuiltD.willbebuilt

16.Jackoftendoesthingsfoolishly,sohesometimesbyothers.

A.is;laughedB.is;laughedatC.was;laughedD.has;beenlaughedat

17.Thehouse,whichlastnight.myauntbutshedoesn'tlivethereanymore.Sbbrokeinto

thehouse

A.wasbrokeninto;isbelongedtoB.brokeinto;isbelongedto

C.brokeinto;belongingtoD.wasbrokeninto:belongsto

18.fortheaccident.

A.blamedB.blamingC.blameD.toblame

19.Themuseumwhichwillbeopentovisitorssoon.Theworkisalmostcompleted.

A.hasrestoredB.hasbeenrestored

C.isrestoringD.isbeingrestored

20.Ourdinnerbythetimemyunclejoinedus.

A.finishedB.wasfinished

C.hadfinishedD.hadbeenfinished

21.Aseveryoneknows,oralexamstotestourcommunicativeability.

A.arebeingdesignedB.designedC.aredesignedD.tobedesigned

22.IwanttobuythiskindofclothbecauseIthatitwell.

A.havebeentold;iswashedB.was(old;washed

C.wastold;waswashedD.havebeentold:washes

23.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,tohelpwiththiswork.

A.wassentB.sentC.weresentD.havesent

24.Itwasannouncedthatachargeforplasticbagsnextyear.

A.willbeintroducedB.wouldbeintroduced

C.willintroduceD.wouldintroduce

25.Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe.

A.wasfollowingB.hadbeenfollowedC.followedD.wasbeingfollowed

26.Sofar,asmanyas47peoplewiththevirus.

A.haveinfectedB.hadinfected

C.havebeeninfectedD.hadbeeninfected

27.Titanic.thepassengersaboardtodespair.

A.wassunk;abandonedB.sunk;abandoned

C.sinking;wereabandonedD.hadsunk;wereabandoned

28.Thecurrentmedicalsystemneeds.

A.reformingB.toreformC.tobereformedD.bothAandC

29.preservethebuildings,onlyafewpeopleeachday.

A.Help;admitB.Tohelp;admit

C.Helping;areadmittedD.Tohelp;areadmitted

30.Nomatteriiowadvancedmodemequipmentis,lettersinexpressingpeople'sfeelings.

A.willneverreplaceB.willneverbereplaced

C.neverreplaceD.haveneverbeenreplaced

二、漢譯英(整句)

31.他在昨天的游泳比賽中獲得第一名,這一點(diǎn)不奇怪,因?yàn)檫@四個月他一直在努力訓(xùn)練。(漢譯英)

32.盡管她是?位著名的小說家,但是并非她的所有小說都受讀者歡迎。(漢譯英)

33.由于海倫理解了語言的關(guān)鍵,她非常渴望學(xué)習(xí)更多語言并盡可能多地運(yùn)用它。(漢譯英)

34.晚餐由幾種不同的中國菜組成。:漢譯英)

35.當(dāng)一本最喜歡的15被拍成電影時,抱有很高的期望是很正常的。(漢譯英)

36.這個問題需要立即處理。(require)(漢譯英)

37.這些殘疾人渴望為社區(qū)貢獻(xiàn)自己的一份力量。(conlribuiion)(漢譯英)

38.一旦你的基本需求得到滿足,金錢和物質(zhì)就不再那么必需了。(necessity)(漢譯英)

39.舊公交車是造成城市污染的主要原因之一。(contributor)(漢譯英)

40.Mary感到很累,因?yàn)樗龔脑缟习它c(diǎn)就一直在鍛煉身體。(since)(漢澤英)

41.到他高中畢業(yè)時,他已經(jīng)學(xué)會了五種語言。(Bythetime)(漢譯英)

42.自從采用了這種新的方法,產(chǎn)量幾乎翻了一番。(adopt)(漢譯英)

43.直到20世紀(jì)50年代,快餐才變得非常成功。(It)(漢譯英)

44.睡眠不足的學(xué)生在課堂上往往難以集中注意力。(suffer)(漢譯英)

45.這是海倫第一次理解這么更雜的單詞——一個代表她觸碰不到的東西的單詞。(漢譯英)

課后鞏固提高

------------------>

三、閱讀理解

Forparentswhosechildrenarestrugglingwithreading,thereisgoodnews.Anewstudyhasfoundthata

child'sreadingspeedcanbeimprovedbysimplyincreasingthespacebetweenletterswithinapieceoftext.

Thestudy,ledbyDrStevenStaggofAngliaRuskinUniversity(ARU),examined(heeffectsofletterspacing

andcolouredoverlaysonagroupofdyslexic(誦讀困難的)andnon-dyslexicchildren.

Thestudyinvolved59childrenagedbetween11and15,32ofwhomhaddyslexia,with27non-dyslexic

childrenformingacontrolgroup.Participantsreadfourtextswitheitherstandardorextra-largeIcncr-spacing,

bothwithandwithoutacoloredoverlay.Theywereinstructedtoreadthesetextsoutloudwhilebeingrecorded.

TherecordingswereusedtomeasureIhenumberoferrorstheymade—specificallymissedwords,addedwords,

wrongwords,andpronunciation—aswellastheparticipantreadingtime.Itturnedoutthattextwithincreased

spacebetweenlettersishelpfultobothgroupsofchildren.Onaverage,thedyslexiagroupshoweda13%increase

inreadingspeed,whilethecomparisongroupofnon-dyslexicchildrenshoweda5%increase.

Inaddition,thelargerletter-spacingalsoresukedinasignificantreductioninthenumberofwordsbe.ng

missedbythechildrenwithdyslexia.DrStaggsaid,“Webelievethatextra-largeletter-spacingreduceswhatis

knownasthe'crowdingeffect',whichcanpreventtherecognitionoflettersandreducereadingspeed/'

Whenviewedinthecontextofpreviousresearch,(hefindingsstronglysuggest(hatteachingprofessionals

shouldbeconfidentthatallchildrenwillbehelpedbyincreasedletter-spacinginreadingmaterials.It'sa

relativelysimplechangeforteacherstomakewhentheyproduceexercises,andchildrenwithdyslexiawon,tfeel

singledoutby(heintroductionofspeciallyadaptedreadingmaterials,ashischangeissomethingthateveryone

canbenefitfrom.

Asforcoloredoverlays,theresearchersfoundthattheyhadnosignificantinfluenceonreadingspeedorthe

reductionoferrorsforeithergroup.However,theresearchersthoughtthatchildrenshouldbeencouragedtouse

overlaysastheycanextendreadingstamina(而j力).

46.Whatdocsthenewstudyfocuson?

A.Thechangesinchildren'sreadinghabits.B.Thepossiblecausesofchildren'sdyslexia.

C.Waystomakechildreninterestedinreading.D.Factorshelpingimprovechildren'sreadingability.

47.Whatdidtheresearchersdoduringthestudy?

A.Theydivided(hechildrenintofourgroups.

B.Theystrictlycontrolledchildren'sreadingtime.

C.Theystudiedtherecordingsofchildren'sreading.

D.Theycorrectedchildren'smistakeswhilereading.

48.Howarechildrenaftectedbythe“crowdingeffecf'?

A.Theyarcforcedtocatchupwithothers.

B.Tiieymaymakemoremistakeswhenreading.

C.Theymayreadmaterialsmuchfasterthanusual.

D.Theyhavedifficultycountingthenumberofwords.

49.Whatdoesthelastbutoneparagraphmainlywanttotellus?

A.Theinfluenceofpreviousresearch.B.Theadviceonproducingexercises.

C.TheneedioadaptreadingmaterialsD.Theimportantroleofteachingprofessionals.

Formanyyear,BruceBexlerdreamedofgoingwherenohumanhadgonebefore.Hewantedtocutapath

throughunexploredlandsanddiscoverrarespecies.Thatmightsoundlikeznimpossibledream,butBexlertunied

itinotareality.

InDecember2015,heandateamofAustralianandAmericanscientistsexploredintoaremotetropicalrain

forestontheislandofNewGuinea.Theywerethefirstpeopleevertoenterthemist-coveredregion.**Astimewas

limited,weweredroppedinbyhelicopter.Oncewewereontheground,therewerenotrails(蹤跡)anywhere;it

wasreallyhardtogetaround/'Bexlersays.

Withinminutesoflanding,theteamspottedablackchicken-likebirdwithstrangeorangeskinhangingfrom

itsneck.Thescientistssoondeterminedthattheunusualcreaturewasatypeofhoneyeater—thefirstnewbird

speciestobesightedonNewGuineain60years.

Thehoneyeaterwasn'ttheonlysurpriseforthescientists.Theydiscoveredmorethan40previously

unknownplantandanimalspecies—13birdsofparadise,20frogs,4butterflies,and5palms."Wewerelikekids

inacandystore/'Bexlerrecalls."Everywherewelooked,wesawamazingthingswehadneverseenbefbre.^^

Thenewfoundspeciesdidn'tshyawayfromthescientists.Twolong-nosedechidnas-primitiveegg-laying

mammals—letthevisitorspickthemupandtakethembacktocamptcstudythem.Anechidnalookslikea

hedgehogandisalsocalledaspinyanteater.

Bexlerthinkstheanimalsweren'tscaredbecausetheyhadneverseenhumansbefore.11Inalmostallpartsof

NewGuinea,animalsarehuntedforfood,andbecauseofthis,theyareverycautiousofpeople/'heexplains.

“Thisareagivesscientistsaplacewheretheycangotostudythebehavioursofanimalsthathavenotyetlearned

tobeafraidofpeople?'

ScientistsbelievetheareaisprobablythelargestuntouchedforestinAsia.LocalpeoplecalledKwerbahunt

andcollectplantsfromouter-edgesoftheforestbuttoldBexlerthatnoteventheirancestorshadgonesofarinto

thewoods.Thewoodedareaisapproximatelya10-daywalkfromthenearestvillage.

Bexlerandhisteamdidnothaveenoughtimeduringtheexpeditiontostudytheareacompletely.Theyhope

toreturnandexpecttorecordmanymoreundiscoveredspecies."Wejustscratchedthesurface,vBexlersays.

“Anyonewhogoestherewillcomebackwithamystery?'

50.WhichwordbestdescribesBruceBexler?

A.Adventurous.B.Cautious.C.Optimistic.D.Gentle.

51.WhatdocsBruceBexlermeaninPara.4whenhesaysthescientists“werelikekidsinacandystore”?

A.Theywereactinglikenaughtychildren.

B.Theywereveryexcitedaboutwhattheysaw.

C.Theydidn'thaveenoughfoodandwerehungry.

D.Theyknewthatiftheykeptsearching,they,dfindsugar.

52.Whydidsomeoftheanimalsallowthescientiststopickthemup?

A.Thescientistsseemedtobeveryfriendly.

B.Thescientistswereskilledinhandlinganimals.

C.Theanimalshadnoexperienceorfearofpeople.

D.Theanimalshadbeenwell-trainedbythelocalpeople.

53.WhatcanweconcludeabouttheareaBruceBeierexplored?

A.Thebestwaytoexploretheareaisbyhelicopter.

B.Theareahasnotbeenvisitedbyscientistsformanyyears.

C.Theareastillcontainsmanyplantsandanimalsunknowntoscience.

D.Thelocalsareunwillingtoallowthescientiststoenterthedeepwoods.

考點(diǎn)03被動語態(tài)梳理+高考重點(diǎn)詞匯積累+長難句分析

核心考點(diǎn)梳理、

一、高考重點(diǎn)詞匯積累

核心單詞

1.approximatelyadv.近似地,大約

2.argumentn.爭論,辯論

3.arrivaln.到來,到達(dá)

4.associationn.社團(tuán);聯(lián)盟;交往;聯(lián)合

5.assumptionn.假定,假設(shè)

6.availablcadj.可獲得的;有空的

7.astronautn.宇航員

8.athleten.運(yùn)動員

9.attach\>t.縛,系,貼:使依戀;使依附(與1。連用)

10.atteniptvt.試圖,嘗試

11.awesomeadj.引起敬畏的;可怕的

12.awkwardadj.令人尷尬,使人難堪的

13.barriern.屏障,障礙;關(guān)卡

14.betrayvt.背叛,辜負(fù)

15.bonusn.津貼,獎金,紅利

16.botanicaladj.植物學(xué)的

17.boundaryn.分界線:邊界

18.brilliantadj.巧妙的,使人印象深刻的,技藝高的

I9.bakeryn.面包店

20..budgetn.預(yù)算

21.tH-eakthroughn.重大進(jìn)展,突破

22.brotherhoodn.兄弟般的關(guān)系

23.bunchn.串;束;扎

24.bargainn.[C]交易,協(xié)議;廉價貨

17.討價還價:達(dá)成協(xié)議

25.bandn.品牌

▼'重點(diǎn)短語

atthemercyof...任……擺布

atthecostof...以……為代價

attheexpenseof...在損失……的情況下

attheriskof...冒……的危險(xiǎn)

2.appealto吸引,投合某人的心意;呼吁

applyto適用于;申請……

belongto屬于

contributeto導(dǎo)致;有助于

have/gainaccessto...可以獲得(或接近)……

beaDsentfrom缺席

in/duringone'sabsence某人不在時

intheabsenceofsth缺乏某物

beaosorbedin全神貫注于,專心于

buryoneselfin/bcburiedin專心「

belostin陷入

becontentwith

besatisfiedwith對……滿意

behappywith

bepapularwith受……歡迎

bein/outofharmonywith與...(不)協(xié)調(diào)一致

二、高考閱讀理解長難句分析

[iTjToreallydevelopempathy,you'dbettervolunteeralanursinghomeorahospital,joinacluborateamthat

hasadiversemembership,havea^sharingcircle^withyourfamily,orspendtimecaringfbrpetsatananimal

shelter.

【句式翻譯】要真正開發(fā)同理心,你最好在養(yǎng)老院或醫(yī)院做志愿者,加入一個有多樣化的會員的俱樂部或

團(tuán)隊(duì),與你的家人有?個“共享圈”,或者在動物收容所照顧寵物。

【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句,that引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞acluboraleam,volunteer,join,

have和spend是并列的謂語動詞,Toreallydevelop…在句中作目的狀語。

【詞語點(diǎn)撥】volunieer艮志愿"志愿者

Somegraduatesvolunteertoworkinthecountryside.一些大學(xué)生|f|愿到農(nóng)村去。

Shenowhelpsinalocalschoolasavolunteerthreedaysaweek.目前她在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患覍W(xué)校做志愿工作,一周

去3天。

【語法點(diǎn)撥】不定式todo可以作目的狀語(其否定形式:nottodo),相當(dāng)于inordertodo和soastodo(so

asiodo只能放在句中,不能位于句首)。如:

Oneshouldgetenoughexercisetokeephealthy.為了維持身體健康,?個人要有足夠的鍛煉。

畫Proudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,onlytofindmyclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheir

facesandtearsintheireyes.

【句式翻譯】自豪地閱讀我寫的內(nèi)容時,我環(huán)顧整個房間,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我【勺同學(xué)笑得眼淚都要流出來了。

【句式分析】本句是簡單句,包含有三個非謂語短語,readingmywords和onlytofind...分別作時間狀語

和結(jié)果狀語,bearing…作賓補(bǔ)。

【詞語點(diǎn)撥】glanceW瞥;瀏覽:后面常跟at,through,over等介詞

Ipickedupthephonebookandglancedthroughit.我拿起電話簿,匆匆掃了一遍。

HeglancedathiswalchandIcfllhcrocm.他匆匆看了一下手■表,離開了房間。

【語法點(diǎn)撥】動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語時,通常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,常被just或only修飾,置于句末,用

逗號和句子分開。如:

Iwaittotheclassroom,onlytofindnobody【here.我去了教室,卻沒有見到一個人。

Herushedtothedoor,onlytodiscoverthatitwaslockedandbarred.他沖到門邊,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)門已被鎖死了。

回At12yearsoldshewonaGuinnessRecordwhenshebecametheyoungestfemale2winihcwomen'sworld

tilleforplatformdivingattheWorldChampionshipsinAustraliain1991.

【句式翻譯】1991年,12歲的伏明霞就獲得了一項(xiàng)吉尼斯紀(jì)錄,當(dāng)時她參加了在澳大利亞舉行的跳臺跳

水世界錦標(biāo)賽,成為最年輕的女子世界冠軍。

【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句,when在句中弓I導(dǎo)狀語從句,towinthewomen'sworldtitle…作定語,修飾the

youngestfemale0

【詞語點(diǎn)撥】championship〃.冠軍稱號;錦標(biāo)賽

Weareproudforyoutowinthechampionship.我們?yōu)槟阙A得冠軍而驕傲。

Allthegoldmedalsforthechampionshipfelltoiheteam.本屆錦標(biāo)賽的圻有金牌都被這個隊(duì)奪得。

Togetridofalcoholfromthebodyisaveryslowprocessanditisnotpossibletospeeditupwithany

measuresliketakingashowerorhavingacupofteaorcoffee.

【句式翻譯】把酒精從體內(nèi)消除是個緩慢的過程,也不可能通過任何拮施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡來加速其

消除的過程。

【句式分析】由并列連詞and連接的復(fù)合句,Togelridofalcohol和tospeeditup在句中都作主語。

【詞語點(diǎn)撥】l)getridof擺脫;除去

Howtogetridofairpollutionisstillabigproblem.如何清除空氣污染仍然是個大問題。

2)measuren.尺寸:措施:手段vt.&vi.測量:有...長(寬、高等)

Aclockmeasurestime.鐘是用來計(jì)量時間的。

Ihisroommeasurestenmetresacross.這個房間寬十米。

Mr.Smithaskedthetailortomakesomenewclothestohisownmeasure.

史密斯先生要求裁縫照他的尺寸做新衣服。

Wemusttakemeasurestopreventthewaterfrombeingpolluted.

我們必須采取措施防止水被污染。

|1-51Havingidentifiedrhetargetgrcui).researchersfindoutasmuchaspossibleaboutthosein(hetargetgroup,

suchastheirlikesanddislikes,andhowtheproductwouldfitintotheirlives.

【句式翻譯】明確了廣告的目標(biāo)群體后,研究人員就會盡量獲取這個群體的有關(guān)信息,例如他們的好惡,

以及如何使產(chǎn)品適應(yīng)他們的生活。

【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句,how在句中引導(dǎo)定語從句,Havingidentifiedthetargetgroup是現(xiàn)在分詞的完

成形式作狀語。

【詞語點(diǎn)撥】identifyvt.識別,認(rèn)出

Couldyouidentifyyourbikeamongahundredolher?你能從100自行車中認(rèn)出你的那一輛嗎?

Thebadweatherisidentifiedasthepossiblecauseoftheaccident.壞天氣被認(rèn)為可能導(dǎo)致了這個事故。

【語法點(diǎn)撥】havingdone可以作狀語,此時,它代表的動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動作之前,它的邏輯主語制句

子的主語一致。如:

Nothavingtriedhisbest,hefailedintheexam.由于沒有盡最大努力,他這次考試沒能通過。

Havingknownthesituationwell,theycoulddealwiththeproblemefficiently.

由于對形勢的深刻了解,他們有效地處理了問題。

三、被動語態(tài)知識梳理

Grammar:ThePassiveVoice

(I)動詞的被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的表示:

一般式進(jìn)行式完成式

現(xiàn)在aredonearebeingdonehavebeendone

過去weredonewerebeingdonehidbeendone

將來willbedonewillhavebeendone

過去將來wouldbedonewouldhavebeendone

著重分析紅色部分

(2)一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)的表示:

①帶復(fù)合賓語的句子

將帶更合賓語的句子轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)時,一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的

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