湖南省益陽市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末英語試卷（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省益陽市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末英語試卷第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AOverthepastdecade,moreandmoretravelershavebeenembracingtheideaofslowtravel.Oneofthemostpopularmethodsofslowtravel,ifyouhavethetime,isbyrail.Hereareourpicksforsomeofthebesttrainridesintheworld.TheGlacierExpressTheGlacierExpresstakesmorethaneighthourstocrossthe180-milejourneybetweenZermattandSt.MoritzinSwitzerlandatanaverageof18mph.TheclassicredtrainjourneybringsyoutoEurope’smountainsattheirverybest—withviewsofsnow-coveredforestsandpeaksincluded!TheNilgiriMountainRailwayRunningthroughTamilNaduState,thetrainistheslowestinIndiaduetoanextremelysteepgradientontheroute.Ittakesnearlyfivehourstocoveradistanceof46km.ClearlynobodyusestheNMRtogetfromAtoB,butforthesheerjoyofridinginatrainthatpassesthrough16tunnels,250bridgesand208steepcurvesontherichlybiodiverseWesternGhatsmountainrange.No.6063/6064Withalengthof257kilometers,thehighlypopular“small-and-slowtrain”routewindsthroughtheQinlingMountains,linking13stationsatthehighestcostof39.5yuan.Villagerstakethetraintoselltheirvegetablesinnearbycountiestoaddtotheirfamilies’income.Helpingpovertyalleviationandcarryingstudentstoschools,therailline,runningforover60years,isaguaranteeofandwitnesstothewishforabetterlifeofthepeoplealongitsroute.RoyalScotsmanWiththefulllengthof1930kilometers,theRoyalScotsmanmarriesEdwardianelegancewiththecomfortsofafive-starcountryhouse.Thetrainincludeselegantlounges,comfortablesuites,andanopenobservationdeck.The9-coachtraincarriesajust36passengersmaximumwithapassengertostaffratioof1:3.OneofthecoachesistheamazingBamfordSpaofferingsomethingofapalaceonwheels.1.WhydopeoplechoosetheNilgiriMountainRailway?A.Toviewthesnow-coveredforests.B.Totravelfromoneplacetoanother.C.Toexperiencetheamusementofriding.D.TostudythegeographyoftheWesternGhats.2.Whichtraincanwetaketoexperiencevillagers’slowlife?A.TheGlacierExpress. B.No.6063/6064.C.TheNilgiriMountainRailway. D.RoyalScotsman.3.WhatisRoyalScotsmanspecialabout?A.Itsluxury. B.Itsroute. C.Itshistory. D.Itsconvenience.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章為想慢旅行的旅行者介紹了四個世界上最好的火車之旅。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheNilgiriMountainRailway中的“ClearlynobodyusestheNMRtogetfromAtoB,butforthesheerjoyofridinginatrainthatpassesthrough16tunnels,250bridgesand208steepcurvesontherichlybiodiverseWesternGhatsmountainrange.(很明顯，沒有人使用尼爾吉里鐵路從A點到達(dá)B點，而是為了在生物多樣性豐富的西高止山脈上穿越16條隧道、250座橋梁和208個陡峭彎道的火車上享受純粹的樂趣)”可知，人們選擇尼爾吉里鐵路通常是為了研究西高止山脈的自然地理，享受欣賞豐富生物多樣性的樂趣。故選D項?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)No.6063/6064中的“Villagerstakethetraintoselltheirvegetablesinnearbycountiestoaddtotheirfamilies’income.(村民們乘火車到附近的縣里賣蔬菜，增加家庭收入)”可知，在6063/6063號列車上人們可以體驗去賣蔬菜的村民的慢生活。故選B項?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RoyalScotsman中的“Withthefulllengthof1930kilometers,theRoyalScotsmanmarriesEdwardianelegancewiththecomfortsofafive-starcountryhouse.Thetrainincludeselegantlounges,comfortablesuites,andanopenobservationdeck.(全長1930公里，蘇格蘭皇家列車將愛德華時代的優(yōu)雅與五星級鄉(xiāng)村別墅的舒適結(jié)合在一起?；疖嚢▋?yōu)雅的休息室，舒適的套房，和一個開放的觀景臺)”可知，蘇格蘭皇家列車的特別之處在于其豪華程度，它的配置兼具優(yōu)雅和五星級的舒適。故選A項。BCyclinghasbecomemorethanahabitfor“GrannyMave,”asMavisPatersonisknown.Ithasbecomeessentialforherverybeing,herveryreasonforlivingafterallthreeofheradultchildrenpassedawaywithinfouryearsofeachother—Sandyin2012,Katiein2013andBobin2016.Itwasinmemoryofherchildrenthatthe85-year-oldgrandmothersetoutonherlatestendurancechallengeinMay,cycling1,000milesaroundScotland,beginningfromtheMullofGalloway,beforeheadingnorth,tracingtheoutlineofthecountryuntilshereachedtheMullofGallowayagain.“IfIdidn’thavemybicycle,andthisisterribletosay,Idon’tthinkIwouldwanttolive,”shetoldCNNSport.PatersoncycledeverydayforamontharoundScotland,navigatingitsundulating(起伏的)landscape,exposedroadsandunpredictableweather.Everyday,shewokeupearlyandsetoutriding—coveringupto50milesaday—andraisingmoneyforBritish-basedcharityMacmillanCancerSupport.Cyclinghasprovidedsomecomfort,somewayforhertocopewithunimaginableloss.Allalongtheroute,Patersonrecalledothercyclistscomingouttokeephercompany,offering“terrificsupport,”someofthemridingwithherforseveraldaysatatime.SuchsupportwasaconstantthroughoutPaterson’sodyssey(跋涉)acrossScotland,endinginacrowdatthefinishlinewhohadgatheredtocheerheron.“Iknowpeoplehavegotontheirbikesandthought,‘Ifthatoldladycandoit,Icandoit.’Andalsopeoplewhohavebeenabitdepressedandthought,‘Ohgosh,Ishouldn’tbelikethis.LookatpoorMave,she’slostallherchildren.’Soalotofpeoplehavetakenupcyclingbecauseofmycycleridesandjustinspiredpeopleapparently,”shesaid.4.WhydidPatersonstarthercyclingaroundScotland?A.Tokeepexerciseandimproveherhealth.B.Totakeupthehobbyofherthreechildren.C.Torecoverfromthedeathofherchildren.D.TobetheoldestladytoridearoundScotland.5.WhatcanwesayaboutthecyclingaroundScotland?A.Itishighlyprofitableandwell-received.B.Itrequiresgreateffortanddetermination.C.Itneedsprofessionaltrainingandequipment.D.Itaimstoraisemoneyforthedisabledpeople.6.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.ThesupportPatersonaskedothersfor.B.SomeachievementsPatersonachieved.C.ThechallengesPatersonsetforherself.D.ThefriendshipPatersongotalongtheway.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribePaterson?A.Acyclist. B.Asponsor. C.Ahopelessmother. D.Aninspiration.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了上了年紀(jì)的MavisPaterson騎行的故事，她通過騎行從自己的孩子相繼去世的悲痛中恢復(fù)過來，還在騎行過程中為慈善機構(gòu)籌集善款，她在沿途中也收獲了友誼，并成為激勵他人的人物?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Cyclinghasbecomemorethanahabitfor“GrannyMave,”asMavisPatersonisknown.Ithasbecomeessentialforherverybeing,herveryreasonforlivingafterallthreeofheradultchildrenpassedawaywithinfouryearsofeachother(騎自行車已經(jīng)不僅僅是被稱為“Mave奶奶”的MavisPaterson的一種習(xí)慣。在她的三個成年子女相繼在四年內(nèi)去世后，這已經(jīng)成為她生存的必要條件和理由)”可知，Paterson開始騎自行車環(huán)游蘇格蘭是為了從她的孩子相繼去世中恢復(fù)過來。故選C項。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“PatersoncycledeverydayforamontharoundScotland,navigatingitsundulating(起伏的)landscape,exposedroadsandunpredictableweather.(Paterson連續(xù)一個月每天騎車環(huán)繞蘇格蘭，穿梭于起伏的地形、裸露的道路和變幻莫測的天氣之中)”可知，騎行蘇格蘭需要面對不太理想的自然環(huán)境，地形、道路狀況、天氣都不是很有利于騎行。由此可知，這需要很大的努力和決心。故選B項。【6題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中“Allalongtheroute,Patersonrecalledothercyclistscomingouttokeephercompany,offering“terrificsupport,”someofthemridingwithherforseveraldaysatatime.SuchsupportwasaconstantthroughoutPaterson’sodyssey(跋涉)acrossScotland,endinginacrowdatthefinishlinewhohadgatheredtocheerheron.(Paterson回憶說，一路上，其他騎自行車的人都出來陪伴她，提供“極好的支持”，其中一些人一次和她一起騎了好幾天。在Paterson穿越蘇格蘭的跋涉中，這樣的支持一直持續(xù)著，直到在終點線的人群聚集在一起為她加油)”可知，本段主要描述了Paterson騎行過程中收獲的友誼，有些人陪著她一起騎行，還有人在終點處為她加油。故選D項。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Paterson所說的話“Iknowpeoplehavegotontheirbikesandthought,‘Ifthatoldladycandoit,Icandoit.’Andalsopeoplewhohavebeenabitdepressedandthought,‘Ohgosh,Ishouldn’tbelikethis.LookatpoorMave,she’slostallherchildren.’Soalotofpeoplehavetakenupcyclingbecauseofmycycleridesandjustinspiredpeopleapparently(我知道人們騎上自行車后會想，‘如果那個老太太能做到，我也能做到?！€有一些人有些沮喪，他們會想，‘哦，天哪，我不應(yīng)該這樣?？纯纯蓱z的Mave，她失去了所有的孩子。’所以很多人都開始騎自行車了，因為我騎自行車，這顯然激勵了人們)”可知，Paterson的騎行經(jīng)歷激勵了一些人嘗試騎行，也讓一些沮喪的人恢復(fù)精神，對他們起到了激勵的作用。因此，她是個鼓舞人心的人。故選D項。COnenighttwomillenniaago,aHanDynastygeneralsentasquare-shapedcollectionofbambooandclothintotheairaboveenemyterritoryincentralChina.Hewastryingtomeasurehowmuchearthhismenwouldneedtotunnelthroughtoteartheirenemies’defenseline.Itisoneofthemostfamousearlystoriesofkite-flying.SimilardeviceswerelaterusedbyotherChinesearmies;theylaunchedthemafterdarkinwhippingwindsinhopesthatthenoisewouldscareoffenemies,andusedthemtodeliverthreatsviamissives(信函)tiedtothekites’tails.Today,ofcourse,thesedelicateaircraft—builtfromlightwoodorplasticframesshapedtocreatelift,coveredinathinmaterialsuchaspaperorsilk,andpilotedvialongstrings—areconsideredastoys.Inthe1990sandearly2000s,kite-flyingexperiencedaboomintheAmericanWestandpartsofEurope,dueinparttothepopularizationofkitessurfing.Groupsofkitersbegantotakeinterestinitslore(知識).Thusawaveofyoungerartistshavebeeninspiredtopioneernewforms.InAustria,AnnaRubin,oftenemploysancientmethodsforherart,includinghand-splittingthebamboofortheframesandusinghand-pressednaturalfibrestocoverthem.Shewantstocarryontraditionsshefearsmaybelostbyaculturefixatedonthefuture,butshe’sequallyinspiredbythejoyofwork.“Everyoneshould,onceintheirlife,makeakiteandflyit,”shesays.AndinNewYork,visualartistsJacobHashimoto,assemblesmassiveinstallationsfromdozensofpalm-sizekitestohangfromtheceilingofhisstudioorgallery.Heinherited(繼承)hisinterestinkite-makingfromhisfather.“Thekite-makingisapan-culturalpracticethatmakesitabeautiful,democraticthing,”hesays.“Inmanyways,it’saglobalproperty—weallowntherelationshipbetweenusandthesky.”Theirworkisareminderthatkitesofferusameanstodefygravity.Inthehandsawillingflier,theygiveusawayupandout.8.WhatwasthekiteusedforinancientChina?A.Atoolofwarfare. B.Akindofrecreation.C.Asignofgoodluck. D.Awayofcommunication.9.Whataretoday’skiteslike?A.Theyarelightlystructured. B.TheyarewidelyusedinEurope.C.TheyarelesspopularinChina. D.Theyareconsideredasascience.10.WhatmadeAnnakeepthetraditionofkite-making?A.ThepopularityofkitesinAustria.B.HerenthusiasminChineseculture.C.Herfather’sencouragementandsupport.D.Itspleasureandhersenseofresponsibility.11.WhydoestheauthormentionAnnaandJacob?A.Toremindusthatkiteswilllosetheirculturalvalueinthefuture.B.Totellussomeyoungartistsaretakingkite-makingtonewheights.C.Tolistsomeexamplesofthedifficultiespromotingkitesintheworld.D.Toshowthatonlyafewpeopleconsiderkitesworthyofpreservation.【答案】8.A9.A10.D11.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了風(fēng)箏的歷史、發(fā)展和現(xiàn)代應(yīng)用，特別強調(diào)了風(fēng)箏作為一種文化和藝術(shù)形式的價值?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“SimilardeviceswerelaterusedbyotherChinesearmies;theylaunchedthemafterdarkinwhippingwindsinhopesthatthenoisewouldscareoffenemies,andusedthemtodeliverthreatsviamissives(信函)tiedtothekites’tails.(類似的裝置后來被其他中國軍隊使用；他們在天黑后冒著大風(fēng)放風(fēng)箏，希望聲音能嚇跑敵人，并把它們綁在風(fēng)箏的尾巴上，通過它們來傳遞威脅)”可知，在中國古代風(fēng)箏是戰(zhàn)爭工具。故選A項。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Today,ofcourse,thesedelicateaircraft—builtfromlightwoodorplasticframesshapedtocreatelift,coveredinathinmaterialsuchaspaperorsilk,andpilotedvialongstrings—areconsideredastoys.(當(dāng)然，今天，這些精致的飛行器——由輕質(zhì)木材或塑料框架制成，可以產(chǎn)生升力，覆蓋著薄材料，如紙或絲綢，并通過長繩操控——被認(rèn)為是玩具)”可知，現(xiàn)在的風(fēng)箏制作材料得到改良，結(jié)構(gòu)輕盈。故選A項?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Shewantstocarryontraditionsshefearsmaybelostbyaculturefixatedonthefuture,butshe’sequallyinspiredbythejoyofwork.(她擔(dān)心我們著眼于未來的文化可能會讓這一傳統(tǒng)消失，她想要延續(xù)傳統(tǒng)，但工作的樂趣同樣激勵著她)”可推知，安娜想要延續(xù)傳統(tǒng)，這體現(xiàn)了一種責(zé)任，同時，她從制作風(fēng)箏中找到了樂趣。所以是樂趣和她的責(zé)任感讓安娜保持做風(fēng)箏的傳統(tǒng)。故選D項。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thusawaveofyoungerartistshavebeeninspiredtopioneernewforms.InAustria,AnnaRubin,oftenemploysancientmethodsforherart,includinghand-splittingthebamboofortheframesandusinghand-pressednaturalfibrestocoverthem.(因此，一批年輕的藝術(shù)家受到啟發(fā)，開創(chuàng)了新的藝術(shù)形式。在奧地利，安娜·魯賓經(jīng)常采用古老的方法進(jìn)行藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作，包括手工劈開竹子制作框架，并用手工壓制的天然纖維覆蓋框架)”和第五段中“AndinNewYork,visualartistsJacobHashimoto,assemblesmassiveinstallationsfromdozensofpalm-sizekitestohangfromtheceilingofhisstudioorgallery.Heinherited(繼承)hisinterestinkite-makingfromhisfather.(在紐約，視覺藝術(shù)家雅各布·橋本將幾十只手掌大小的風(fēng)箏組裝成大型裝置，掛在他的工作室或畫廊的天花板上。他從父親那里繼承了制作風(fēng)箏的興趣)”可知，安娜通過使用古老的方法和手工制作的材料來保持傳統(tǒng)，而雅各布則通過創(chuàng)作大型風(fēng)箏裝置藝術(shù)來擴展風(fēng)箏的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)形式。這些例子說明了風(fēng)箏制作不僅僅是一種傳統(tǒng)的娛樂或工具，而且可以被年輕藝術(shù)家們創(chuàng)新和提升，將其制作推向新的高度。故選B項。DVitaminCforacold?AgooddoseofVitaminDonasunnyday?Weallknowthatvitaminsarecriticalforourhealth,buthowdidtheygettheirnamesandwhenweretheydiscoveredinthefirstplace?AmericannutritionscientistElmerMcCullumconductedavarietyoffeedexperimentswithdifferentanimalpopulationsanddiscoveredthatan“accessory”substancecontainedinsomefatswasessentialtogrowth.Thatfat-soluble(脂溶的)substancebecameknownasVitamin“A”for“accessory.”McCollumandothersalsoconductedfurtherexperimentswithrice-bran-derivednutrient,namingitVitamin“B”afterberiberi,whichcancauseheartfailureandalossofsensationinthelegsandfeet.Eventually,itturnedoutthatthesubstanceknownasVitaminBwasacomplexofeightwater-solublevitamins,whichwereeachgivenindividualnamesandnumberedinorderofdiscovery.Thecustomofnamingvitaminsalphabeticallyinorderofdiscoverycontinued.Today,fourfat-solublevitamins(A,D,E,andK)andninewater-solublevitamins(VitaminCandtheeightBvitamins)areconsideredessentialtohumangrowthandhealth.Onlyonevitaminbuckedtheoh-so-logicalnamingsystem:VitaminK,discoveredbyDanishresearcherCarlPeterHenrikDamin1929.ThesubstanceshouldhavebeeninlinetobecalledVitaminFgivenitsdiscoverydate.ButDam’sresearchrevealedthatthevitaminisessentialforbloodcoagulation(凝固)—knownasKoagulationintheGermanjournalthatpublishedhisresearch—andhisabbreviationforthevitaminsomehowstuck.It’sbeendecadessincethelastessentialvitamin—VitaminB12—wasdiscoveredin1948.Itnowappearsunlikelythatscientistswilleverdiscoveranewessentialvitamin.Butevenifthere’snoVitaminForGinourfuture,thatdoesn’tmeannutritionaldiscoveryhasstoppedcompletely.Ifthegoldenageofvitamindiscoverywasanappetizer(開胃菜)ofsorts,scientistsaredevotedtothemaincourse—arapidlyevolvingunderstandingofthewaysfoodshapesourlives,onemicroscopicsubstanceatatime.12.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2andparagraph3?A.VitaminAisawater-solublesubstance.B.VitaminBwasnamedafterakindofdisease.C.TheeightBvitaminsgotnamesfromtheirfunctions.D.ThesubjectsofMcCullum’sexperimentsarehome.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bucked”meaninparagraph4?A.Created. B.Destroyed. C.Broke. D.Followed.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardnutritionresearch?A.Indifferent. B.Unclear. C.Doubtful. D.Confident.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A.HowDoVitaminsInfluenceOurHealth?B.WhoDiscoveredVariousVitaminsforUs?C.WhyIsThereaVitaminKbutNoVitaminF?D.HowManyVitaminsAreStillLefttoBeDiscovered?【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了維生素的名稱由來和被發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程，說明其命名是按發(fā)現(xiàn)的先后順序編號的，并解釋了維生素K沒有按該邏輯被命名為維生素F的原因?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“McCollumandothersalsoconductedfurtherexperimentswithrice-bran-derivednutrient,namingitVitamin“B”afterberiberi,whichcancauseheartfailureandalossofsensationinthelegsandfeet.(McCollum和其他人還對米糠衍生的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的實驗，并將其命名為維生素“B”，以腳氣病命名，這種病會導(dǎo)致心力衰竭，腿部和腳部感覺喪失)”可知，維生素B是以腳氣病這種疾病命名的。故選B項。【13題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞的下文“theoh-so-logicalnamingsystem:VitaminK,discoveredbyDanishresearcherCarlPeterHenrikDamin1929.ThesubstanceshouldhavebeeninlinetobecalledVitaminFgivenitsdiscoverydate.ButDam’sresearchrevealedthatthevitaminisessentialforbloodcoagulation(凝固)—knownasKoagulationintheGermanjournalthatpublishedhisresearch—andhisabbreviationforthevitaminsomehowstuck.(太有邏輯的命名系統(tǒng)：維生素K，由丹麥研究員CarlPeterHenrikDam于1929年發(fā)現(xiàn)。考慮到它的發(fā)現(xiàn)日期，這種物質(zhì)應(yīng)該被稱為維生素F。但Dam的研究表明，這種維生素對血液凝固至關(guān)重要——在發(fā)表他的研究的德國雜志上被稱為Koagulation——他對這種維生素的縮寫不知何故被沿用了下來)”可知，此處解釋維生素K沒有按照之前的邏輯被命名為維生素F的原因。由此可知，維生素K實際上是違背了原先太有邏輯的命名系統(tǒng)，畫線詞意思應(yīng)該與broke“違反，違背”相近。故選C項?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Butevenifthere’snoVitaminForGinourfuture,thatdoesn’tmeannutritionaldiscoveryhasstoppedcompletely.Ifthegoldenageofvitamindiscoverywasanappetizer(開胃菜)ofsorts,scientistsaredevotedtothemaincourse—arapidlyevolvingunderstandingofthewaysfoodshapesourlives,onemicroscopicsubstanceatatime.(但即使未來沒有維生素F或G，也不意味著營養(yǎng)學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)完全停止了。如果說維生素發(fā)現(xiàn)的黃金時代是某種開胃菜，那么科學(xué)家們正致力于主菜——對食物如何塑造我們生活的快速發(fā)展的理解，一次一種微觀物質(zhì))”可知，作者認(rèn)為營養(yǎng)學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)仍在進(jìn)行，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的研究甚至比維生素發(fā)現(xiàn)的黃金時代更為重要，可以幫助理解食物如何塑造我們生活。由此可知，作者對營養(yǎng)學(xué)的研究充滿信心。故選D項。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Weallknowthatvitaminsarecriticalforourhealth,buthowdidtheygettheirnamesandwhenweretheydiscoveredinthefirstplace?(我們都知道維生素對我們的健康至關(guān)重要，但它們的名字是怎么來的，又是什么時候被發(fā)現(xiàn)的呢)”可知，文章主要圍繞維生素的名稱由來和被發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程展開，說明其命名是按發(fā)現(xiàn)的先后順序編號的，并解釋了維生素K沒有按該邏輯被命名為維生素F的原因。因此，C項“為什么有維生素K卻沒有維生素F？”以問題的形式吸引讀者對維生素名稱由來的好奇，抓住了文章的關(guān)鍵信息，最適合作為標(biāo)題。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Thesecrettostressrelief:Whyrestisn’tawasteoftimeStressisamodernepidemic,butamongallthestressmanagementstrategiesweareforgettingoneessentialremedy(療法)—takingtimeforrest.Foralongtime,psychologistsfocusedalmostexclusivelyonwhatwentonbetweenourears.___16___Thatwasthefieldofmedicaldoctors,physiotherapistsandgyminstructors.Recently,however,therehasbeenagrowingrealizationthatthebodyandmindaredeeplyconnectedwitheachother.Themostrecentinsightshaverevealedthatourmentalhealthisdeterminedtoalargeextentbyourphysicalcondition.Studieshaveshownthatourbrainprocesses“psychological”pain—suchasthekindthatarisesoutofsocialexclusion—thesamewayitdoesphysicalpain.___17___It’sapparentthatthereisnocleardivisionbetweenbodyandmindinthecaseofstress.Yousuffermorefromstresswhenyouaresufferingfromaflu.Ifyouhaveabadnight’ssleep,everythingismorestressfulthenextday.Butgoodnewsisthatyoucancombatitbylookingafteryourbody.___18___Ahealthysleepingpatternalsooffersprotectionagainsallkindsofpsychologicaldisorders,andahealthydietisknowntoreducestress.Whenyoudecidetodosomethingaboutyourstresslevels,itdoesn’tnecessarilymeanyouhavetoturnyourwholelifeupsidedown—quityourjob,movetoanothercountryandsoforth.___19___Momentsofrestandrelaxationoughttooccupyamoresignificantplaceinourlives.Theseimportantmomentsshouldnotberegardedasakindof“breather”inbetweenjobsbutasanaturalandfundamentalpartofourwayoflife.___20___Weneedtoseeitascrucialtimethatweusetobuildupourreserves.Itisonlywhenwefullyembracerestthatwewillbeabletotakeastandagainststressandburnout.A.Thebodywasnottheirresponsibility.B.Thefirststepistotakebettercareofyourbody,instead.C.Infact,youcaneventakeanaspirinforthatkindofpain.D.Forexample,physicalexercisehelpstorelievedepression.E.Youshouldaskifthehealthproblemsarecausedbystress.F.Theyallconcentrateonlyonanxiety,depressionandassuch.G.Gettingenoughrestisnotjustsomethingweshoulddowhenweareexhausted.【答案】16.A17.C18.D19.B20.G【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了休息對于緩解壓力的重要性，并強調(diào)了身心之間的聯(lián)系。【16題詳析】上文“Foralongtime,psychologistsfocusedalmostexclusivelyonwhatwentonbetweenourears.(很長一段時間以來，心理學(xué)家?guī)缀踔魂P(guān)注我們耳朵之間發(fā)生的事情)”提出心理學(xué)家只關(guān)注“耳朵之間發(fā)生的事情”，即“大腦里發(fā)生的事情”，A項“Thebodywasnottheirresponsibility.(身體不是他們的責(zé)任)”與上文語意一致，說明心理學(xué)家只關(guān)心大腦，不關(guān)心身體。同時下文“Thatwasthefieldofmedicaldoctors,physiotherapistsandgyminstructors.(那是醫(yī)生、理療師和健身教練的領(lǐng)域)”說明心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為“身體”是醫(yī)生、理療師和健身教練的領(lǐng)域，上下文語意連貫。故選A項。【17題詳析】上文“Studieshaveshownthatourbrainprocesses“psychological”pain—suchasthekindthatarisesoutofsocialexclusion—thesamewayitdoesphysicalpain.(研究表明，我們的大腦處理“心理”疼痛——比如由于社會排斥而產(chǎn)生的疼痛——的方式與處理身體疼痛的方式相同)”提出大腦處理“心理”疼痛的身體疼痛的方式相同，C項“Infact,youcaneventakeanaspirinforthatkindofpain.(事實上，你甚至可以吃一片阿司匹林來緩解這種疼痛)”承接上文，指出吃阿司匹林這種緩解身體疼痛的方式也可以用來緩解“心理”疼痛，與上文語意一致，前后文語意連貫。故選C項?！?8題詳析】下文“Ahealthysleepingpatternalsooffersprotectionagainsallkindsofpsychologicaldisorders,andahealthydietisknowntoreducestress.(健康的睡眠模式也可以預(yù)防各種心理障礙，健康的飲食可以減輕壓力)”中例舉了幾種預(yù)防各種心理障礙和緩解壓力的方式，結(jié)合句中“also”可知，上下文之間是并列關(guān)系，說明上文中會提到一種方式。D項“Forexample,physicalexercisehelpstorelievedepression.(例如，體育鍛煉有助于緩解抑郁)”提出體育鍛煉有助于緩解抑郁，與下文構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。同時這些舉例照應(yīng)前文“Butgoodnewsisthatyoucancombatitbylookingafteryourbody.(但好消息是，你可以通過照顧好自己的身體來對抗它)”，是對其中如何“照顧好自己的身體”的舉例說明。故選D項?！?9題詳析】上文“Whenyoudecidetodosomethingaboutyourstresslevels,

itdoesn’tnecessarilymeanyouhavetoturnyourwholelifeupsidedown—quityourjob,movetoanothercountryandsoforth.(當(dāng)你決定對你的壓力水平做些什么時，這并不意味著你必須徹底改變你的生活——辭職，搬到另一個國家等等)”否定了一些極端的做法，B項“Thefirststepistotakebettercareofyourbody,instead.(相反，第一步是更好地照顧你的身體)”與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，給出正確的建議，下文“Momentsofrestandrelaxationoughttooccupyamoresignificantplaceinourlives.(休息和放松的時刻應(yīng)該在我們的生活中占據(jù)更重要的位置)”承接B項，說明如何更好地照顧你的身體，上下文語意連貫。故選B項。【20題詳析】根據(jù)指代關(guān)系和下文“Weneedtoseeitascrucialtimethatweusetobuildupourreserves.(我們需要將其視為建立儲備的時間)”中指示代詞“it”可推知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)出現(xiàn)其指代對象，G項“Gettingenoughrestisnotjustsomethingweshoulddowhenweareexhausted.(得到足夠的休息不僅僅是我們在疲憊的時候應(yīng)該做的事情)”中“Gettingenoughrest”即其指代對象，是下文所說的“建立儲備的時間”，上下文語意連貫。故選G項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。TemplerwasatourguideinZimbabwe,leadingacanoe(皮劃艇)safaridowntheZambeziRiver.Duringtheexpedition,Templer’scanoe___21___theway,withtheothertwocanoestofollow.Thingsweregoingthewaytheyweresupposedtogo.Everyonewashavingaprettygoodtime.Eventually,they___22___adozenhippos,whichwereterritorialanimals.That’snot___23___ontheZambezi,Africa’sfourth-longestriver.Theyweren’talarmedatfirstastheywereatasafe___24___.Templertriedtosteer(率領(lǐng))thegroupsafelyaroundthem.However,thethirdcanoewasofftheplanned___25___andwasattackedbyanaggressivehippo.TheguidenamedEvansonthecanoefellintothewater.Templerwentto___26___him.HewasgettingclosertoEvans.Hewas___27___—itwaskindofamade-for-Hollywoodmovie—Evanswasreachingup.Their___28___almosttouched.Andthenthewaterbetweenthemjust___29___.Beforeheknewit,Templerwasuptohiswaistdownahippo’sthroat.Hislegsweretrappedbuthishandswere____30____.Sohetriedtoholdontothehippo’stusks(長牙)to____31____beingtornapart.Thehippomusthavebeenuncomfortablebecauseitspathimout.Sohequicklybursttothe____32____,andbreathedsomefreshair.Withothers’help,TemplerandEvansmadeitoutoftheriver.Despitetheunpleasantexperience,Templer____33____toworkasatourguide.Healsobecameanadvocateforhippo____34____,recognizingthattheanimalswerenotinherentlyaggressivebutwere____35____defendingtheirterritory.21.A.made B.found C.led D.wound22.A.encountered B.interrupted C.saved D.killed23.A.unfortunate B.unexpected C.uncertain D.unnecessary24.A.speed B.angle C.vision D.distance25.A.line B.control C.course D.duty26.A.watch B.comfort C.stop D.rescue27.A.leaningover B.turningaway C.lookingup D.calmingdown28.A.hearts B.fingers C.heads D.thoughts29.A.appeared B.flowed C.froze D.erupted30.A.free B.empty C.hurt D.skinny31.A.risk B.avoid C.permit D.finish32.A.surface B.bottom C.bank D.sky33.A.hoped B.continued C.refused D.hesitated34.A.habitat B.safety C.conservation D.suffering35.A.readily B.finally C.casually D.simply【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.C26.D27.A28.B29.D30.A31.B32.A33.B34.C35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了導(dǎo)游坦普勒在贊比亞帶領(lǐng)皮劃艇隊游獵時遭遇河馬的一次驚險經(jīng)歷?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在這次探險中，坦普勒的獨木舟走在前面帶路，另外兩只獨木舟跟在后面。A.made制造；B.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.led帶路；D.wound受傷。根據(jù)上文“Templerwasatourguide”和下文“withtheothertwocanoestofollow.”可知，坦普勒是導(dǎo)游，所以他的獨木舟在前面帶路。故選C項。【22題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，他們遇到了十幾頭河馬，它們是領(lǐng)地動物。A.encountered遭遇；B.interrupted中斷；C.saved拯救；D.killed殺死。根據(jù)第三段中“Templertriedtosteer(率領(lǐng))thegroupsafelyaroundthem.However,thethirdcanoewasofftheplannedandwasattackedbyanaggressivehippo.”可知，他們遇到了河馬。故選A項?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這在非洲第四大河贊比西河上并不意外。A.unfortunate不幸的；B.unexpected意外的；C.uncertain不確定的；D.unnecessary不必要的。結(jié)合常識和下文“ontheZambezi,Africa’sfourth-longestriver”可推知，贊比西河是非洲第四大河，所以在河中遇到河馬并不意外；notunexpected“并不是意外”。故選B項?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們一開始并沒有驚慌，因為他們在一個安全的距離。A.speed速度；B.angle角度；C.vision視覺；D.distance距離。根據(jù)上文“Theyweren’talarmedatfirst”可推知，因為與河馬之間有一個安全的距離，所以他們并不驚慌。故選D項?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，第三艘獨木舟偏離了計劃的路線，被一頭好斗的河馬襲擊了。A.line線；B.control控制；C.course路線；D.duty職責(zé)。根據(jù)下文“wasattackedbyanaggressivehippo”可推知，第三艘獨木舟偏離了計劃的安全路線，遭到河馬襲擊。故選C項?！?6題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：坦普勒去救他。A.watch觀察；B.comfort安慰；C.stop停止；D.rescue救援。根據(jù)上文“TheguidenamedEvansonthecanoefellintothewater”和下文“HewasgettingclosertoEvans.”可知，坦普勒要去救落水的埃文斯。故選D項?！?7題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他俯下身子——這有點像好萊塢電影——埃文斯伸出手來。A.leaningover俯身；B.turningaway轉(zhuǎn)身離開；C.lookingup抬頭看；D.calmingdown冷靜下來。根據(jù)下文“Evanswasreachingup”可推知，獨木舟里的坦普勒俯身去拉伸出手的埃文斯。故選A項。【28題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的手指幾乎碰在了一起。A.hearts心臟；B.fingers手指；C.heads頭；D.thoughts思想。根據(jù)上文“Evanswasreachingup.”可知，埃文斯伸出手，坦普勒要去拉他，所以是他們的手指幾乎碰在了一起。故選B項?！?9題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他們之間的水就炸開了。A.appeared出現(xiàn)；B.flowed流動；C.froze凍結(jié)；D.erupted爆發(fā)。根據(jù)下文“Beforeheknewit,Templerwasuptohiswaistdownahippo’sthroat.”可推知，在坦普勒就要夠到埃文斯的時候，水面炸開了，因為河馬咬到了埃文斯。故選D項。【30題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他的腿被困住了，但雙手是自由的。A.free自由；B.empty空的；C.hurt受傷；D.skinny瘦的。根據(jù)下文“Sohetriedtoholdontothehippo’stusks”可知，埃文斯的腿被咬住，但手是自由的，可以去抓河馬的牙。故選A項?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：所以他試圖抓住河馬的牙，以免被撕扯開。A.risk冒險；B.avoid避免；C.permit允許；D.finish完成。根據(jù)下文“beingtornapart”可推知，埃文斯抓河馬的牙是為了避免被河馬撕開。故選B項。【32題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：于是，他迅速浮出水面，呼吸了一些新鮮空氣。A.surface水面；B.bottom底部；C.bank銀行；D.sky天空。根據(jù)下文“breathedsomefreshair”可知，埃文斯浮出水面呼吸空氣。故選A項。【33題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管有不愉快的經(jīng)歷，坦普勒還是繼續(xù)當(dāng)導(dǎo)游。A.hoped希望；B.continued繼續(xù)；C.refused拒絕；D.hesitated猶豫。根據(jù)“Despite”可知，上下文有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，盡管經(jīng)歷了不愉快，但坦普勒繼續(xù)當(dāng)導(dǎo)游。故選B項。【34題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他還成為河馬保護(hù)的倡導(dǎo)者，認(rèn)識到這種動物本身并不具有攻擊性，而只是在捍衛(wèi)自己的領(lǐng)地。A.habitat棲息地；B.safety安全；C.conservation保護(hù)；D.suffering痛苦。根據(jù)上文“advocate”和下文“theanimalswerenotinherentlyaggressive”可知，坦普勒意識到河馬并不是天生具有攻擊性，相反是需要保護(hù)的動物，所以他成為河馬保護(hù)的倡導(dǎo)者。故選C項。【35題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他還成為河馬保護(hù)的倡導(dǎo)者，認(rèn)識到這種動物本身并不具有攻擊性，而只是在捍衛(wèi)自己的領(lǐng)地。A.readily輕易地；B.finally最后；C.casually隨意地；D.simply僅僅，只。根據(jù)上