北京市朝陽區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市朝陽區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。At13yearsold,ItookalongtriptoLondonalone.WhenIsatdownonthecoach,anelderlygray-hairedman___1___andaskedifhecouldsitbesideme.“Ofcourse!”Helooked___2___,soIavoidedeyecontactashesettled.“Hi,I’mSara.”Iawkwardlyofferedmyrighthand.“…George.”Hepausedbeforeacceptingit.Then,ourchattookoff.Charleshadneverleftthecountryorrarelytalkedtostrangers,whileI,athirdculturekid,grewupwithfriendsfromaroundtheworld.Aswelearnedmoreabouteachother,webothseemedto___3___.ListeningtoGeorge,Ifeltthankfulforhis___4___,agecontrastnotwithstanding.It’softenourexperiencesthat___5___us,notage.Ourconversationwasinterruptedbymygrowlingstomach.ItookoutasandwichandhandedGeorgeanotherone.“Wouldyoueatwithme?”Atfirst,herefusedinshock.Butthedeterminationonmyfacemusthavebeenverypersuasive.Afteramoment’shesitation,heacceptedit.Assilencesettledin,Ifeltmyselffallingasleep.Thesuddentaponmyshouldermademe___6___inmyseat.ItwasGeorge,readytogetoffthebus.AsIextendedmyhandforafinalhandshake,he___7___itinbothofhis,lookingdirectlyatme,hiseyesfullof___8___.“Thankyouforbeingsokindtome.Safetravels.”Lookingoutside,IrealizedthatIhad___9___showngenerositytothisoldman,whohadprobablyneverbeenofferedfoodbyastranger.IfIfeltthisgoodsimplybecauseIhadunconsciouslybrightenedsomeone’sday,Iwonderhowwonderfulitwouldfeeltoshowstrangerskindnesswith___10___.1.A.stepped B.wandered C.returned D.approached2.A.excited B.nervous C.confused D.confident3.A.relax B.focus C.worry D.hesitate4.A.guidance B.wisdom C.honesty D.company5.A.create B.shape C.discover D.control6.A.shootup B.sitback C.benddown D.stretchout7.A.waved B.supported C.cupped D.balanced8.A.hope B.gratitude C.pride D.curiosity9.A.consistently B.purposely C.accidentally D.thoughtfully10.A.intention B.sympathy C.inspiration D.expectation【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.D5.B6.A7.C8.B9.C10.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者13歲獨自一人去倫敦做了一次長途旅行，路上遇到了一個老人，兩人作伴，作者和老人分享了自己的食物。老人最后感激作者的善良?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我在長汽車上坐下時，一位頭發(fā)花白的老人走過來，問是否可以坐在我旁邊。A.stepped行走；B.wandered徘徊；C.returned返回；D.approached靠近。根據(jù)后文“andaskedifhecouldsitbesideme”可知，老人靠近詢問能否作者坐在旁邊。故選D。【2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“當然！”他看起來很緊張，所以在他坐下的時候，我避開了目光接觸。A.excited激動的；B.nervous緊張的；C.confused困惑的；D.confident自信的。根據(jù)后文“Iavoidedeyecontactashesettled”以及“Charleshadneverleftthecountryorrarelytalkedtostrangers(查爾斯從來沒有離開過這個國家，也很少和陌生人說話)”可知，老人很少和陌生人說話，而作者發(fā)覺了對方的緊張，避開了目光接觸。故選B。【3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著我們對彼此了解的加深，我們似乎都放松了下來。A.relax放松；B.focus集中；C.worry擔心；D.hesitate猶豫。根據(jù)上文“Aswelearnedmoreabouteachother,webothseemedto”以及“Iawkwardlyofferedmyrighthand.”可知，他們一開始不自在緊張，隨著了解的加深放松了下來。故選A?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：聽著喬治的話，我對他的陪伴心存感激，盡管年齡相差很大。A.guidance指導(dǎo)；B.wisdom智慧；C.honesty誠實；D.company陪伴。根據(jù)上文“askedifhecouldsitbesideme”可知，老人在作者旁邊坐下，陪伴了作者。故選D?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：通常是我們的經(jīng)歷塑造了我們，而不是年齡。A.create創(chuàng)造；B.shape塑造；C.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.control控制。根據(jù)上文“It’softenourexperiencesthat”作者想要強調(diào)塑造我們的是經(jīng)歷，而不是年齡。故選B。【6題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：突然有人拍了拍我的肩膀，使我在座位上猛地坐了起來。A.shootup迅速上升，迅速坐起；B.sitback袖手旁觀；C.benddown彎腰；D.stretchout伸展。根據(jù)上文“Assilencesettledin,Ifeltmyselffallingasleep.(靜下來后，我覺得自己睡著了)”以及“Thesuddentaponmyshouldermademe”可知，作者睡著了有人拍肩膀，于是在座位上猛地坐了起來。故選A?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我伸出手最后一次握手時，他雙手捧起，直視著我，眼里充滿了感激。A.waved揮動；B.supported支持；C.cupped捧起；D.balanced平衡。根據(jù)上文“AsIextendedmyhandforafinalhandshake”以及后文“inbothofhis”指老人雙手捧住了作者伸出的手，故選C?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當我伸出手最后一次握手時，他雙手捧起，直視著我，眼里充滿了感激。A.hope希望；B.gratitude感激；C.pride驕傲；D.curiosity好奇心。根據(jù)后文“Thankyouforbeingsokindtome.(謝謝你對我這么好)”可知，老人感激作者，故選B?！?題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：向外看了看，我意識到我無意中對這位老人表現(xiàn)出了慷慨，他可能從來沒有被陌生人提供過食物。A.consistently持續(xù)地；B.purposely故意地；C.accidentally意外地；D.thoughtfully體貼地。根據(jù)后文“Ihadunconsciouslybrightenedsomeone’sday”以及上文可知，作者和老人是偶遇，所以是無意中表現(xiàn)出了慷慨。故選C?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我感覺這么好只是因為我無意中照亮了別人的一天，我想知道，有意識地向陌生人表達善意會有多么美妙。A.intention意圖；B.sympathy同情；C.inspiration靈感；D.expectation期待。根據(jù)上文“IfIfeltthisgoodsimplybecauseIhadunconsciouslybrightenedsomeone’sday,Iwonderhowwonderfulitwouldfeeltoshowstrangerskindnesswith”可知，無意中的善舉讓作者照亮了別人的一天，所以作者好奇有意識地向陌生人表達善意會有多么美妙。故選A。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。DuringmysummervacationintheUS,Ionceaskedforacupofhotwateratarestaurant.Thewaiter’s___11___(confuse)looksuggestedmyrequestseemedstrange.InAmerica,peoplelovetodrinkice-coldwater.ButinChina,wepreferhotwater.Thewaiter___12___(come)backwithaglassofroomtemperaturewater.Ipolitelyaskedagain,“CanIpleasehavesomehotwater?”Thewaiterfinallyunderstoodandbroughtmeasteamingcupofhotwater.___13___(learn)somethingnewabouteachother’scultures,webothsmiled.【答案】11.confused12.came13.Learning【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者在美國過暑假在餐廳里要熱水的經(jīng)歷?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：服務(wù)員困惑的表情表明我的要求似乎有些奇怪。修飾look，且表示“感到困惑的”應(yīng)用形容詞confused。故填confused?！?2題詳析】考查時態(tài)。句意：服務(wù)員端來一杯常溫的水。事情發(fā)生在過去，用一般過去時。故填came?！?3題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：了解了彼此的文化，我們都笑了。此處learn與we構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，首字母大寫。故填Learning。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Today,manypeoplewonder___14___electriccarsarebetterthangasolinecars.Somearguetheyareclean,not-pollutingandcheaper,___15___gasolinecarsarestillverypopular.Theycandrivelongdistances___16___needingtorecharge,andtheyalsorefuelmorequickly,takingonlyafewminutesatagasstation.Additionally,therearemoregasstationsthanchargingstations,makinggasolinecarsmoreconvenientforlongtrips.【答案】14.if##whether15.but16.without【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了汽油車的優(yōu)點?！?4題詳析】考查賓語從句。句意：今天，許多人想知道電動車是否比汽油車好。引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句不缺少成分，表示“是否”可用if或whether。故填if/whether?！?5題詳析】考查連詞。句意：有些人認為它們清潔、無污染、便宜，但汽油車仍然很受歡迎。結(jié)合前后文語境可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞but。故填but?！?6題詳析】考查介詞。句意：它們可以行駛很長的距離而不需要充電，而且它們也可以更快地加油，在加油站只需要幾分鐘。后跟動名詞作賓語，表示“不”用介詞without。故填without。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Shanxiisahugemuseumofhistoryandculture.Recently,thegameBlackMyth:Wukong___17___(gain)alotofattention.ToshowcasethebeautyofChinesearchitecture,thegamefeaturesovertwentyscenes,___18___templesandtowersaremodeledafterancientShanxi’sbuildings.AvideoentitledTravelShanxiwithWukonghasbeenreleasedtofollowinthefootstepsandtakeviewersonavirtualtourofeveryfamous___19___(attractive).Thiscloseconnectiontothegameworldallowsus___20___(use)digitalplatformstointroduceShanxi’shigh-qualityculturalandtourismresourcesthroughinteractivemethods.【答案】17.hasgained18.where19.attraction20.touse【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了山西的許多景點因為游戲《黑神話：悟空》而獲得關(guān)注?！?7題詳析】考查時態(tài)。句意：最近，游戲《黑神話：悟空》獲得了很多關(guān)注。根據(jù)上文Recently可知為現(xiàn)在完成時，主語為thegame，助動詞用has。故填hasgained。【18題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：為了展示中國建筑之美，游戲中有20多個場景，其中的寺廟和塔樓都是仿照山西古代建筑設(shè)計的。非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞scenes，在從句作地點狀語，故填where?！?9題詳析】考查名詞。句意：近日，一段名為《跟著悟空游山西》的視頻發(fā)布，跟隨悟空的腳步，帶領(lǐng)觀眾虛擬游遍了每一個著名景點。作賓語，應(yīng)用名詞attraction，且every后跟單數(shù)形式。故填attraction?！?0題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這種與游戲世界的緊密聯(lián)系，讓我們可以利用數(shù)字平臺，通過互動的方式，介紹山西優(yōu)質(zhì)的文化和旅游資源。短語allowsb.todosth.表示“允許某人做某事”。故填touse。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATheOxfordCollegeFarm,locatedontheedgeofOxfordcampusofEmoryUniversity,wascreatedin2014afterthedonationofelevenacres(英畝)oflandfromanEmorygraduate.Here,organicandfreshfoodisgrownbothforEmory’scampusesandthesurroundingcommunities.Also,thefarmprovidesstudentsacrossdisciplineswithhands-onexperienceinsustainableagriculture.Ifyouarelookingforlocalandorganically-grownfood,deliciousvarietiesharvestedatthepeakofripenessorotherexcitingpossibilities,comeandjointheOxfordCollegeFarmCommunitySupportedAgriculture(CSA)Program!Justtakeitasasubscriptionprogramthatallowsyoutobeasteward(管家)ofthelandwhileeatingwell!CSAProgramMembership·Tourthegardensonweekdays.·Enjoylocally-grown,fresh,andseasonalproduce.·Receivenewsletterfeaturinggardenupdatesandrecipesuggestions.·Havepriorityforsigningupfornextyear’sCSA.Sign-upReminders·Fillinyourinformation,includingyourEmoryNetID,firstname,lastname,preferredemail,preferredphone,homeaddress,city,stateandzipcode.·Selectyourpickuplocation:OxfordFarmersMkt,AtlCampusKaldi’s,AtlCampusMath/Sci,EmoryUniversityHospital.·Chooseyourpickupseason(s).Pleasenotethatpricesvaryfromseasontoseason.Toreceivea10%discount,youcanparticipateinallseasons.·Useadeliveryserviceifyouneed.Itisfreeforallordersover$30,otherwisefeesvaryanywherefrom$2to$5dependingondistance.IfyouareunabletojointheCSAbecauseoffinancialneed,pleaseemailusatoxfarm@emory.edutodiscuss.MembershiptotheCSAislimited,sosignupassoonaspossible!Don’tmissoutonthisopportunitytosupportsustainableagricultureandenjoyfresh,locally-grownfood!21.TheOxfordCollegeFarm_________.A.ismanagedbyEmorygraduates B.istailoredforagriculturemajorsC.allowsstudentstoexperienceinperson D.makesdonationstonearbycommunities22.TheCSAmemberscan_________.A.getlatestnewsaboutthegardens B.enjoyfreedeliveryserviceC.takepartinfarmtoursonweekends D.getdiscountsformembershiprenewal23.IfyouwanttosignupfortheCSAprogram,youneedto_________.A.sendanemailinadvance B.fillinyourfinancialconditionsC.chooseyourpreferredpickupspot D.guaranteetoparticipateinallseasons【答案】21.C22.A23.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了牛津大學(xué)農(nóng)場的項目以及參加要求?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Also,thefarmprovidesstudentsacrossdisciplineswithhands-onexperienceinsustainableagriculture.(此外，農(nóng)場為跨學(xué)科的學(xué)生提供可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)的實踐經(jīng)驗)”可知，牛津大學(xué)農(nóng)場允許學(xué)生親自體驗。故選C?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CSAProgramMembership部分中“·Receivenewsletterfeaturinggardenupdatesandrecipesuggestions.(·接收以花園更新和食譜建議為特色的訊息)”可知，CSA成員可以得到關(guān)于花園的最新消息。故選A?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Sign-upReminders部分中“·Selectyourpickuplocation:OxfordFarmersMkt,AtlCampusKaldi’s,AtlCampusMath/Sci,EmoryUniversityHospital.(·選擇您的接送地點：牛津農(nóng)民市場，AtlCampusKaldi’s，Atl校園數(shù)學(xué)/科學(xué)，埃默里大學(xué)醫(yī)院)”可知，如果你想報名參加CSA項目，你需要選擇你喜歡的接送點。故選C。BNiciMense,theNewYorkJets’firstfull-timedietitian,facesthedemandingtaskofmanagingthedailynutritionalneedsofprofessionalathletes.Recently,shehassuccessfullycompletedherseventhseasonwiththeteam.Properlyfuelingplayerssothattheyfeelthedifferenceintheirperformanceissomethingshelearnedwhileplayingsocceratuniversity.“IfoundsoccertobemoredemandingonmybodythanIhadexpected,andIneededtomaintainmyenergythroughpropernutritiontomatchmyperformanceonthefield,”shesaid.“Thisrealizationchangedmyperspective.I’vealwayslovedsportsandfood,socombiningthetwomadethemostsense.”MensejoinedtheNewYorkJetsandhasstayedintunewiththeteam’sschedule.“Myhoursvaryfromtimetotime,”shesaid.“It’sthebusiestduringtrainingcampthroughtheendoftheseason.Wewillworksevendaysaweekunlessit’sourbyeweek,whenwedon’tplayagameduringtheseason.Weensureplayersfuelproperlybefore,duringandafterpractice.Theyreceiverecoveryshakes,snacksandfruitforpost-practicerecovery.Whiletheyareintrainingthroughouttheday,that’smytimetoplanfortheweeksahead.”O(jiān)ccasionally,athletesneedawarm-upperiodwhenworkingwithadietitian.“Itcanbequitechallengingtoprovethatdietitiansareheretohelpthemandthatwearenotthefoodpolice,”saidMense.“Therearetimeswhenaplayerdoesn’tlistentotheeducationandinjuresthemselves.Butit’salwayssoawesometoseewhenitworksforthem.”Nevertheless,Mensefeelsfulfilledinherroleandcontinuestopushtheathletes,knowingthatnutritioniskeytofuelingperformance,recoveryandlong-termhealth.Mensedescribesherselfas“obsessed”withherfield,constantlyevolvingandgainingknowledge.“IfIamthesamedietitianthreeyearsfromnow,thenIamdoingsomethingwrong,”shedeclared.“Themoreopen-mindedIam,andthemoreIamabletolearnasaprofessional,thebetterIcanhelpathleteswiththeirgoals.”Bystayingattheforefrontofherfield,Menseprovidesathleteswithessentialnutritionstrategiestosupporttheirperformance,recovery,andlong-termhealth.Withherdedicationandexpertise,it’sclearthatprofessionalathletesaretrulyeatingtheirwaytovictory.24.WhatmotivatedNiciMensetochoosehercareer?A.Herurgetomakelifechanges. B.Herexperienceofplayingsoccer.C.Heradmirationforathletes’spirits. D.Herdreamofbeingaprofessionalathlete.25.WhatcanwelearnaboutNiciMense?A.Shekeepsherprofessionalknowledgeupdated.B.Herpriorityistoprovidepost-gamerecoverymeals.C.Sheworkssevendaysaweekduringtheseasonperiod.D.Herworkinghoursarefixedthroughouttheentireseason.26.NiciMensesometimesfindsithardtoworkwithathletesbecausethey_________.A.puttheirpersonalinterestsfirst B.complainabouttheirunhealthydietC.disagreeabouttheirtrainingschedule D.doubttheroleofadietitianintheirteam27.WhichwordscanbestdescribeNiciMense?A.Determinedandgenerous. B.Humbleandinnovative.C.Talkativeandopen-minded. D.Enthusiasticandcommitted.【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了紐約噴氣機隊營養(yǎng)師尼西?門斯，包括其職業(yè)選擇緣由、工作內(nèi)容及自身專業(yè)態(tài)度等?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Properlyfuelingplayerssothattheyfeelthedifferenceintheirperformanceissomethingshelearnedwhileplayingsocceratuniversity.‘IfoundsoccertobemoredemandingonmybodythanIhadexpected,andIneededtomaintainmyenergythroughpropernutritiontomatchmyperformanceonthefield,’shesaid.‘Thisrealizationchangedmyperspective.I’vealwayslovedsportsandfood,socombiningthetwomadethemostsense.’(給運動員合理補充能量，讓他們感受到自身表現(xiàn)的差異，這是她在大學(xué)踢足球時學(xué)到的。她說：‘我發(fā)現(xiàn)足球?qū)ξ疑眢w的要求比我預(yù)期的要高，我需要通過合理的營養(yǎng)來保持能量，以匹配我在球場上的表現(xiàn)。這種認識改變了我的看法。我一直熱愛體育和美食，所以將兩者結(jié)合起來是最合理的?！?”可知，是她大學(xué)踢足球時的經(jīng)歷讓她意識到營養(yǎng)對運動表現(xiàn)的重要性，從而促使她選擇了現(xiàn)在的職業(yè)。故選B項?！?5題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Mensedescribesherselfas‘obsessed’withherfield,constantlyevolvingandgainingknowledge.‘IfIamthesamedietitianthreeyearsfromnow,thenIamdoingsomethingwrong,’shedeclared.‘Themoreopen-mindedIam,andthemoreIamabletolearnasaprofessional,thebetterIcanhelpathleteswiththeirgoals.’(門斯稱自己對自己的領(lǐng)域‘著迷’，不斷發(fā)展并獲取知識。她宣稱：‘如果三年后我還是同一個營養(yǎng)師，那我就做錯了。我越開明，作為一名專業(yè)人士我能學(xué)到的越多，我就能越好地幫助運動員實現(xiàn)他們的目標?！?”可知，門斯不斷更新自己的專業(yè)知識。故選A項?！?6題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Occasionally,athletesneedawarm-upperiodwhenworkingwithadietitian.‘Itcanbequitechallengingtoprovethatdietitiansareheretohelpthemandthatwearenotthefoodpolice,’saidMense.(偶爾，運動員在與營養(yǎng)師合作時需要一個磨合階段。門斯說：‘要證明營養(yǎng)師是來幫助他們的，而我們不是‘食物警察’，這可能相當具有挑戰(zhàn)性?！?”可知，有時運動員會懷疑營養(yǎng)師在團隊中的作用，覺得營養(yǎng)師像“食物警察”一樣限制他們。故選D項。【27題詳析】推理判斷題。從文中門斯在紐約噴氣機隊多年，用心滿足運動員營養(yǎng)需求，稱自己對領(lǐng)域“著迷”，不斷更新知識等內(nèi)容，比如倒數(shù)第二段“Mensedescribesherselfas‘obsessed’withherfield,constantlyevolvingandgainingknowledge.(Mense稱自己對自己的領(lǐng)域‘著迷’，不斷發(fā)展并獲取知識)”以及她始終致力于通過營養(yǎng)助力運動員表現(xiàn)、恢復(fù)和健康等方面，能看出她對工作充滿熱情且盡心盡力，可用Enthusiasticandcommitted來形容她。故選D項。CAccordingtoanideacalledthe“inflationary(暴脹的)multiverse”,theuniversehasbeenconstantlyexpanding,whichwouldhavecreatedacountlessnumberofotheruniverses.Collectively,thesecosmicislandsformwhatscientistscalla“multiverse”.However,otheruniversesmayliebeyondourscientificreach,physicallyandphilosophically.Consequently,themethodologiesbywhichphysicistsmightvalidate(驗證)themultiverseandwhethersuchvalidationisevenpossibleremainunresolvedinquiries.Inscience,hypotheses(假說)areusedtoproposeexplanations,butfromhypothesestotheories,validationofpredictionsisessentialtoseewhetherinitialassumptionsaresupportedordisproved.TheoreticalphysicistCarloRovellisays,“Itishardtowritetheoriesthatsurvivetheproofofreality.Fewsurvivethankstoabasicidea:Donottrustyourfancies.Keeponlytheideasthatcanbetested.”Rovelliadds,“Todaymanyphysicistsarewastingtimetryingtoguessandjumpingtoconclusions.Thisapproachhasneverworkedpreviously,anditisnotworkingnow.”Themultiversemightbeoneofthosewildguesses.Now,physicistsaredebatingwhetherthatproblemmovesthemultiversefromphysicstometaphysics,fromtheworldofsciencetothatofphilosophy.PhilosopherRichardDawidbelievesscientistscouldsupportthemultiversehypotheseswithoutactuallyfindingphysicalsupport.“Ifwehaveatheorythatseemstowork,andhavecomeupwithnothingthatworksbetter,chancesareourideaisright,”hesays.Noteveryoneissocheerful,though.SabineHossenfelder,anothertheoreticalphysicist,thinks“Withoutmakingcontactwithobservation,atheoryisn’tpartofthenaturalsciences,andnotphysics.”Somesupportersofthemultiverseclaimtheyhavefoundphysicalevidence.AndreiLindeinsists“Ouruniverseseemsfine-tuned(精調(diào)的)tobefavourabletolife,withafour-dimensionalspaceinwhichwecanlive.Itiscertainthatinaneternallyinflatingmultiverse,oneoftheuniversesshouldturnoutlikeours.Eachuniversecanhavedifferentphysicallawsandfundamentals.Givenlimitlesschanges,auniverseonwhichhumanscanbebornwillbeborn.Themultiverseactuallyexplainswhywe’rehere.Andourexistence,therefore,helpsexplainwhythemultiverseisplausible.”JustasEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativitycouldonlybeconfirmedrecentlywithabillion-dollarinstrumentcalledLIGO,scientistsmayeventuallydiscovermoredirectevidenceofthemultiverse.Sofar,allofsciencehasreliedontestability,butthoseteststaketime,andmosttheoreticianswanttowaititout.Theyarenotreadytoshelveanidealikethemultiverse—whichcouldactuallybetheanswertolife,theuniverseandeverything—untilandunlesstheycanprovetothemselvesitdoesn’texist.Andthatdaymaynevercome.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Themultiverseisrecognizedasatheory.B.Themultiversestartsdebatesonhumanexistence.C.Rovellicriticizesphysicistsfortheirbaselessfancies.D.Dawidemphasizesthenecessityofphysicalevidence.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plausible”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Credible. B.Complex. C.Essential. D.Fascinating.30.Asfortheexistenceofmultiverse,theauthoris_________.A.negative B.neutral C.certain D.positive31.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.MysteriesofMultiverse:Fine-TunedforLifeB.CanPhysicistsEverProvetheMultiverseIsReal?C.TheInflationaryMultiverse:ProvenBeyondDoubtD.HavePhysicistsLostTheirMindsintheMultiverse?【答案】28.C29.A30.D31.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了什么是多元宇宙，以及物理學(xué)家對于這一概念的不同看法和論證?！?8題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TheoreticalphysicistCarloRovellisays,“Itishardtowritetheoriesthatsurvivetheproofofreality.Fewsurvivethankstoabasicidea:Donottrustyourfancies.Keeponlytheideasthatcanbetested.”Rovelliadds,“Todaymanyphysicistsarewastingtimetryingtoguessandjumpingtoconclusions.Thisapproachhasneverworkedpreviously,anditisnotworkingnow.”Themultiversemightbeoneofthosewildguesses.(理論物理學(xué)家CarloRovelli說：“很難寫出經(jīng)得起現(xiàn)實證明的理論。很少有理論能幸存下來，這要歸功于一個基本的理念：不要相信你的幻想。只保留那些可以被測試的想法?！盧ovelli補充道：“今天，許多物理學(xué)家都在浪費時間去猜測和草率下結(jié)論。這種方法以前從未奏效，現(xiàn)在也行不通?！倍嘣钪婵赡苁沁@些大膽的猜測之一)”可知，羅維利批評物理學(xué)家毫無根據(jù)的幻想（包括多元宇宙），認為真正的理論需要現(xiàn)實上經(jīng)得起被測試。故選C?！?9題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Itiscertainthatinaneternallyinflatingmultiverse,oneoftheuniversesshouldturnoutlikeours.Eachuniversecanhavedifferentphysicallawsandfundamentals.Givenlimitlesschanges,auniverseonwhichhumanscanbebornwillbeborn.Themultiverseactuallyexplainswhywe’rehere.(可以肯定的是，在一個永遠膨脹的多元宇宙中，其中一個宇宙應(yīng)該和我們的宇宙一樣。每個宇宙都有不同的物理定律和基本原理。鑒于無限的變化，一個人類可以誕生的宇宙將會誕生。多元宇宙實際上解釋了我們?yōu)槭裁丛谶@里)”以及“Andourexistence,therefore,helpsexplainwhythemultiverseis(因此，我們的存在有助于解釋為什么多元宇宙……)”可知，上文therefore表示因果關(guān)系，說明多元宇宙實際上解釋了我們?yōu)槭裁丛谶@里，而我們的存在有助于解釋多元宇宙的概念是可信的。故劃線詞意思是“可信的”。故選A?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“JustasEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativitycouldonlybeconfirmedrecentlywithabillion-dollarinstrumentcalledLIGO,scientistsmayeventuallydiscovermoredirectevidenceofthemultiverse.(正如愛因斯坦的廣義相對論直到最近才被價值數(shù)十億美元的LIGO儀器證實一樣，科學(xué)家們最終可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)多元宇宙的更直接證據(jù))”和“Theyarenotreadytoshelveanidealikethemultiverse—whichcouldactuallybetheanswertolife,theuniverseandeverything—untilandunlesstheycanprovetothemselvesitdoesn’texist.Andthatdaymaynevercome.(他們還沒有準備好擱置像多元宇宙這樣的想法——它實際上可能是生命、宇宙和一切的答案——除非他們能證明它不存在。這一天可能永遠不會到來)”可知，對于多元宇宙的存在，作者是肯定的態(tài)度。故選D。【31題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Accordingtoanideacalledthe“inflationary(暴脹的)multiverse”,theuniversehasbeenconstantlyexpanding,whichwouldhavecreatedacountlessnumberofotheruniverses.Collectively,thesecosmicislandsformwhatscientistscalla“multiverse”.However,otheruniversesmayliebeyondourscientificreach,physicallyandphilosophically.Consequently,themethodologiesbywhichphysicistsmightvalidate(驗證)themultiverseandwhethersuchvalidationisevenpossibleremainunresolvedinquiries.(根據(jù)一種被稱為“暴脹多元宇宙”的觀點，宇宙一直在不斷膨脹，這將創(chuàng)造出無數(shù)的其他宇宙?？偟膩碚f，這些宇宙島嶼形成了科學(xué)家所謂的“多元宇宙”。然而，其他宇宙可能在物理和哲學(xué)上都超出了我們的科學(xué)范圍。因此，物理學(xué)家可能用來驗證多重宇宙的方法，以及這種驗證是否可能，仍然是未解決的問題)”結(jié)合文章主要解釋了什么是多元宇宙，以及物理學(xué)家對于這一概念的不同看法和論證?？芍?，B選項“物理學(xué)家能證明多元宇宙是真實的嗎？”最符合文章標題。故選B。DPuremathematicsfascinatesme,preciselybecauseitissoinaccessible.Ienvisionitasaremote,chilly,dangerousplace,likeAntarctica’sSentinelRange.Thehardysoulswhosurmountitspeaksseemsuperhuman.PerhapsbecauseIromanticizemathematicians,I’mtroubledbythethoughtthatmachinesmightreplacethem.IstatedthispossibilityinTheDeathofProof,publishedintheOctober1993ScientificAmerican.Inresponsetothegrowingcomplexityofmathematics,Ireported,mathematicianswerebecomingincreasinglyreliantoncomputers.Iasked,“Willthegreatmathematiciansofthenextcenturybemadeofsilicon(硅)?”Mathematiciansarestillannoyedaboutthatarticle,evenasthetrendsIdescribedhavecontinued.AnthonyBordgatCambridgeUniversityworriesthathisfieldcouldfacea“replicationcrisis”(復(fù)制危機)likethattroublingscientificresearch.Mathematicians,Bordgnotes,sometimesacceptaproofnotbecausetheyhavecheckedit,stepbystep,butbecausetheytrusttheproof’smethodsandauthor.Giventhe“increasingdifficultyincheckingthecorrectnessofmathematicalarguments”,old-fashionedpeerreviewmaynolongerbesufficient.Outstandingmathematicianshavepublished“proofs”sonovelandelaboratethatevenspecialistsintherelevantmathematicscan’tvalidatethem.Bordgsuggestscomputerized“proofassistants”willhelpconfirmproofs.Researchershavealreadyinventedan“interactivetheoremprover(交互式定理證明程序)”thatcancheckproofsandevenproposeimprovements.Somemathematicianswelcomethedigitizationofmathematicsforaccuracy.Othersareconflicted.MichaelHarrisseesmathematicsas“afree,creativeactivity”pursuedforitsownsake,forthepurejoyofdiscoveryandinsight.Heworriessuchtoolswillencouragea“l(fā)imitedvision”ofmathematicsasaneconomicproductratherthan“awayofbeinghuman”.Afterall,manyfundersofmathematicalresearch,includingtechnologygiants,valuemathematicsprimarilyforitsapplications.Wevaluescienceforapplications,too.Sentimentalsciencewriting,includingmine,impliesthatscience’spurposeisinsightintonature.Inthemodernera,however,science’sprimarygoalispower.Sciencehelpsuscontrolnatureforvariousends:toenrichandentertain,toboosteconomy,andtodefeatenemies.Modernphysics,tomostofus,isincomprehensible,butwhocareswhenphysicsgivesussmartphonesandhydrogenbombs?Physicistsoftenadoptautilitarian(實用主義的)mindset,exemplifiedbytheslogan“Shutupandcalculate!”Thatiswhatprofessorssupposedlytellstudentsstuckinquantummechanics.StephenHawkingandMartinReeshavepredictedartificialintelligencewillplayanincreasingroleinphysics.Wouldn’titbefunnyifaquantumAIfindsthelong-soughtunifiedtheoryofphysics,butnotevenbrillianttheoristEdwardWittenunderstandsit?Giventhepowerfulforcesbehindautomatization,ifmachinescanreplacemathematicians,theyprobablywill,justastheyarereplacingdrivers,banktellers,travelagents,cashiersandotherworkers.Mathematicians’wishes,suchastheirdesiretopursuetruthpurelyforitsownsake,mightbeunlikely.Thecharmofmathcanhardlybepreservedinfaceofthepowerfulforcesbehindautomatization.32.“Replicationcrisis”ismentionedto_________.A.reduceaparticularconcern B.justifytheuseofdigitalassistantsC.questiontheroleofauthorityinmath D.highlightthepotentialthreatofmachines33.Advocatesofutilitarianisminsciencewouldprobablyagreethat_________.A.insightintonatureisapriority B.automatizationisamajortrendC.quantumAIremainsafantasy D.powerisanapproachtodigitization34.Whatcanbelearnedfromthispassage?A.Utilitarianmindsetpushesphysicsforward.B.Quantummechanicsunifiestheoriesofphysics.C.Thehumanityofmathematicsishardtomaintain.D.Leadingmathematicians’proofsarebeyondunderstanding.【答案】32.B33.B34.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要論述了數(shù)學(xué)家們越來越依賴計算機，研究領(lǐng)域可能會出現(xiàn)危機，對此不同的人表達了各自不同的看法。【32題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“AnthonyBordgatCambridgeUniversityworriesthathisfieldcouldfacea“replicationcrisis”(復(fù)制危機)likethattroublingscientificresearch.Mathematicians,Bordgnotes,sometimesacceptaproofnotbecausetheyhavecheckedit,stepbystep,butbecausetheytrusttheproof’smethodsandauthor.Giventhe“increasingdifficultyincheckingthecorrectnessofmathematicalarguments”,old-fashionedpeerreviewmaynolongerbesufficient.Outstandingmathematicianshavepublished“proofs”sonovelandelaboratethatevenspecialistsintherelevantmathematicscan’tvalidatethem.Bordgsuggestscomputerized“proofassistants”willhelpconfirmproofs.Researchershavealreadyinventedan“interactivetheoremprover(交互式定理證明程序)”thatcancheckproofsandevenproposeimprovements.(劍橋大學(xué)的AnthonyBordg擔心，他的研究領(lǐng)域可能會面臨像困擾科學(xué)研究那樣的“復(fù)制危機”。博格指出，數(shù)學(xué)家有時接受一個證明，并不是因為他們已經(jīng)一步一步地檢驗了它，而是因為他們信任這個證明的方法和作者?？紤]到“檢驗