廣東省深圳市龍崗區(qū)2024-2025學年高三上學期期末質(zhì)量監(jiān)測英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省深圳市龍崗區(qū)2024-2025學年高三上學期期末質(zhì)量監(jiān)測英語試題第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATheBiggestWeekinAmericanBirdingisabird-watchingfestivalheldfromMay2toMay11innorthwestOhio.AbsorbyourselfinspringsongbirdmigrationandexperiencesomeofthebestbirdingNorthAmericahastooffer.ActivityHighlights:BirdTriviaNightsDate:Saturdays,May3andMay10Time:7:00p.m.to9:00p.m.Fee:OpentopublicThispopularsocialeventletsparticipantsteamupandenjoyfriendlycompetitionwithotherbirdenthusiastsonbirdingknowledge.BeginningBirderFieldTripsDate:Sundays,May4andMay11Time:10:00a.m.to12:00p.m.Fee:FreetoregistersSpeciallydesignedfornewcomerstobirding,thesetripsofferaguidedexperienceinbirdidentificationandtheuseofbirdingequipment.KeynotePresentationsDate:Fridays,May2andMay9Time:4:00p.m.to5:00p.m.Fee:$20Publishedwriterswillcoverengagingtopicsontheartofbirding,scientificdiscovery,andhistoricalperspectivesintheirpresentations.BirdArtBasicsWorkshopsDate:Saturdays,May3andMay10Time:8:00a.m.to12:00p.m.Fee:$40Exploreyourartisticsideandlearnsometechniquesthroughsketchingandpaintingbirdsundertheguidanceofourartists.AboutRegistration:·Manyfreeactivitiesdon’trequireregistration,butpaidtrips,workshops,andpresentationsdo.·Additionalregistrationbenefitsincludefreebirdingtripsandlocalshopdiscounts.·Registrationfeeis$10;50%offforages9-18,andfreeforkids8andunder.·Registerassoonaspossibletoguaranteeyourspotsinspecificpaidactivities!1.Whencanafirst-timebirdergetsomebirdingguidance?A.OnSaturdays,7:00p.m.to9:00p.m. B.OnSundays,10:00a.m.to12:00p.m.C.OnFridays,4:00p.m.to5:00p.m. D.OnSaturdays,8:00a.m.to12:00p.m.2.What’sthetotalcostforan11-year-oldtolearntocreatebirdart?A.$50. B.$45. C.$30. D.$25.3.Whatisanadvantageofearlyregistration?A.Itprovidesgiftsatlocalshops. B.Itoffersdiscountedbirdingtrips.C.Itsavesmoneyforgroupparticipants. D.Itsecuresaccesstocertainactivities.【答案】1.B2.B3.D【語篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。介紹了“美國觀鳥周”這一觀鳥節(jié)日，詳細介紹了該節(jié)日的時間、地點、各項活動的內(nèi)容、時間、費用以及注冊相關(guān)信息?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BeginningBirderFieldTrips下的“Speciallydesignedfornewcomerstobirding,thesetripsofferaguidedexperienceinbirdidentificationandtheuseofbirdingequipment.(這些旅行專為觀鳥新手設(shè)計，提供鳥類識別和觀鳥設(shè)備使用的指導(dǎo)經(jīng)驗)”以及“Date:Sundays,May4andMay11(日期：周日、5月4日和5月11日)”和“Time:10:00a.m.to12:00p.m.(時間：上午十時至下午十二時)”可知，第一次觀鳥者可以在周日上午10點到中午12點期間獲得指導(dǎo)。故選B。【2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BirdArtBasicsWorkshops下的“Fee:$40(費用:$40)”以及AboutRegistration:下的“Registrationfeeis$10;50%offforages9-18,andfreeforkids8andunder.(注冊費為10美元，9-18歲半價，8歲及以下兒童免費)”可知，11歲的孩子需要繳納半價的注冊費$5，鳥藝術(shù)工作坊費用為$40，總費用為$40+$5=$45。故選B?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AboutRegistration:下的“Registerassoonaspossibletoguaranteeyourspotsinspecificpaidactivities!(盡快注冊，以確保您在特定付費活動中的位置！)”可知，提前注冊的優(yōu)勢是可以確保在某些特定的收費活動中有名額。故選D。BWhat’sthecureforabrokenheart?Whataboutforsadness,anxietyorloneliness?ForthosevisitingthePoetryPharmacy(藥店)—customersorpatients,dependingonhowyouseethem—thesearethequestionsontheirminds.ThisbookshoponOxfordStreetoffersspecialmedicinetothosesortsofemotionalwounds.Calm,comfort,inspiration:whateveryou’researchingfor,there’sabookofpoetrytohelpyoufindit.Fromphilosophicalpoemstoromanticones,poetryhaslonghadthepowertospeaktothedeepestpartsofoursoul.Whenotherliteraryformsfail,it’softenpoetrythathastheanswer,saysPoetryPharmacyfounderDebAlma.“Atweddingsandfunerals(葬禮),it’sapoemthat’sread,”shepointsout.“It’stheartthatpeopleinstatesofintenseemotionturnto.”Withitsexpansivelibraryofbrightlycolouredbooks,thepharmacyiseverypoetryfan’sdream.Almaknowsthatpoetryalonewon’tcureanyoneoflife’sgreatestpain.Instead,thisstoreservesasarepresentationoftheideathatwordscureall.Thecentrepieceisarichred-browncupboardcontainingsmallglassbottleslabeledwithvariousemotions:“l(fā)ove”,“boost”and“pride”.Somearemoreplayful.Therearepillsfor“hesitation”and“existentialanxiety”,whileaglassbottleatopreads:“Calm:Keepoutofreachofchildren.”It’sartisticallypleasingjokeslikethesethathavemadethisstoreahugehitonsocialmedia.Inthetwomonthssinceitsopening,theplacehasbeenconsistentlylively,withcustomersdroppingintobuygifts,sittingwithacoffeefromthepharmacytoreadandreflect,andmanydocumentingtheexperienceforsocialmedia.Whenaskedwhysomanyyoungpeopleareinterestedinpoetryagain,Almasaid,“Intheabsenceoffaith,weareallsearchingformeaning,foradeeperbondwitheachother.”ThePoetryPharmacyoffersthat.Peoplesitdownforacoffeeandendupreadingthepoemsattachedtothetables,coveringthewalls,aloud.Forthoselackingclosenessintheirlives,thepoems,likethepharmacy,provide“eveninasmallway,alittlecommunity”.4.WhatdoweknowaboutcustomersenteringthePoetryPharmacy?A.Theysufferfromemotionalpain. B.Theyarefondofreadingbooks.C.Theyaregoodatcreatingpoems. D.Theysearchforclinicaltreatment.5.WhydoesDebAlmamentionweddingsandfuneralsinparagraph2?A.Toarguetheimportanceofart. B.Tostressthesignificanceofpoetry.C.Toillustratethenecessityofliterature. D.Topromotethereputationoftheshop.6.WhatmakesPoetryPharmacypopularonsocialmedia?A.Well-arrangedcupboards. B.Carefully-selectedbooks.C.Abalancebetweenlifeandleisure. D.Acombinationofwisdomandhumor.7.WhatdoesAlmathinkofyoungpeople’senthusiasminpoetry?A.Itcausestheirlackofspiritualfaith.B.Itshowstheirurgetofollowthecrowd.C.Itbuildsmeaningfulconnectionsamongthem.D.Itreflectstheirtasteofliteraryappreciation.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。介紹了“詩歌藥店”這一特色書店，探討了詩歌在治愈人心、提供情感慰藉方面的作用?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“What’sthecureforabrokenheart?Whataboutforsadness,anxietyorloneliness?ForthosevisitingthePoetryPharmacy(藥店)—customersorpatients,dependingonhowyouseethem—thesearethequestionsontheirminds.(治療心碎的方法是什么？那悲傷、焦慮或孤獨呢？對于那些造訪“詩歌藥店”的人來說——你可以把他們當作顧客，也可以當作病人，這取決于你的看法——這些問題一直縈繞在他們的心頭)”可知，進入詩歌藥店的顧客都遭受情感上的痛苦。故選A項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Fromphilosophicalpoemstoromanticones,poetryhaslonghadthepowertospeaktothedeepestpartsofoursoul.Whenotherliteraryformsfail,it’softenpoetrythathastheanswer,saysPoetryPharmacyfounderDebAlma.“Atweddingsandfunerals(葬禮),it’sapoemthat’sread,”shepointsout.“It’stheartthatpeopleinstatesofintenseemotionturnto.”(從哲理性的詩歌到浪漫的詩歌，詩歌長久以來一直有著觸動我們靈魂深處的力量。詩歌藥店的創(chuàng)始人黛布·阿爾瑪說，當其他文學形式失效時，往往是詩歌給出了答案。“在婚禮和葬禮上，人們會朗誦詩歌，”她指出，“在情感強烈的時候，人們會轉(zhuǎn)向這種藝術(shù)形式?！?”可知，在本段提到婚禮和葬禮是為了強調(diào)詩歌的重要性，在重要的場合都可以使用。故選B項。【6題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“It’sartisticallypleasingjokeslikethesethathavemadethisstoreahugehitonsocialmedia.(正是像這些藝術(shù)上令人愉悅的笑話使得這家商店在社交媒體上大受歡迎)”可知，智慧與幽默的結(jié)合讓詩歌藥房在社交媒體上如此受歡迎。故選D項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whenaskedwhysomanyyoungpeopleareinterestedinpoetryagain,Almasaid,“Intheabsenceoffaith,weareallsearchingformeaning,foradeeperbondwitheachother.”ThePoetryPharmacyoffersthat.Peoplesitdownforacoffeeandendupreadingthepoemsattachedtothetables,coveringthewalls,aloud.Forthoselackingclosenessintheirlives,thepoems,likethepharmacy,provide“eveninasmallway,alittlecommunity”.(當被問及為什么這么多年輕人再次對詩歌產(chǎn)生興趣時，Alma說：“在缺乏信仰的情況下，我們都在尋找意義，尋找彼此之間更深的聯(lián)系?！薄霸姼杷幍辍本吞峁┝诉@樣的機會。人們坐下來喝杯咖啡，最后大聲朗讀貼在桌子上、掛在墻上的詩歌。對于那些生活中缺乏親密感的人來說，這些詩歌就像藥店一樣，提供了“哪怕只是一點點的社群感”)”可知，Alma認為詩歌在年輕人之間激發(fā)了情感上的聯(lián)系和共鳴。故選C項。CFrighteningasmonstersare,theyhavealwaysfascinatedus.Fromstrangecombinationsofanimalstomagicalbeings,creatureshaveemergedfromourimaginationsthroughouthistory.Today,theystillfrequentourcinemascreens.Consideringhowscaredwecanbeofmonsters,itseemsparadoxicalthatwekeepmakingthem.Infact,thereissciencebehindourloveofmonsters.Monstersareimaginarycreaturesthatcomefromourlonghistoryoflivingalongsidepredators(捕食者).Snakes,forexample,wereamongourancestors’firstdeadlythreats,causingthemtoevolvesnake-responsiveneurons(神經(jīng)元)intheirbrains.Thisadaptationallowedthemtodetectsnakeswithjustaquicklook.Thishardwareproducedthesnake-likemonsters,includingdragons,thatappearinalmostallcultures.Thatiswhywegetathrillseeingsnakemonstersonthescreen.Similarly,ourancestors’mindswereshapedbytheneedtodetectbears,lionsandotherlargerpredatorsintoughenvironments.Weevolvedtospotpredatorsinthedarkbetweentreetrunksorinshadowycorners.Withtheirlongteethandgiantclaws,theseanimalshaveseizedourimaginations,appearingincavepaintingsoverthousandsofyears.Therearepsychologicalbenefitstobeingfrightenedbymonsters.Scarystorieswithterrifyingcreaturesactivatetheamygdala,thebrain’sfearcenter,kickingoffthefight-or-flightresponseandreleasingadrenaline(腎上腺素).Withthestoryendinginsafety,adrenalinelevelsdrop,bringingchemicalsthatfuelthefeelingofrelaxation.Suchcontrolledfearexperiencemighthelpustomanagelong-termstressorincreaseourpaintolerance.Asaresult,somepeoplewithanxietyenjoywatchinghorrorfilmsbeforebed.Themonsterswecreatetodayforfilmsandbooksreflectourdeepestfears—whetherit’sGodzillathreateningcivilisation,oraliensgrowingwithinus.Monstermediaallowsustoexternaliseanxietiesintosupernaturalbeings.Byunderstandingourmonstersandwhywemakethem,wecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatisgoingonunderthesurfaceofourminds.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“paradoxical”meaninparagraph1?A.Reasonable. B.Predictable. C.Contradictory. D.Problematic.9.Whatisthepurposeofparagraphs2and3?A.Tohonourthewisdomofourancestors. B.Todemonstratetheoriginofmonsters.C.Tocomparedifferentdeadlycreatures. D.Tointroducecommonanimalsinartworks.10.Howdoeswatchinghorrorfilmsbenefitpeoplewithanxiety?A.Itreducesthebrain’ssensitivitytofear. B.Ithelpspeopleforgetanxiousexperiences.C.Itteachessafetylessonsinextremedanger. D.Itstimulatesthebody’srelaxationsystem.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsourloveofmonsters?A.Favourable. B.Uncertain. C.Ambiguous. D.Skeptical.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要解釋了人類為何對怪物既感到害怕又被其吸引的現(xiàn)象，從人類歷史、心理機制等方面進行了闡述，說明了怪物在人類文化和心理中的重要作用。【8題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Consideringhowscaredwecanbeofmonsters(考慮到我們對怪物有多害怕)”以及后文“wekeepmakingthem(我們一直制造怪物)”可知，我們害怕怪物，但是又一直在制造怪物，看起來是矛盾的，推知paradoxical為“矛盾的”之意，和C項意思相近。故選C項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Monstersareimaginarycreaturesthatcomefromourlonghistoryoflivingalongsidepredators(捕食者).Snakes,forexample,wereamongourancestors’firstdeadlythreats,causingthemtoevolvesnake-responsiveneurons(神經(jīng)元)intheirbrains.Thisadaptationallowedthemtodetectsnakeswithjustaquicklook.Thishardwareproducedthesnake-likemonsters,includingdragons,thatappearinalmostallcultures.Thatiswhywegetathrillseeingsnakemonstersonthescreen.(怪物是我們與食肉動物長期共存的歷史中想象出來的生物。例如，蛇是我們祖先最早的致命威脅之一，導(dǎo)致他們在大腦中進化出對蛇敏感的神經(jīng)元。這種適應(yīng)使它們只需快速看一眼就能發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇。這種硬件產(chǎn)生了像蛇一樣的怪物，包括龍，幾乎在所有文化中都出現(xiàn)過。這就是為什么我們在屏幕上看到蛇怪會感到興奮)”以及第三段“Similarly,ourancestors’mindswereshapedbytheneedtodetectbears,lionsandotherlargerpredatorsintoughenvironments.Weevolvedtospotpredatorsinthedarkbetweentreetrunksorinshadowycorners.Withtheirlongteethandgiantclaws,theseanimalshaveseizedourimaginations,appearingincavepaintingsoverthousandsofyears.(同樣，我們祖先的思維也被在惡劣環(huán)境中發(fā)現(xiàn)熊、獅子和其他大型捕食者的需要所塑造。我們進化到能夠在黑暗的樹干間或陰暗的角落里發(fā)現(xiàn)捕食者。這些動物有著長長的牙齒和巨大的爪子，它們在幾千年前的洞穴壁畫中出現(xiàn)，抓住了我們的想象力)”可知，這兩段從蛇和大型捕食者的角度解釋了怪物的起源，指出它們是基于我們祖先與捕食者共存的歷史經(jīng)驗演化得來，目的是說明怪物的起源。故選B項。【10題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Therearepsychologicalbenefitstobeingfrightenedbymonsters.Scarystorieswithterrifyingcreaturesactivatetheamygdala,thebrain’sfearcenter,kickingoffthefight-or-flightresponseandreleasingadrenaline(腎上腺素).Withthestoryendinginsafety,adrenalinelevelsdrop,bringingchemicalsthatfuelthefeelingofrelaxation.Suchcontrolledfearexperiencemighthelpustomanagelong-termstressorincreaseourpaintolerance.Asaresult,somepeoplewithanxietyenjoywatchinghorrorfilmsbeforebed.(被怪物嚇到有心理上的好處。關(guān)于恐怖生物的恐怖故事會激活杏仁核，即大腦的恐懼中心，引發(fā)“戰(zhàn)或逃”反應(yīng)，并釋放腎上腺素。隨著故事在安全的情況下結(jié)束，腎上腺素水平下降，產(chǎn)生了促進放松感的化學物質(zhì)。這種可控的恐懼體驗可能有助于我們管理長期壓力或提高我們的疼痛耐受力。因此，一些焦慮的人喜歡在睡覺前看恐怖電影)”可知，觀看恐怖電影可以刺激腎上腺素分泌，最終通過化學機制讓人感到放松，因此恐怖電影幫助激活身體的放松系統(tǒng)。故選D項。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Suchcontrolledfearexperiencemighthelpustomanagelong-termstressorincreaseourpaintolerance.(這種可控的恐懼體驗可能有助于我們管理長期壓力或提高我們的疼痛耐受力)”以及最后一段“Themonsterswecreatetodayforfilmsandbooksreflectourdeepestfears—whetherit’sGodzillathreateningcivilisation,oraliensgrowingwithinus.Monstermediaallowsustoexternaliseanxietiesintosupernaturalbeings.Byunderstandingourmonstersandwhywemakethem,wecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatisgoingonunderthesurfaceofourminds.(我們今天為電影和書籍創(chuàng)造的怪物反映了我們最深的恐懼——無論是威脅文明的哥斯拉，還是在我們體內(nèi)生長的外星人。怪物媒體讓我們把焦慮外化到超自然生物身上。通過了解我們的怪物以及我們?yōu)槭裁粗圃焖鼈?，我們可以學到很多關(guān)于我們思想表面下發(fā)生的事情)”可知，作者認為對怪物的喜愛能有助于我們管理長期壓力或提高我們的疼痛耐受力，以及學到很多關(guān)于我們思想表面下發(fā)生的事情，所以應(yīng)是支持的態(tài)度。故選A項。DTechnologywithrootsgoingbacktotheBronzeAgemayofferafastandinexpensivesolutiontohelpachievetheUnitedNationsclimategoalofnetzeroemissionsby2050.Thetechnologyinvolvesarrangingheat-absorbingfirebricksinaninsulated(隔熱的)container,wheretheystoreheatgeneratedbysolarorwindpowerforlateruseandmaintainitatthehightemperaturesrequiredforindustrialprocesses.Whenneeded,theheatcanbereleasedbypassingairthroughchannelsinthelayersofthebricks,thusallowingsteel,glass,andpaperfactoriestorunonrenewableenergyevenwhenwindandsunlightareunavailable.Thebricksaremadefromthesamematerialsastheinsulatingbricksusedthousandsofyearsago.Today,about17%ofallcarbondioxideemissions(排放)worldwidecomefromburningfossilfuelstoproduceheatforindustrialprocesses.Generatingindustrialheatfromrenewablesourcescouldallbutremovetheseemissions.“Bystoringenergyintheformclosesttoitsenduse,youreduceinefficienciesinenergytransition,”saidtheresearchers.“It’ssaidinourfieldthat’ifyouwanthotshowers,storehotwater’;sothisstudycanbesummarizedas‘ifyouneedheatforindustry,storeitinfirebricks.’”Theresearchersexaminedtheimpactofusingfirebrickstostoreindustrialprocessheatin149countriesbyusingcomputermodelstoassesscosts,landrequirements,healthimpacts,andemissionsintwosituationsforanassumedfuturewherethosecountriesin2050areusingrenewablesforallenergypurposes.Inonesituation,firebricksprovide90%ofindustrialprocessheat.Intheother,there’szeroadoptionoffirebricksorotherheatenergystorageforindustrialprocesses.Theresearchersfoundfirebricksenableafasterandlower-costtransitiontorenewables.Specifically,thesituationwithfirebrickscouldcutcapitalcostsby$1.27trillionacrossthe149countriesrelativetothesituationwithnofirebrickstorage,whilereducingdemandforenergyfromtheelectricitysupply.“Whatexcitesusisthatthesubstantialbenefitatlowcostfrommultipleangles,fromhelpingtoreduceairpollutionrelateddeathstoeasingglobaltransitiontocleanrenewables,”researcherscommented.12.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkaboutconcerningthefirebrick?A.Itskeycomposition. B.Itspotentiallimitations.C.Itsworkingprinciple. D.Itshistoricalbackground.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirebrickinparagraph3?A.Itincreasestheuseoffossilfuels. B.Ithelpstogenerateindustrialheat.C.Itcontributestoenergysustainability. D.Itstoresenergyintheformofhotwater.14.Howdidtheresearchersarriveattheirconclusioninparagraph4?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Bypresentingaphenomenon.C.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect. D.Bybuildingacomputermodel.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FirebricksAretheFutureofIndustrialTechnologyB.TheSolarPowerHelpsAchieveNetZeroEmissionsC.RenewableEnergyDominatesIndustrialProductionD.BronzeAgeTechnologyCouldAidCleanEnergyShift【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.D【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章通過介紹一種利用火磚儲存熱能的技術(shù)，詳細闡述了其工作原理、潛在應(yīng)用以及對實現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國2050年凈零排放氣候目標的可能貢獻?！?2題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thetechnologyinvolvesarrangingheat-absorbingfirebricksinaninsulated(隔熱的)container,wheretheystoreheatgeneratedbysolarorwindpowerforlateruseandmaintainitatthehightemperaturesrequiredforindustrialprocesses.Whenneeded,theheatcanbereleasedbypassingairthroughchannelsinthelayersofthebricks,thusallowingsteel,glass,andpaperfactoriestorunonrenewableenergyevenwhenwindandsunlightareunavailable.Thebricksaremadefromthesamematerialsastheinsulatingbricksusedthousandsofyearsago.(這項技術(shù)包括將吸熱耐火磚放置在一個隔熱容器中，在容器中儲存太陽能或風能產(chǎn)生的熱量供以后使用，并將其保持在工業(yè)過程所需的高溫下。當需要時，熱量可以通過磚塊層中的通道通過空氣釋放出來，這樣即使在沒有風和陽光的情況下，鋼鐵、玻璃和造紙廠也可以使用可再生能源。這些磚的材料與幾千年前使用的隔熱磚相同)”可知，本段主要講述了防火磚的工作原理。故選C項?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Today,about17%ofallcarbondioxideemissions(排放)worldwidecomefromburningfossilfuelstoproduceheatforindustrialprocesses.Generatingindustrialheatfromrenewablesourcescouldallbutremovetheseemissions.“Bystoringenergyintheformclosesttoitsenduse,youreduceinefficienciesinenergytransition,”saidtheresearchers.“It’ssaidinourfieldthat’ifyouwanthotshowers,storehotwater’;sothisstudycanbesummarizedas‘ifyouneedheatforindustry,storeitinfirebricks.’”(今天，全世界大約17%的二氧化碳排放來自燃燒化石燃料為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程供熱。利用可再生能源生產(chǎn)工業(yè)熱幾乎可以消除這些排放。研究人員說：“通過以最接近其最終用途的形式儲存能量，你可以減少能源轉(zhuǎn)換的低效率?！薄霸谖覀兊念I(lǐng)域里，有人說‘如果你想洗熱水澡，就儲存熱水’；因此，這項研究可以總結(jié)為‘如果你需要工業(yè)供熱，那就把它儲存在耐火磚里。’”)”可知，本段提及防火磚能減少能量轉(zhuǎn)換的低效情況，也能減少碳排放，可知其有助于能源可持續(xù)性發(fā)展。故選C項。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Theresearchersexaminedtheimpactofusingfirebrickstostoreindustrialprocessheatin149countriesbyusingcomputermodelstoassesscosts,landrequirements,healthimpacts,andemissionsintwosituationsforanassumedfuturewherethosecountriesin2050areusingrenewablesforallenergypurposes.Inonesituation,firebricksprovide90%ofindustrialprocessheat.Intheother,there’szeroadoptionoffirebricksorotherheatenergystorageforindustrialprocesses.Theresearchersfoundfirebricksenableafasterandlower-costtransitiontorenewables.Specifically,thesituationwithfirebrickscouldcutcapitalcostsby$1.27trillionacrossthe149countriesrelativetothesituationwithnofirebrickstorage,whilereducingdemandforenergyfromtheelectricitysupply.(研究人員對149個國家使用耐火磚儲存工業(yè)過程熱量的影響進行了研究，他們使用計算機模型評估了成本、土地需求、健康影響和兩種情況下的排放，假設(shè)這些國家在2050年所有能源目的都使用可再生能源。在一種情況下，耐火磚提供了90%的工業(yè)過程熱量。另一方面，在工業(yè)過程中沒有采用耐火磚或其他熱能儲存。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)耐火磚可以更快、更低成本地過渡到可再生能源。具體來說，與沒有耐火磚儲能相比，使用耐火磚儲能可以在149個國家削減1.27萬億美元的資本成本，同時減少對電力供應(yīng)的能源需求)”可知，研究人員通過計算有耐火磚和沒用耐火磚之間的結(jié)果來得出結(jié)論，所以是通過比較。故選A項?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“TechnologywithrootsgoingbacktotheBronzeAgemayofferafastandinexpensivesolutiontohelpachievetheUnitedNationsclimategoalofnetzeroemissionsby2050.(可以追溯到青銅器時代的技術(shù)可能會提供一種快速而廉價的解決方案，幫助實現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國2050年凈零排放的氣候目標)”以及縱觀全文可知，文章主要圍繞一種復(fù)古的技術(shù)“防火磚”如何幫助清潔能源發(fā)展這一主題展開，強調(diào)了這一技術(shù)對能源轉(zhuǎn)型的重要作用，所以D項“青銅時代的技術(shù)有助于清潔能源的轉(zhuǎn)變”是本文最好的標題。故選D項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Praisesbenefitboththegiverandreceiver,yettheirimpactisoftenunderestimated.____16____However,researchshowsthatbothgivingandreceivingpraisessignificantlyimprovesemotionalwell-being.Withthatinmind,weaskedexpertstosharetheirfavoritepraisesandwhytheymatter.VanessaBohns,asocialpsychologistatCornellUniversity,highlightsherfavorite“Youhandledthatsituationsowell.”Sherecallsusingthispraisewhenobservingaservermanageadifficultcustomerinteraction.“Itcomfortsthepersonthathiseffortsdidn’tgounnoticed”,sheexplains.____17____Beingspecificturnsaso-sopraiseintoagreatone.XuanZhao,abehavioralscientistatStanfordUniversity,appreciatesthepraise“____18____”.Thisremarkacknowledgessomeone’sefforttodeveloppotentialinothers.It’sparticularlymeaningfulforthoseinleadershiporteachingroles.____19____Bohnsconductedaresearchwherecollegestudentsapproachedpassers-bytopraisethemonitemsliketheirshirts.Itshowedthatparticipantsunderestimatedhowgoodthesepraiseswouldmakethereceiversfeel,whileoverestimatinghowannoyingitwouldbetobeapproachedbyastranger.“Acrossallcontexts,itmakespeoplefeelbetterthanweexpect,”Bohnsstates.Zhao’sfavoritepraise,“Youmakeevenordinarymomentsfeelextraordinary,”workswellwithfamilyandfriends.Itbeautifullyhighlightshowsomeone’spresenceenricheseverydaylife.____20____However,aslongasyouspeakgenuinely,bothyouandthereceiverwillleavetheinteractionfeelinghappier.A.I’mgratefulforyourpatience.B.Ilovethewayyoubringoutthebestinpeople.C.Praisingstrangersmaybeunexpectedlywelcoming.D.Ourpraisesforpassers-byshouldbecarefullychosen.E.Asaresult,wedon’tgivepraisesasmanyasweshould.F.Meanwhile,itacknowledgeshemanagedthetrickycircumstanceeffectively.G.Manyfeargivingpraisesduetoworriesaboutnotdeliveringthemperfectly.【答案】16.E17.F18.B19.C20.G【語篇解讀】本文是議論文。文章主要討論了贊美的好處，包括給予贊美和接受贊美對雙方情感福祉的積極影響，并通過專家分享他們最喜歡的贊美之語及其重要性來闡述這一觀點。【16題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Praisesbenefitboththegiverandreceiver,yettheirimpactisoftenunderestimated.(贊美對給予者和接受者都有益，但其影響卻常常被低估)”可知，前文說明贊揚的好處被低估，空處承上啟下，E項“Asaresult,wedon’tgivepraisesasmanyasweshould.(因此，我們給予的贊美遠少于應(yīng)有的數(shù)量)”和前文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，符合語境，并與后文“However,researchshowsthatbothgivingandreceivingpraisessignificantlyimprovesemotionalwell-being.(然而，研究表明，無論是給予還是接受贊美都能顯著提升情感幸福感)”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選E項?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)前文“VanessaBohns,asocialpsychologistatCornellUniversity,highlightsherfavorite“Youhandledthatsituationsowell.”Sherecallsusingthispraisewhenobservingaservermanageadifficultcustomerinteraction.“Itcomfortsthepersonthathiseffortsdidn’tgounnoticed”,sheexplains.(康奈爾大學的社會心理學家VanessaBohns強調(diào)了她最喜歡的一句話：“你把那個情況處理得很好?！彼貞浾f，在觀察一位服務(wù)員處理困難的客戶互動時，她使用了這種贊美。她解釋說：“他的努力沒有被忽視，這讓人感到安慰。”)”可知，此處是在講述“你把那個情況處理得很好”這句贊美的好處，F(xiàn)項“Meanwhile,itacknowledgeshemanagedthetrickycircumstanceeffectively.(與此同時，它承認他有效地處理了棘手的情況)”回應(yīng)了前文例子中服務(wù)員的情境，說明該贊美的具體價值，符合語境。故選F項?！?8題詳析】空處位于引號內(nèi)，應(yīng)是引用一句贊美的話，根據(jù)后文“Thisremarkacknowledgessomeone’sefforttodeveloppotentialinothers.It’sparticularlymeaningfulforthoseinleadershiporteachingroles.(這句話承認某人努力開發(fā)他人的潛力。這對那些擔任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)或教師角色的人尤其有意義)”可知，空處應(yīng)是和開發(fā)潛力有關(guān)的贊美，B項“Ilovethewayyoubringoutthebestinpeople.(我喜歡你激發(fā)人們最好的一面的方式)”是一個具體的表揚示例，符合此處主題。故選B項。【19題詳析】空處位于段首，為本段中心句，根據(jù)后文“Bohnsconductedaresearchwherecollegestudentsapproachedpassers-bytopraisethemonitemsliketheirshirts.Itshowedthatparticipantsunderestimatedhowgoodthesepraiseswouldmakethereceiversfeel,whileoverestimatinghowannoyingitwouldbetobeapproachedbyastranger.“Acrossallcontexts,itmakespeoplefeelbetterthanweexpect,”Bohnsstates.(博恩斯進行了一項研究，讓大學生走近路人，稱贊他們的襯衫等物品。研究表明，參與者低估了這些贊美會讓接受者感覺有多好，同時高估了被陌生人接近的煩人程度?！霸谒星闆r下，這讓人們感覺比我們預(yù)期的要好，”博恩斯說)”可知，本段說明Bohns的研究內(nèi)容，空處應(yīng)引出Bohns的研究，且與贊揚陌生人有關(guān)，C項“Praisingstrangersmaybeunexpectedlywelcoming.(贊美陌生人可能會出乎意料地受歡迎)”符合本段主題，為中心句。故選C項。【20題詳析】根據(jù)后文“However,aslongasyouspeakgenuinely,bothyouandthereceiverwillleavetheinteractionfeelinghappier.(然而，只要你說話真誠，你和接收者都會感到更快樂)”可知，后文強調(diào)真誠贊美帶來的積極效果，空處應(yīng)和本句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，G項“Manyfeargivingpraisesduetoworriesaboutnotdeliveringthemperfectly.(許多人害怕給予贊美，因為擔心不能完美地表達出來)引出了只要真誠，贊美就能帶來積極效果的主題，從而自然過渡到最后一句，符合語境。故選G。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Ihadaneighborwhowasareal“scorekeeper.”Sheviewedeveryfavororactofkindnessassomethingthatneededtobepaidforeitherincashorin____21____.OncewhenI____22____heryardandforgottotellher,shefollowedmetomyhousetopayme.Icouldseethatlivingthisway,alwayshavingtokeepscore,alwayshavingherlifeperfectly____23____causedherstress.Myparentsgrewupnotwantingtoreceive____24____either,buttheyoftenhelpedothersthoughtheywerepoor.Momwouldmakespecialfoodstoshareand____25____vegetablesgrowninourgarden,whileDadwouldoftenhelpsomeoneinneed.AndwhentheydidsoIalwayssaw____26____intheirsmiles.Thenonenightour____27____caughtfireandburnedtotheground.Weall____28____butlosteverythingweowned,homelessand____29____.Butthenextdayhelparrived.Thewholecommunitybroughtusfoodandclothes,foundusa____30____placetostay,andhelpedmyDad____31____anewhomeforustolivein.Therewasnowaywecouldever____32____theirkindnessandlove.Yet,Isoonsawthatnoone____33____usto.Becauseinthefacesofeachpersonwhohelpeduswerethosesamejoyfulsmiles.Speakingoflove,the____34____isthemoreloveyoushare,themoreloveyouhave.Themoreyougive,themoreyou____35____.Itdoesn’tbalanceout.Itjustkeepsgrowing.Don’tkeepscorethen.JustLove.21.A.passion B.kindness C.belief D.surprise22.A.crossed B.damaged C.cleaned D.rented23.A.balanced B.saved C.changed D.improved24.A.treatment B.permission C.cash D.charity25.A.selloff B.giveaway C.throwaway D.lookfor26.A.joy B.courage C.tiredness D.disappointment27.A.garden B.home C.community D.school28.A.stayed B.cried C.waited D.survived29.A.bored B.ashamed C.hopeless D.worthless30.A.popular B.poor C.temporary D.remote31.A.occupy B.finance C.replace D.paint32.A.remove B.regain C.repay D.renew33.A.taught B.permitted C.warned D.expected34.A.truth B.decision C.problem D.concern35.A.lose B.desire C.refuse D.receive【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.A27.B28.D29.C30.C31.B32.C33.D34.A35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者父母在自己并不富裕的情況下樂于助人，不求回報，在家庭發(fā)生意外后，社區(qū)的人們伸出援手，幫助作者一家重建家園的故事，由此作者感悟到：愛是無私的，是無法衡量的，盡管去愛吧?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她認為每一個幫助或善意的行為都是需要用現(xiàn)金或善意來支付的。A.passion激情；B.kindness善良；C.belief信念；D.surprise驚喜。根據(jù)前文“Ihadaneighborwhowasareal“scorekeeper.”Sheviewedeveryfavororactofkindnessassomethingthatneededtobepaidforeitherincash”可知，鄰居是個“記分員”，認為他人幫助你，你需要支付現(xiàn)金或者也幫助回去