《BIM建?！氛n件-第一章2.1

砌筑砂漿應(yīng)滿足下列技術(shù)性質(zhì)：Themasonrymortarshallmeetthefollowingtechnicalproperties:《機械員》

“TheMechanic”主講老師介紹：Introductionofthelecturer：本人湯發(fā)明畢業(yè)于東南大學(xué)，現(xiàn)任安徽禹堯工程建設(shè)有限公司總經(jīng)理，很榮幸本章由我?guī)ьI(lǐng)大家一起學(xué)習(xí)和了解“第二章

新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、新規(guī)范”方面的知識。IamTangFaming,graduatedfromSoutheastUniversityandnowservesasthegeneralmanagerofAnhuiYuyaoEngineeringConstructionCo.,Ltd.Itismyhonortoleadyoutolearnandunderstandtheknowledgeof"ChapterIINewStandardsandSpecifications"inthischapter.第二章

Chapter2新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、新規(guī)范Newstandards,newspecifications第一章Chapter1建筑機械管理相關(guān)法律法規(guī)Lawsandregulationsrelatedtoconstructionmachinerymanagement第二節(jié)Section2中華人民共和國特種設(shè)備安全法LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaontheSafetyofSpecialEquipment主要內(nèi)容

Maincontent《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》

JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)（一）《建筑機械使用安全技術(shù)規(guī)程》JGJ33—2012（節(jié)選）TechnicalRegulationsforSafetyintheUseofConstructionMachinery

JGJ33—2012（Excerpt）（二）主要內(nèi)容

MaincontentJGJ是表示建工行業(yè)建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。JGJistheconstructionstandardfortheconstructionindustry;JG是建工，J是建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。JGisconstructionandJistheconstructionstandard.主要內(nèi)容Maincontent（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

030102041、概述1.Overview本規(guī)范由14章組成，主要技術(shù)內(nèi)容是Thisspecificationconsistsof14chapters,themaintechnicalcontentis基本規(guī)定basicprovisions總則general術(shù)語terminology

動力設(shè)備powerequipment（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

07高空作業(yè)設(shè)備aerialworkequipment050608樁工機械pilingmachinery起重機械liftingmachinery1、概述1.Overview本規(guī)范由14章組成，主要技術(shù)內(nèi)容是Thisspecificationconsistsof14chapters,themaintechnicalcontentis土方及筑路機械earthandroadconstructionmachinery（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

11091012混凝土機械concretemachinery1、概述1.Overview本規(guī)范由14章組成，主要技術(shù)內(nèi)容是Thisspecificationconsistsof14chapters,themaintechnicalcontentis木工機械woodworkingmachinery焊接機械weldingmachinery鋼筋加工機械steelprocessingmachinery（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

1314砂漿機械mortarmachinery1、概述1.Overview本規(guī)范由14章組成，主要技術(shù)內(nèi)容是Thisspecificationconsistsof14chapters,themaintechnicalcontentis非開挖機械non-excavationmachinery（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

1、概述1.Overview與《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)程》JGJ160—2008相比，本規(guī)范修訂的主要技術(shù)內(nèi)容是將原標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的框架作了局部調(diào)整新增機械種類有挖掘裝載機、液壓破碎錘、瀝青灑布車、打夯機、灑水車、銑刨機、水泥混凝土滑模攤鋪機、全套管鉆機、旋挖鉆機、深層攪拌機、自行式高空作業(yè)平臺、混凝土振搗器、混凝土布料機（桿）、混凝土真空吸水機、氬弧焊機、數(shù)控鋼筋彎箍機、鋼筋籠自動焊接機、木工圓盤鋸、砂漿攪拌機、砂漿輸送泵、砂漿噴射機組、砂漿抹光機、頂管機等。Comparedwiththe"TechnicalSpecificationforInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites"JGJ160-2008,themaintechnicalcontentofthisspecificationrevisionistomakepartialadjustmentstotheoriginalstandardframework.Thenewtypesofmachineryincludeexcavationloaders,hydrauliccrushinghammers,asphaltdistributiontrucks,compactors,sprinklertrucks,millingmachines,cementconcreteslidingformpavers,fullcasingdrillingmachines,rotarydrillingmachines,deepmixingmachines,self-propelledaerialworkplatforms,concretevibratorsConcretedistributionmachine(pole),concretevacuumsuctionmachine,argonarcweldingmachine,CNCsteelbarbendingmachine,steelbarcageautomaticweldingmachine,woodworkingcircularsaw,mortarmixer,mortarconveyingpump,mortarsprayingunit,mortarpolishingmachine,pipejackingmachine,etc.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

1、概述1.Overview與《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)程》JGJ160—2008相比，本規(guī)范的強制性條文大幅減少。由原來的20條，減少為14條。Comparedwiththe"TechnicalRegulationsforInspectionofConstructionSiteMachineryandEquipment"JGJ160-2008,themandatoryprovisionsofthisspecificationhavebeensignificantlyreduced.Fromtheoriginal20articles,reducedto14articles.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

2.重點解析2.Focusedanalysis

本節(jié)對規(guī)范中的前4節(jié)中的重點條文進(jìn)行解析，為便于理解，本節(jié)仍采用規(guī)范的序號。Thissectionprovidesananalysisofthekeyprovisionsinthefirst4sectionsofthespecification.Foreaseofunderstanding,theserialnumbersofthespecificationarestillusedinthissection.1.總則1.GeneralProvisions1.0.4施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備的檢查除應(yīng)符合本規(guī)范外，尚應(yīng)符合國家現(xiàn)行有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定。1.0.4Theinspectionofmachineryandequipmentonconstructionsitesshall,inadditiontothisspecification,conformtotheprovisionsoftherelevantnationalstandardsinforce.解讀：Interpretation:施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備的種類相當(dāng)多，本規(guī)范并沒有全部列出。Therearequiteafewtypesofmechanicalequipmentontheconstructionsite,andnotallofthemarelistedinthisspecification.解讀：Interpretation:為避免重復(fù)，施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查已有國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范及規(guī)定，本規(guī)范進(jìn)行了選擇性刪減。Toavoidduplication,therearenationalstandardsandregulationsfortheinspectionofmechanicalequipmentontheconstructionsite,andthisspecificationhasbeenselectivelydeleted.解讀：Interpretation:因此，施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查除執(zhí)行本規(guī)范外，相關(guān)的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范及規(guī)定，均必須遵照執(zhí)行。Therefore,inadditiontoimplementingthisspecification,theinspectionofmechanicalequipmentontheconstructionsitemustalsocomplywithrelevantnationalstandards,specifications,andregulations.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

3.基本規(guī)定3.Basicregulations3.0.6機械設(shè)備用電應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《施工現(xiàn)場臨時用電安全技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ46的有關(guān)規(guī)定。3.0.6Theuseofelectricityformachineryandequipmentshallcomplywiththerelevantprovisionsofthecurrentindustrystandard"TechnicalSpecificationforSafetyofTemporaryElectricityUseonConstructionSites"JGJ46.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

3.基本規(guī)定3.Basicregulations解讀：本條要求機械設(shè)備的臨時用電應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《施工現(xiàn)場臨時用電安全技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ46的要求。Interpretation:Thisarticlerequiresthatthetemporaryelectricityuseofmechanicalequipmentshouldcomplywiththerequirementsofthecurrentindustrystandard"TechnicalSpecificationforSafetyofTemporaryElectricityUseonConstructionSites"JGJ46.

（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

3.基本規(guī)定3.Basicregulations認(rèn)真執(zhí)行規(guī)范中體現(xiàn)的三項基本安全技術(shù)原則（①采用三級配電系統(tǒng)；②采用TN-S接零保護系統(tǒng)；③采用漏電保護系統(tǒng)）是保障用電安全，防止觸電和電氣火災(zāi)事故的重要技術(shù)措施。Seriouslyimplementingthethreebasicsafetytechnicalprinciplesreflectedinthespecifications(①adoptingathree-leveldistributionsystem;②adoptingaTN-Sneutralprotectionsystem;③adoptingaleakageprotectionsystem)isanimportanttechnicalmeasuretoensureelectricitysafetyandpreventelectricshockandelectricalfireaccidents.4.動力設(shè)備4.Powerequipment4.1柴油發(fā)電機組4.1Dieselgeneratorsets4.1.2柴油發(fā)電機組應(yīng)高出室內(nèi)地面0.25～0.30m。4.1.2Dieselgeneratorsetsshouldbe0.25-0.30maboveindoorgroundlevel.移動式柴油發(fā)電機組應(yīng)處于水平狀態(tài)，放置穩(wěn)固，其拖車應(yīng)可靠接地，前后輪應(yīng)固定。mobiledieselgeneratorsetsshouldbeinahorizontalstate,placedfirmly,theirtrailersshouldbereliablygrounded,andthefrontandrearwheelsshouldbefixed.4.1.2柴油發(fā)電機組應(yīng)高出室內(nèi)地面0.25～0.30m。4.1.2Dieselgeneratorsetsshouldbe0.25-0.30maboveindoorgroundlevel.室外使用的柴油發(fā)電機組應(yīng)搭設(shè)防護棚。Dieselgeneratorsetsusedoutdoorsshouldbesetupwithaprotectiveshed.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

4.動力設(shè)備4.Powerequipment解讀：固定式柴油發(fā)電機，工作中產(chǎn)生振動和沖擊，安裝時需要放置平穩(wěn)、固定良好為防止發(fā)電機絕緣損壞導(dǎo)致人員觸電，應(yīng)采取拖車接地措施接零可單獨設(shè)臨時接地極，也可接到埋設(shè)在地下無可燃性氣體或無爆炸物質(zhì)的金屬管道上，以及與大地有可靠連接的建筑物的金屬構(gòu)架上。Interpretation:FixedDieselgeneratorgeneratesvibrationandimpactduringoperation.Itneedstobeplacedstablyandfixedwellduringinstallation.Inordertopreventelectricshockcausedbyinsulationdamageofthegenerator,trailergroundingmeasuresshouldbetaken.Aseparatetemporarygroundingelectrodecanbesetforneutralconnection,oritcanbeconnectedtoburiedmetalpipeswithoutcombustiblegasorexplosivesubstancesunderground,aswellastothemetalframeofbuildingswithreliableconnectiontotheearth.4.動力設(shè)備4.Powerequipment4.1.3柴油發(fā)電機組及其控制、配電、修理室等的設(shè)置應(yīng)滿足電氣安全距離和防火要求排煙管道應(yīng)伸出室外，且嚴(yán)禁在室內(nèi)存放儲油桶。4.1.3Dieselgeneratingsetsandtheircontrol,distributionandrepairroomsshouldbesetuptomeetelectricalsafetydistancesandfireprotectionrequirementsfumeextractionductsshouldextendoutdoorsandstorageofoildrumsindoorsisstrictlyprohibited.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

4.動力設(shè)備4.Powerequipment解讀：排煙管應(yīng)伸出室外，將汽缸內(nèi)的廢氣排出，減少排煙系統(tǒng)的背壓，降低廢氣阻力和溫度，提高柴油機的工作效率和工作性能；Interpretation:theexhaustpipeshouldbeextendedoutdoorstodischargetheexhaustgasfromthecylinder,reducethebackpressureoftheexhaustsystem,reducetheexhaustgasresistanceandtemperature,andimprovetheefficiencyandperformanceofthedieselengine;同時，確保發(fā)電機組具有良好的工作環(huán)境，應(yīng)保證操作人員的安全和減少對建筑物外觀的影響及對周圍環(huán)境的污染atthesametime,toensurethatthegeneratorsethasagoodworkingenvironment,shouldensurethesafetyoftheoperatorandreducetheimpactontheappearanceofthebuildingandpollutionofthesurroundingenvironment.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

4.動力設(shè)備4.Powerequipment嚴(yán)禁在室內(nèi)存放儲油桶。Itisstrictlyforbiddentostoreoilstoragedrumsindoors.主要原因是：由于室內(nèi)溫度很高，尤其在排煙管道（一般為350～550℃）附近，使存放的儲油桶內(nèi)達(dá)到燃點而引起火災(zāi)和爆炸。Themainreasonforthisisthatthehighindoortemperatures,especiallyinthevicinityofthefumeexhaustducts(generally350-550°C),causefiresandexplosionswhenthestoredoildrumsreachtheirignitionpoint.4.1.5柴油發(fā)電機組嚴(yán)禁與外電線路并列運行，且應(yīng)采取電氣隔離措施與外電線路互鎖。4.1.5Dieselgeneratorsetsarestrictlyprohibitedtoruninparallelwithexternalpowerlinesandshouldbeinterlockedwithexternalpowerlinesbytakingelectricalisolationmeasures.當(dāng)兩臺及以上發(fā)電機組并列運行時，必須裝設(shè)同步裝置，且應(yīng)在機組同步后再向負(fù)載供電。Whentwoormoregeneratingsetsarerunninginparallel,synchronisationdevicesmustbeinstalledandpowershouldbesuppliedtotheloadafterthesetshavebeensynchronised.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

解讀：本條為強制性條文。Interpretation:Thisarticleisamandatoryprovision.對發(fā)電機組電源與外電源線路的電氣隔離措施及保證發(fā)電機組不致因與外電線路并列運行而發(fā)生倒送電燒毀事故所作出的規(guī)定。ProvisionsontheGalvanicisolationmeasuresbetweenthepowersupplyofthegeneratorsetandtheexternalpowersupplyline,andtoensurethatthegeneratorsetwillnotbeburnedduetothereversepowertransmissionduetoparalleloperationwiththeexternalpowersupplyline.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

解讀：本條為強制性條文。Interpretation:Thisarticleisamandatoryprovision.發(fā)電機組電源與外電源線路并列運行會發(fā)生倒送電燒毀事故，因此要采用電氣隔離措施和互鎖裝置，保證發(fā)電機組與外電線路不并列運行。Theparalleloperationofgeneratorsetpowersupplyandexternalpowersupplylinewillleadtotheburningaccidentofreversepowertransmission.Therefore,Galvanicisolationmeasuresandinterlockdevicesshallbeadoptedtoensurethatthegeneratorsetandexternalpowersupplylinedonotoperateinparallel.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

解讀：本條為強制性條文。Interpretation:Thisarticleisamandatoryprovision.當(dāng)兩臺及以上發(fā)電機組并列運行時，同步裝置保證多臺發(fā)電機組所發(fā)電流頻率一致。Whentwoormoregeneratorunitsoperateinparallel,thesynchronizationdeviceensuresthatthecurrentfrequencygeneratedbymultiplegeneratorunitsisconsistent.4.1.7柴油機應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：Dieselenginesshallcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:（1）柴油機啟動、加速性能應(yīng)良好，怠速應(yīng)平穩(wěn)；(1)Thedieselengineshouldhavegoodstartingandaccelerationperformanceandasmoothidlespeed;（2）運轉(zhuǎn)不應(yīng)有異響，水溫、儀表指示數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確，并應(yīng)符合使用說明書的規(guī)定；(2)Thereshouldbenoabnormalnoiseinoperation,watertemperatureandinstrumentindicationdatashouldbeaccurateandshouldconformtotheprovisionsoftheoperatinginstructions;4.1.7柴油機應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：Dieselenginesshallcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:（3）柴油機曲軸箱內(nèi)機油量宜在機油尺上下刻度中間稍上位置；(3)Theamountofoilinthecrankcaseofadieselengineshouldbeslightlyabovethemiddleoftheupperandlowerscalesoftheoildipstick;4.1.7柴油機應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：Dieselenginesshallcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:（4）空氣、機油、柴油濾清器應(yīng)保持清潔，更換濾芯的時間應(yīng)按使用說明書要求執(zhí)行；(4)Theair,oilanddieselfiltersshouldbekeptcleanandthereplacementofthefilterelementsshouldbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththeoperatinginstructions;4.1.7柴油機應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：Dieselenginesshallcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:（5）水箱應(yīng)定期清洗，水箱內(nèi)外應(yīng)清潔；(5)Thewatertankshouldbecleanedregularlyandtheinsideandoutsideofthetankshouldbeclean;（6）當(dāng)水溫超過規(guī)定值時，節(jié)溫裝置應(yīng)能自動打開；(6)Thetemperaturesavingdeviceshallbeabletoopenautomaticallywhenthewatertemperatureexceedsthespecifiedvalue;4.1.7柴油機應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：Dieselenginesshallcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:（7）風(fēng)扇皮帶松緊應(yīng)適度；(7)Thefanbeltshouldbeappropriatelytightened;（8）電氣線路和油管管路應(yīng)排列整齊、卡固牢靠；(8)Electricalwiringandoilpipingshallbeneatlyarrangedandsecurelyfastened;4.1.7柴油機應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：Dieselenginesshallcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:（9）柴油機地腳螺栓不應(yīng)松動和缺損；(9)Dieselfootboltsshouldnotbelooseordefective;（10）柴油機負(fù)荷調(diào)節(jié)器配備應(yīng)合理。(10)Thedieselengineloadregulatorshouldbereasonablyequipped.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

解讀：本條是對柴油機的通用技術(shù)要求。Interpretation:Thisarticleisageneraltechnicalrequirementfordieselengines.發(fā)動機在運行過程中，司機應(yīng)經(jīng)常目視機油壓力表，發(fā)現(xiàn)不正常時，應(yīng)立即停機檢查，待故障排除后，方可再行啟動否則會造成嚴(yán)重的機械事故。Duringtheoperationoftheengine,thedrivershouldalwaysvisuallyinspecttheoilpressuregauge,andwhenabnormalitiesarefound,theengineshouldbestoppedimmediatelyforinspectionandonlyrestartedafterthefaulthasbeenremovedotherwiseitwillcauseseriousmechanicalaccidents.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

解讀：本條是對柴油機的通用技術(shù)要求。Interpretation:Thisarticleisageneraltechnicalrequirementfordieselengines.每日例保時，司機應(yīng)檢查機油尺所示機油量；Duringthedailyroutinemaintenance,thedrivershouldchecktheamountofoilshownonthedipstick;油量過少會導(dǎo)致機油壓力低，發(fā)動機因得不到良好潤滑而發(fā)生機械事故；toolittleoilwillleadtolowoilpressureandtheenginewillnotbewelllubricatedandmechanicalaccidentswilloccur;（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

解讀：本條是對柴油機的通用技術(shù)要求。Interpretation:Thisarticleisageneraltechnicalrequirementfordieselengines.油量過多會導(dǎo)致串油，發(fā)動機冒藍(lán)煙，造成輸出功率下降；toomuchoilwillleadtooilstringingandbluesmokefromtheengine,resultinginreducedoutput;曲軸箱內(nèi)機油超出油尺上刻度會導(dǎo)致排氣管噴出機油。oilinthecrankcaseexceedingthescaleonthedipstickwillleadtooilsprayingfromtheexhaustpipe.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

解讀：本條是對柴油機的通用技術(shù)要求。Interpretation:Thisarticleisageneraltechnicalrequirementfordieselengines.發(fā)動機的節(jié)溫器是保持發(fā)動機水溫的一種裝置，當(dāng)氣溫達(dá)不到80℃時，節(jié)溫器關(guān)閉；Theenginethermostatisadevicetokeeptheenginewatertemperature,whenthetemperaturedoesnotreach80℃,thethermostatisclosed;當(dāng)水溫超過80℃時，節(jié)溫器打開，發(fā)動機水套內(nèi)的水流向散熱器，散熱器開始散熱，以保持發(fā)動機正常運轉(zhuǎn)。whenthewatertemperatureexceeds80℃,thethermostatopens,thewaterintheenginewaterjacketflowstotheradiator,theradiatorbeginstodissipateheattokeeptheenginerunningnormally.4.1.8電氣系統(tǒng)應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：Theelectricalsystemshallcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:（1）柴油發(fā)電機組應(yīng)采用電源中性點直接接地的三相四線制供電系統(tǒng)和獨立設(shè)置的與原供電系統(tǒng)一致的接零保護系統(tǒng)，接地體（線）連接應(yīng)正確、牢固，接地裝置敷設(shè)應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《施工現(xiàn)場臨時用電安全技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ46的規(guī)定；(1)Thedieselgeneratorsetshalladoptthethree-phasefourwirepowersupplysystemwiththepowersupplyneutralpointdirectlygroundedandtheindependentneutralprotectionsystemconsistentwiththeoriginalpowersupplysystem.Thegroundingbody(wire)connectionshallbecorrectandfirm,andthegroundingdeviceshallbelaidinaccordancewiththecurrentindustrystandard“TechnicalCodeforSafetyofTemporaryElectrificationonConstructionSite”JGJ46;（二）、《建筑機械使用安全技術(shù)規(guī)程》

JGJ33—2012（節(jié)選）

(2)"SafetyTechnicalRegulationsfortheUseofConstructionMachinery"

JGJ33-2012(excerpt)（二）《建筑機械使用安全技術(shù)規(guī)程》

JGJ33—2012（節(jié)選）

"SafetyTechnicalRegulationsfortheUseofConstructionMachinery"

JGJ33-2012(excerpt)4.1.8電氣系統(tǒng)應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：Theelectricalsystemshallcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:（2）柴油發(fā)電機組配電線路連接后，兩端的相序應(yīng)與原供電系統(tǒng)的相序一致；(2)Afterthedieselgeneratorsetdistributionlineisconnected,thephasesequenceatbothendsshouldbethesameasthephasesequenceoftheoriginalpowersupplysystem;4.1.8電氣系統(tǒng)應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：Theelectricalsystemshallcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:（3）柴油發(fā)電機組至低壓配電裝置配電線路的相間、相地間的絕緣應(yīng)良好，且絕緣電阻值應(yīng)大于0.5MΩ；(3)Theinsulationbetweenthephaseandthephasegroundofthedistributionlinefromthedieselgeneratorsettothelow-voltagedistributiondeviceshallbegood,andtheinsulationresistancevalueshallbegreaterthan0.5MΩ;4.1.8電氣系統(tǒng)應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：Theelectricalsystemshallcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:（4）勵磁調(diào)壓、滅弧裝置和繼電保護裝置應(yīng)齊全、可靠；(4)Excitationandvoltageregulation,arcextinguishingdevicesandrelayprotectiondevicesshallbecompleteandreliable;（5）供電系統(tǒng)應(yīng)設(shè)置電源隔離開關(guān)及短路、過載和漏電保護電器電源隔離開關(guān)分?jǐn)鄷r應(yīng)有明顯可見的分?jǐn)帱c。(5)Thepowersupplysystemshouldbeequippedwithpowerdisconnectswitchesandshortcircuit,overloadandleakageprotectionappliancesPowerdisconnectswitchesshouldhaveclearlyvisiblebreakingpointswhenbreaking.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

解讀：Interpretation:本條對柴油發(fā)電機組的接地形式作出了規(guī)定，應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《施工現(xiàn)場臨時用電安全技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ46的規(guī)定，其中，當(dāng)單臺容量超過100kVA（千伏安）或使用同一接地裝置并聯(lián)運行且總?cè)萘砍^100kVA的發(fā)電機的工作接地電阻值不應(yīng)大于4Ω；Thisarticlestipulatesthegroundingformofdieselgeneratorset,whichshouldcomplywiththeprovisionsofthecurrentindustrystandard“TechnicalCodeforSafetyofTemporaryElectrificationonConstructionSite”JGJ46,wheretheworkinggroundingresistancevalueofgeneratorswithasinglecapacityofmorethan100kVA(kilovoltamperes)orparalleloperationusingthesamegroundingdeviceandatotalcapacityofmorethan100kVAshouldnotbegreaterthan4Ω;（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

解讀：Interpretation:當(dāng)單臺容量不超過100kVA或使用同一接地裝置并聯(lián)運行且總?cè)萘坎怀^100kVA的電力變壓器或發(fā)電機的工作接地電阻值不應(yīng)大于10Ω；Theworkinggroundingresistancevalueofapowertransformerorgeneratorwithasinglecapacitynotexceeding100kVAoroperatinginparallelwiththesamegroundingdeviceandatotalcapacitynotexceeding100kVAshouldnotexceed10Ω;在土壤電阻率大于100Ω.m（歐米伽米）的地區(qū)，當(dāng)達(dá)到上述接地電阻值有困難時，工作接地電阻值可提高到30Ω。Inareaswithsoilresistivitygreaterthan100Ω.m(Omegameter),whenitisdifficulttoreachtheabovegroundingresistancevalue,theworkinggroundingresistancevaluecanbeincreasedto30Ω.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

解讀：Interpretation:核準(zhǔn)相序是兩個電源向同一供電系統(tǒng)供電的必經(jīng)手續(xù)，相序一致才能確保用電設(shè)備的性能和安全，應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《建筑電氣工程施工質(zhì)量驗收規(guī)范》GB50303的規(guī)定。Approvalofthephasesequenceisanecessaryprocedurefortwopowersourcestosupplypowertothesamepowersupplysystem.Thephasesequenceisconsistentinordertoensuretheperformanceandsafetyofelectricalequipmentandshouldcomplywiththecurrentnationalstandard"CodeofConstructionQualityAcceptanceforBuildingElectricalWorks"GB50303.（一）《施工現(xiàn)場機械設(shè)備檢查技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ160—2016（節(jié)選）“TechnicalSpecificationfortheInspectionofMechanicalEquipmentonConstructionSites”

JGJ160—2016(Excerpt)

解讀：Interpretation:在供電系統(tǒng)設(shè)置電源隔離開關(guān)及短路、過載、漏電保護器是為了強調(diào)適應(yīng)施工用電工程的需要，應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《施工現(xiàn)場臨時用電安全技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ46的規(guī)定。Thepowerisolationswitchandshortcircuit,overloadandResidual-currentdevicearesetinthepowersupplysystemtoemphasizetheneedtoadapttotheconstructionpowerengineering,whichshouldcomplywiththecurrentindustrystandard“TechnicalCodeforSafetyofTemporaryPowerUseonConstructionSite“JGJ46.概述Overview為貫徹國家安全生產(chǎn)法律法規(guī)，保障建筑機械的正確使用，發(fā)揮機械效能，確保安全生產(chǎn)，制定本規(guī)程。Inordertoimplementthenationallawsandregulationsonsafetyproduction,guaranteethecorrectuseofconstructionmachinery,playmechanicalefficiency,toensuresafeproduction,thedevelopmentofthisregulation.本規(guī)程適用于建筑施工中各類建筑機械的使用與管理。Theseregulationsapplytotheuseandmanagementofvarioustypesofconstructionmachineryinbuildingconstruction.概述Overview本規(guī)程共13章，主要內(nèi)容包括：Thisregulationhas13chapters,themaincontentsinclude:1.總則；1.generalrules;2.基本規(guī)定；2.basicprovisions;3.動力與電氣裝置；3.powerandelectricalinstallations;概述Overview本規(guī)程共13章，主要內(nèi)容包括：Thisregulationhas13chapters,themaincontentsinclude:4.建筑起重機械；4.constructionliftingmachinery;5.土石方機械；5.earthmovingmachinery;6.運輸機械；6.transportmachinery;概述Overview本規(guī)程共13章，主要內(nèi)容包括：Thisregulationhas13chapters,themaincontentsinclude:7.樁工機械；7.pilingmachinery;8.混凝土機械；8.concretemachinery;9.鋼筋加工機械；9.steelprocessingmachinery;概述Overview本規(guī)程共13章，主要內(nèi)容包括：Thisregulationhas13chapters,themaincontentsinclude:10.木工機械；10.woodworkingmachinery;11.地下施工機械；11.undergroundconstructionmachinery;概述Overview本規(guī)程共13章，主要內(nèi)容包括：Thisregulationhas13chapters,themaincontentsinclude:12.焊接機械；12.weldingmachinery;13.其他中小型機械；附錄A～附錄C。13.othersmallandmedium-sizedmachinery;AppendixA~AppendixC.概述Overview本規(guī)程中以棕體字標(biāo)志的第2.0.1、2.0.2、2.0.3、2.0.21、4.1.1、4.1.14、4.5.2、5.1.4、5.1.10、5.5.6、5.10.20、5.13.7、7.1.23、8.2.7、10.3.1、12.1.4、12.1.9條為強制性條文，必須嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行。Sections2.0.1,2.0.2,2.0.3,2.0.21,4.1.1,4.1.14,4.5.2,5.1.4,5.1.10,5.5.6,5.10.20,5.13.7,7.1.23,8.2.7,10.3.1,12.1.4,12.1.9oftheseRegulations,markedinbrowntype,aremandatoryprovisionsTheprovisionsaremandatoryandmustbestrictlyenforced.概述Overview原《建筑機械使用安全技術(shù)規(guī)程》JGJ33—2001同時廢止。Theformer"SafetyTechnicalRegulationsfortheUseofConstructionMachinery"JGJ33-2001isalsorepealed.重點解析FocusedAnalysis本節(jié)對規(guī)范中的重點條文進(jìn)行解析，為便于理解，本節(jié)仍采用規(guī)范的序號。Thissectionprovidesananalysisofthekeyprovisionsinthespecification.Foreaseofunderstanding,theserialnumbersofthespecificationarestillusedinthissection.（二）《建筑機械使用安全技術(shù)規(guī)程》JGJ33—2012（節(jié)選）"SafetyTechnicalRegulationsfortheUseofConstructionMachinery"

JGJ33-2012(excerpt)重點解析FocusedAnalysis2.基本規(guī)定2.Basicregulations2.0.1特種設(shè)備操作人員應(yīng)經(jīng)過專業(yè)培訓(xùn)、考核合格取得建設(shè)行政主管部門頒發(fā)的操作證，并應(yīng)經(jīng)過安全技術(shù)交底后持證上崗。2.0.1Operatorsofspecialequipmentshallbeprofessionallytrainedandqualifiedtoobtaintheoperationcertificateissuedbytheconstructionadministrationdepartment,andshallbelicensedtoworkafterasafetytechnicalbriefing.（二）《建筑機械使用安全技術(shù)規(guī)程》JGJ33—2012（節(jié)選）"SafetyTechnicalRegulationsfortheUseofConstructionMachinery"

JGJ33-2012(excerpt)解讀：本條為強制性條文。Interpretation:Thisarticleisamandatoryprovision.本條規(guī)定了特種設(shè)備操作人員的資格條件，這是保證設(shè)備安全運行的基本條件。Thisarticlespecifiesthequalificationsofoperatorsofspecialequipment,whichisthebasicconditiontoensurethesafeoperationoftheequipment.（二）《建筑機械使用安全技術(shù)規(guī)程》JGJ33—2012（節(jié)選）"SafetyTechnicalRegulationsfortheUseofConstructionMachinery"

JGJ33-2012(excerpt)解讀：本條為強制性條文。Interpretation:Thisarticleisamandatoryprovision.建筑工程中，常用的特種設(shè)備有橋式起重機、門式起重機、塔式起重機、流動式起重機、升降機、場（廠）內(nèi)專用機動車輛等。Inconstructionprojects,specialequipmentcommonlyusedarebridgecranes,portalcranes,towercranes,mobilecranes,liftsandspecialmotorvehiclesinthefield(plant).最常見的是塔式起重機、流動式起重機、施工升降機、叉車等機械。Themostcommonaretowercranes,mobilecranes,constructionhoists,forkliftsandothermachinery.（二）《建筑機械使用安全技術(shù)規(guī)程》JGJ33—2012（節(jié)選）"SafetyTechnicalRegulationsfortheUseofConstructionMachinery"

JGJ33-2012(excerpt)2.0.2機械必須按出廠使用說明書規(guī)定的技術(shù)性能、承載能力和使用條件，正確操作，合理使用，嚴(yán)禁超載、超速作業(yè)或任意擴大使用范圍。2.0.2Machinerymustbeoperatedcorrectlyandusedreasonablyaccordingtothetechnicalperformance,load-bearingcapacity,andusageconditionsspecifiedinthefactorymanual.Overloading,overspeedoperation,orarbitrarilyexpandingthescopeofusearestrictlyprohibited.解讀：本條為強制性條文。Interpretation:Thisarticleisamandatoryprovision.施工機械的能力是有限的，在規(guī)定的技術(shù)能力范圍內(nèi)、承載能力范圍內(nèi)使用，機械是安全的，否則，會造成機械故障，甚至機械事故。Thecapacityofconstructionmachineryislimited,andthemachineryissafetousewithinthespecifiedtechnicalcapacityandcarryingcapacity;otherwise,itcancausemechanicalfailuresandevenmechanicalaccidents.（二）《建筑機械使用安全技術(shù)規(guī)程》JGJ33—2012（節(jié)選）"SafetyTechnicalRegulationsfortheUseofConstructionMachinery"

JGJ33-2012(excerpt)2.0.3機械上的各種安全防護和保險裝置及各種安全信息裝置必須齊全有效。2.0.3Thevarioussafetyguardsandsafetiesandvarioussafetyinformationdevicesonthemachinerymustbecompleteandeffective.解讀：本條為強制性條文。Interpretation:Thisarticleisamandatoryprovision.安全防護和保險裝置是機械的安全防護裝置，安全信息裝置是機械安全狀態(tài)的預(yù)報裝置。Safetyprotectionandsafetydevicesaremachinerysafetyprotectiondevices,safetyinformationdevicesaremachinerysafetystatusforecastingdevices.這些裝置的正確運行，能有效防止事故的發(fā)生，保證機械的安全生產(chǎn)。Thecorrectoperationofthesedevices,caneffectivelypreventaccidents,toensurethesafeproductionofmachinery.（二）《建筑機械使用安全技術(shù)規(guī)程》JGJ33—2012（節(jié)選）"SafetyTechnicalRegulationsfortheUseofConstructionMachinery"

JGJ33-2012(excerpt)解讀：本條為強