2022年福建省莆田市第一中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題

莆田一中2021~2022學(xué)年度下學(xué)期期末考試試卷第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AJobPostingWelcometoourschool!Weareexcitedthatyouarethinkingaboutopportunitiestoworkwithus.Seebelowforaquickglanceatwhatthejobislikeandtheimpactyoucouldhaveonthechildren.JobPostingTitle:AssistanttoSummerSchoolStaffJobType:Part-time/Full-timeWorkingConditions:ElementaryschoolcampusWeeklyScheduledHours:Full-time40Part-time20EarliestStartDate:ImmediatelyPositionDuration:ExpectedtocontinueuntilAug31,2022Salary:Part-time$15hourlyFull-time$20hourlyWorkingHours:9:00a.m.—5:00p.m.Responsibilities*Watchoverandcareforchildrenin5—12yearsrange.*Assistinimplementinglessonplans,preparationandclean-upofmaterials,andwatchingoverchildrenbothindoorsandoutdoors.*Maintainahealthyandsafeenvironmentforchildrenthatobeyschildlicensinghealthrequirementsandguidelinesforqualitycare.*Otherrelatedfunctionsasassigned.ApplicationRequirements*Resume(簡歷).*Highschoolcertificateorabove.*MailingyourapplicationformtousbyJun10,2022.*Minimumofsixmonthsofexperienceworkingwithchildrenaged5—12years.*Threeprofessionalreferencelettersrequired;atleastonefromateacher.1.Whatisanassistantrequiredtodo?A.Designlessonplans. B.Safeguardchildren.C.Workthenightshift. D.Teachacademiclessons.2.Whichoffollowingwillresultindisqualification?A.Preparingapersonalresume. B.Havingworkexperience.C.Submittingonerecommendationletter. D.Beinganundergraduatestudent.3.What’stheweeklyincomeofafull-timeassistant?A.$300. B.$400. C.$600. D.$800.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一篇暑期學(xué)校教職員助理的招聘公告，介紹了工作內(nèi)容、職責(zé)和薪資等情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Responsibilities部分中“*Watchoverandcareforchildrenin5—12yearsrange.(*照顧5-12歲兒童)”以及“*Maintainahealthyandsafeenvironmentforchildrenthatobeyschildlicensing,healthrequirementsandguidelinesforqualitycare.(*為兒童保持健康和安全的環(huán)境，并遵守兒童許可證、健康要求和優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理準(zhǔn)則)”可知，助理需要保護(hù)兒童。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一部分中“*Threeprofessionalreferencelettersrequired;atleastonefromateacher.(*需要三份專業(yè)推薦信；至少有一個(gè)來自老師)”可知，提交一封推薦信會(huì)導(dǎo)致取消資格。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Salary:Part-time$15hourly；Full-time$20hourly(工資：兼職每小時(shí)15美元；全職每小時(shí)20美元)”以及“WeeklyScheduledHours:Full-time40Part-time20(每周工作時(shí)間：全職40小時(shí)，兼職20小時(shí))”可知，全職助理的周收入是20×40=800美元。故選D。BTiredofunderpaidjobsandinconvenienthours,threeentrepreneurial(富于企業(yè)家精神的)McLeanteensdecidedtostarttheirowncompany.Theirnewcompany,TeenServ,aimstosolveteenageunemploymentwithaplatformthatmatchesstudentsandcommunitymemberswhoneedshort-termassistancewithvarioustasks.ThroughTeenServ,residentssignuptopostjobstheyneeddone.Teenssigneduptoworkcanchoosetoacceptajobdependingontheirschedulesandworkpreferences.Websiteuserscanpickupshiftswhereverandwhenevertheywant,makingitconvenientforhecticschedulesAyearago,JackLannin,QuinFrewandBenJeannotworkedaslifeguardsatalocalpool.LannintoldTysonsReporterthattheywereupsetwhenapaychange“almostcuttheirsalaryinhalf,”andtheywantedtofindanotherjobbuttherewerefewoptions.ThentheycameupwiththeideaforTeenServ.“Asidefromgettingarealjob,refereeing(擔(dān)任裁判)sportsoryardwork,thereisn’treallyagoodwaytomakemoney,”Lanninsaid,addingthatevenbecomingarefereerequiresasignificantstart-upcostforteens—around$70—topayfortrainingandauniform.Theystartedoutbygoingdoortodoorandaskingcommunitymembersiftheywouldpayteensfairwagesforshort-termyardwork.Soonenough,theybegangatheringopportunities.WithhelpfromanentrepreneurshipclassatMcLeanHighSchoolandfeedbackfromteens,thestudentswereabletoturntheirideaintoareality.Sofar,thewebsitehasemployedmorethan200teens,accordingtoLannin.TeenServpaysstudentsupto$18perhour-wellaboveVirginia’sminimumwageof$7.25.ThebusinessisfocusedonmostlyMcLeanfornow,butTeenServ’sownershopetoexpandaroundFairfaxCounty.Thatinvolvesbuildingupabaseofteenworkersbeforeallowingresidentstopostjobselsewhereinthecounty.Afterall,ifresidentsneedtime-specificjobsdone,theycan’tbetheoneswaiting.4.WhatisTeenServ’sgoal?A.Toincreasethenumberofteenworkers.B.Tohelpteensdecideontheirfuturecareer.C.Toencourageteenstostarttheirownbusiness.D.Toconnectcommunityemployerstolocalteens.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hectic”inparagraph2mean?A.Regular. B.Flexible. C.Traditional. D.Busy.6.Whatproblemdidthethreefounderscomeacrosslastyear?A.Theyfailedtofindapart-timejob.B.Theyreceivedasignificantpaycut.C.Theyobtainedlittlefundingfortheirstart-up.D.Theylostagameduetoareferee’sunfairdecision.7.Whatdothethreeownersplantodo?ACreatemoretime-specificjobs. B.RaiseVirginia’sminimumwage.C.GrowtheirbusinessoutsideofMcLean. D.AllowMcLeanresidentstopostjobselsewhere.【答案】4.D5.D6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了三個(gè)麥克萊恩的青少年，在厭倦了低薪和上班時(shí)間不便利的工作之后，決定創(chuàng)辦自己的公司，該公司旨在為社區(qū)的青少年提供更多的兼職和就業(yè)崗位?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theirnewcompany,TeenServeaimstosolveteenageunemploymentwithaplatformthatmatchesstudentsandcommunitymemberswhoneedshort-termassistancewithvarioustasksThroughTeenServe,residentssignuptopostjobstheyneeddone.”（他們的新公司TeenServe旨在解決青少年失業(yè)問題，通過一個(gè)平臺(tái)，為需要短期援助的學(xué)生和社區(qū)成員匹配各種任務(wù)。）可知，TeenServe的目的是幫助將社區(qū)雇主與當(dāng)?shù)厍嗌倌曷?lián)系起來。故答案選D?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前文中的“Theirnewcompany,TeenServeaimstosolveteenageunemploymentwithaplatformthatmatchesstudentsandcommunitymemberswhoneedshort-termassistancewithvarioustasksThroughTeenServe,residentssignuptopostjobstheyneeddone.”（他們的新公司TeenServe旨在解決青少年失業(yè)問題，通過一個(gè)平臺(tái)，為需要短期援助的學(xué)生和社區(qū)成員匹配各種任務(wù)。）同時(shí)根據(jù)本句中“Websiteuserscanpickupshiftswhereverandwhenevertheywant.”（網(wǎng)站用戶可以隨時(shí)隨地進(jìn)行換班），可知，網(wǎng)站用戶可以隨時(shí)隨地輪班，為繁忙的日程安排提供便利。D選項(xiàng)“busy”譯為“忙碌的”，與劃線單詞相符，故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ayearago,JackLannin,QuinFrewandBenJeannotworkedaslifeguardsatalocalpool.LanintoldTysonsReporterthattheywereupsetwhenapaychangealmostcuttheirsalaryinhalf.”（一年前，杰克·蘭寧、奎恩·弗魯和本·簡諾特在當(dāng)?shù)匾患矣斡境負(fù)?dān)任救生員。拉寧告訴泰森記者，他們對(duì)薪酬變化“幾乎使他們的薪水減半”感到不安），可知，去年他們所遇到的問題是：幾乎自己的薪酬減半。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段段首“ThebusinessisfocusedonmostlyMcLeanfornow,butTeenServe’sownershopetoexpandaroundFairfaxCounty.”（目前，TeenServe的業(yè)務(wù)主要集中在麥克萊恩，但其所有者希望在費(fèi)爾法克斯縣擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)。）可知，他們的公司業(yè)務(wù)主要集中在麥克萊恩，但是希望擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)至其他地區(qū)。故選C。CAbout20yearsago,some15,000redpandaswanderedthetreetopsoftheHimalayaforestsinSouthAsia.Butwiththelargenumberofpeopleenteringtheirhabitats,theseshyandsolitary(獨(dú)處的)creaturescan’tmeeteachotherandreproduce.Nowthepopulationhasdeclinedbymorethan50percent.Tosavetheredpandashere,Lamaandhisresearchteamneedtoknowwhichpartsoftheforeststheremainingpandasarelivingin.That’swherethetrackingdevicescomein.“Mappingthepaththeytravelwillletusknowwhichareasoftheforestneedtobereforestedtoconnectthemostredpandastooneanother,”Lamasays.Becauseredpandascanbehardtospotandcatch,noonehadeverusedGPScollarstostudytheminthewild.ButLamaandhisteamhadagreatplan.Theyfirstwouldmakesuretheanimalswouldbecomfortablewearingthecollars.So,theytestedthecollarsontworedpandasinalocalzoo.“Weconvincedthemtoletusmeasuretheirnecksandfitthemwiththecollarsbylettingthemchooseareward—grapes,apples,orbananas.”Lamasays.Thencamethenextchallenge:catchingredpandas.Oncetheyspottedaredpanda,ateamofvetssetupatall,fence-liketarp(油布)aroundthebaseofthetreewithaboxtrapatthebottom.Thatwaywhentheredpandaclimbeddownthetreesurroundedbythetarp,ithadnochoicebuttoenterthetrap.Itwasthenquicklycontrolled,collaredandreleased.FromSeptembertoDecember2019,theteamtrapped10redpandas—sixfemalesandfourmales.Theircollarsrecordedtheirlocationeverytwohoursandsenttheinformationtoresearchersonceaday.Overthenextyear,theteamtrackedtheredpandas’movementssothattheyidentifiedwheretoplantnewforestsandhelpedredpandasmeetmoreeasily.8.WhathasledtothesmallernumberofredpandasinSouthAsia?A.Theirnormallivesarebadlydisturbed.B.Theyaren’tadaptedtolivingingroups.C.Theirabilitytoreproduceisweakened.D.Theytrytoavoidmeetingeachother.9.Whydidtheresearchteamtrackthemovementsofredpandas?A.Tostudytheirlivingbehaviors.B.Toprotectthemfromhunters.C.Toknowwheretoplantforests.D.Tofindiftheycanoftenmeet.10.Howdidtheresearchteamconvinceredpandastowearcollars?A.Byofferingthemtreats. B.Byusingtraps.C.Bysettingtarps. D.Bymeasuringtheirnecks.11.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theresearchonredpandas’reproduction.B.Thecleverwaytokeeptrackofredpandas.C.Theshrinkingpopulationofredpandas.D.Thewayofbuildinghabitatsforredpandas.【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，本文主要介紹Lama及其研究團(tuán)隊(duì)通過給紅熊貓佩戴頸圈的方式追蹤紅熊貓，以便他們確定應(yīng)該在哪里種植新森林?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butwiththelargenumberofpeopleenteringtheirhabitats,theseshyandsolitary(獨(dú)處的)creaturescan’tmeeteachotherandreproduce.(但隨著大量的人進(jìn)入它們的棲息地，這些害羞和孤獨(dú)的生物無法相遇和繁殖)”可知，正常生活被嚴(yán)重干擾導(dǎo)致了南亞紅熊貓數(shù)量下降。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Tosavetheredpandashere,Lamaandhisresearchteamneedtoknowwhichpartsoftheforeststheremainingpandasarelivingin.That’swherethetrackingdevicescomein.(為了拯救這里的小熊貓，Lama和他的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)需要知道剩下的熊貓生活在森林的哪些部分。這就是追蹤設(shè)備的作用)”及最后一段中“Overthenextyear,theteamtrackedtheredpandas’movementssothattheyidentifiedwheretoplantnewforestsandhelpedredpandasmeetmoreeasily.(在接下來的一年里，研究小組跟蹤了小熊貓的活動(dòng)，以便他們確定在哪里種植新森林，并幫助小熊貓更容易見面)”可知，研究人員追蹤小熊貓是為了確定應(yīng)該在哪里種植森林。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“‘Weconvincedthemtoletusmeasuretheirnecksandfitthemwiththecollarsbylettingthemchooseareward—grapes,apples,orbananas.’Lamasays.(‘我們說服它們讓我們測量它們的脖子并安裝頸圈，讓它們選擇獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)——葡萄、蘋果或香蕉?！疞ama說)”可知，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)通過給紅熊貓?zhí)峁┦澄镒鳛楠?jiǎng)勵(lì)來使它們?cè)敢馀宕黝i圈。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合最后一段中“Overthenextyear,theteamtrackedtheredpandas’movementssothattheyidentifiedwheretoplantnewforestsandhelpedredpandasmeetmoreeasily.(在接下來的一年里，研究小組跟蹤了小熊貓的活動(dòng)，以便他們確定在哪里種植新森林，并幫助小熊貓更容易見面)”可知，本文主要介紹Lama及其研究團(tuán)隊(duì)通過給紅熊貓佩戴頸圈的方式追蹤紅熊貓，以便他們確定應(yīng)該在哪里種植新森林，故B項(xiàng)“追蹤紅熊貓的聰明辦法”能夠概括本文大意。故選B項(xiàng)。DItscarcelyseemssurprisingthatlearningtounderlineamodalverb,suchas“can”,and“may”,doeslittletohelpstudentsusethemeffectivelyintheirownwriting.Thesewordsareanywaygraspedbytinychildrenwithouttheneedtoknowwhattheyarecalled.Thismaytempttheconclusionthattheteachingofgrammarshouldbeshelvedaltogether.Buttherearereasonstoreformitratherthanthrowitaway.Understandingoflanguageispartofawidereducationinwhatmakeshumanbeingshuman.Howconceptsareturnedintosounds,andhowthosesoundscombinetoformcommandsorquestions,areissuesthathaveoccupiedmanylanguageexperts.Whattheyrevealaboutthemindhasexercisedpsychologistsandcognitive(認(rèn)知的)scientists.Therearepracticalreasonstoaskchildrentoworkhardatgrammar,too.Oneisthataknowledgeofitwillmakelearningaforeignlanguageeasier.Evenifyoudidknowbynaturehowtomakeclausesinyournativelanguagesasachild—justwithoutinstruction—gettingtogripswiththeminGermanorRussianinlateryearsissimplerifyouknowhowtodefineandspotthem.Asitis,manyEnglish-speakerscometounderstandgrammarbystudyingaforeignlanguage,ratherthantheotherwayround.Forgrammarianskeenonfuturejobs,thenatural-languageprocessingfieldisbooming.Aftermanyyearsofpoorresults,technologicalwizardshavedevelopedprogramsforautomatedtranslation,speechrecognitionandotherservicesthatareactuallyusable,iffarfromperfect.Thesetoolsmayrelymoreonknowledgeofartificialintelligencethanofthesubjunctive,butlinguistic(語言學(xué)的)expertisestillmatters,andmaygivebeginnersanedgeovercompetitorswhosebestlanguageisPython(編程).Grammarcouldstillbetaughtbetter.Onesmallstudyshowedimprovementinsomestudentswhenconceptsarelinkedconcretelytowritingtasks.Acookdoesnotneedtoknowchemistrytomakeadelicioussoup.Butthescienceofhowwordscombinetomakemeaningisfascinatingandfundamental.12.Whydosomepeopleconsiderstoppingteachinggrammar?A.Teachers’teachingmethodsarefarfromsatisfactory.B.It’sunnecessaryforsmallkidstograspmodalverbs.C.Drawinglinesunderwordsfailstobeeffectiveinlearning.D.GrammarLearningdoesn’tbringobviouseffecttowriting.13.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“gettingtogripswith”inparagraph3?A.Controlling. B.Mastering.C.Holdingonto. D.Dealingwith.14.Whenitcomestofuturejobs,grammariansbelieve_______.A.agoodcommandofPythonisenoughforprogrammersB.thefieldofartificialtechnologystillshowsgreatpromiseC.beingexpertinlanguagemeansadvantagesincompetitionD.computergeniuseswillinventperfecttoolstoprocesslanguage15.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Grammarteachingshouldn’tbestoppedbutreformed.B.Scientificstudyofhumanbeingsbenefitsfromgrammar.C.Grammarhelpschildrentolearnforeignlanguagesbetter.D.There’smuchroomforimprovementingrammarresearch.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了語法教學(xué)不應(yīng)該停止，而應(yīng)該改革?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Itscarcelyseemssurprisingthatlearningtounderlineamodalverb,suchas‘can’,and‘may’,doeslittletohelpstudentsusethemeffectivelyintheirownwriting.”(學(xué)習(xí)如何區(qū)分諸如“can”和“may”等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞對(duì)學(xué)生在自己的寫作中有效地使用它們幾乎沒有幫助，這似乎并不奇怪)可知，有些人考慮停止教授語法是因?yàn)閷W(xué)習(xí)語法對(duì)寫作沒有明顯的效果，故選D?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前的“Evenifyoudidknowbynaturehowtomakeclausesinyournativelanguagesasachild—justwithoutinstruction(即使你天生就知道如何用你的母語從句——只是在沒有任何指導(dǎo)的情況下)”和其后的“ifyouknowhowtodefineandspotthem.(如果你知道如何定義和識(shí)別它們)”可知，即使你從小就知道如何用母語造句，只是不需要指導(dǎo)，但如果你知道如何定義和識(shí)別它們，那么在以后的歲月里用德語或俄語來掌握它們會(huì)更簡單，由此可知?jiǎng)澗€詞詞義為“掌握”，與B項(xiàng)“Mastering(掌握)”意思一樣，故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thesetoolsmayrelymoreonknowledgeofartificialintelligencethanofthesubjunctive,butlinguisticexpertisestillmatters,andmaygivebeginnersanedgeovercompetitorswhosebestlanguageisPython.”(這些工具可能更多地依賴于人工智能的知識(shí)，而不是虛擬語言的知識(shí)，但語言專業(yè)知識(shí)仍然很重要，可能會(huì)讓語言初學(xué)者比那些精通編程語言的競爭對(duì)手更有優(yōu)勢)可知，當(dāng)談到未來的工作時(shí)，語法學(xué)家們相信精通語言意味著在競爭中占有優(yōu)勢，故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段“Thismaytempttheconclusionthattheteachingofgrammarshouldbeshelvedaltogether.Buttherearereasonstoreformitratherthanthrowitaway.”(這可能會(huì)得出這樣的結(jié)論：語法教學(xué)應(yīng)該完全擱置起來。但有理由對(duì)其進(jìn)行改革，而不是將其丟棄)可知，文章主要介紹的是語法教學(xué)不應(yīng)該停止，而應(yīng)該改革，故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Astheworldseekstoslowthepaceofclimatechangeandpreservewildlife,treesundoubtedlyholdamajorpartoftheanswer.Yetthemassdestructionoftrees--deforestation-continues,sacrificing（犧牲）thelong-termbenefitsofstandingtreesforshort-termgain.___16___Sincehumansstartedcuttingdownforests,46percentoftreeshavebeenlogged.About17percentoftheAmazonianrainforesthasbeendestroyedoverthepast50years,andlossesrecentlyhavebeenontherise.So,whatarethefactorsleadingtodeforestation?Farming,animalraising,mining,anddrillingcombinedaccountformorethanhalfofalldeforestation.___17___Plusloggingoperations,whichprovidetheworld?swoodandpaperproducts,cutdowncountlesstreeseachyear.Someloggersactingillegallyevenbuildroadstoaccessmoreandmoreremoteforests--whichleadstofurtherdeforestation.___18___Some250millionpeoplelivinginforestsdependonthemforsurvivalandincome—manyofthemamongtheworld'sruralpoor.EightypercentofEarth'slandanimalsliveinforestsanddeforestationthreatensmanyspecies.___19___TheSouthAmericanrainforest,forexample,influencesregionalandperhapsevenglobalwatercycles,whichiskeytothewatersupplyinBraziliancitiesandneighboringcountries.Luckily,amovementisunderwaytopreserveexistingforestecosystemsandrestorelosttreecover.Organizationsandactivistsareworkingtofightillegalminingandlogging.Asconsumers,itmakessensetolookforsustainablyproducedsources.___20___A.Yettheeffectsofdeforestationreachmuchfarther.B.Globally,forestsaredisappearingatanalarmingrate.C.Wildfiresandurbanizationalsoaccountforasmallpart,D.Deforestationaffectspeopleandanimalsandeventhewiderworld.E.Withthesejointefforts,manyconservationistsseereasonsforhope.F.Deforestationisresponsibleforaround15%ofallgreenhousegasemissions.G.Somedeforestationiscausedbyacombinationofhumanandnaturalfactors.【答案】16.B17.C18.D19.A20.E【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了大規(guī)模采伐森林的現(xiàn)狀，原因，所帶來的影響以及所采取的保護(hù)森林的措施?！?6題詳解】下文“Sincehumansstartedcuttingdownforests,46percentoftreeshavebeenlogged.About17percentoftheAmazonianrainforesthasbeendestroyedoverthepast50years,andlossesrecentlyhavebeenontherise.”（自從人類開始砍伐森林，46%的樹木被砍伐。在過去的50年里，大約17%的亞馬遜雨林遭到了破壞，而且最近的損失還在增加。）說明，大量的樹木遭到砍伐。與B選項(xiàng)Globally,forestsaredisappearingatanalarmingrate.（在全球范圍內(nèi)，森林正在以驚人的速度消失。）語義一致。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“So,whatarethefactorsleadingtodeforestation?Farming,animalraising,mining,anddrillingcombinedaccountformorethanhalfofalldeforestation.”（那么，導(dǎo)致森林砍伐的因素是什么呢?農(nóng)業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)、采礦和鉆探加起來占了森林砍伐總量的一半以上。）說明空處應(yīng)該解釋森林砍伐的原因。C選項(xiàng)中的accountfor與前一句相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“Some250millionpeoplelivinginforestsdependonthemforsurvivalandincome—manyofthemamongtheworld'sruralpoor.EightypercentofEarth'slandanimalsliveinforestsanddeforestationthreatensmanyspecies.”（生活在森林里的約2.5億人依靠森林生存和獲得收入，其中許多人屬于世界農(nóng)村貧困人口。地球上80%的陸地動(dòng)物生活在森林中，砍伐森林威脅到許多物種。）說明森林對(duì)人和動(dòng)物的影響，分別與D選項(xiàng)的peopleandanimals相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選D項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】下文“TheSouthAmericanrainforest,forexample,influencesregionalandperhapsevenglobalwatercycles,whichiskeytothewatersupplyinBraziliancitiesandneighboringcountries.”（例如，南美洲的熱帶雨林影響著區(qū)域甚至全球的水循環(huán)，這是巴西城市和周邊國家供水的關(guān)鍵。）舉例說明采伐森林的嚴(yán)重后果，與A選項(xiàng)Yettheeffectsofdeforestationreachmuchfarther.（然而，森林砍伐的影響要深遠(yuǎn)得多。）為例證關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】E選項(xiàng)“Withthesejointefforts”是關(guān)鍵詞，指代上文“Organizationsandactivistsareworkingtofightillegalminingandlogging.Asconsumers,itmakessensetolookforsustainablyproducedsources.”（一些組織和活動(dòng)人士正在努力打擊非法采礦和伐木。作為消費(fèi)者，尋找可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)的能源是有意義的。）說明保護(hù)森林的運(yùn)動(dòng)起到了效果。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Anoff-dutypilotwascalleda“l(fā)egend”aftersteppingintoflyaplanehimselftostoptheflightbeingcancelled.MichaelBradley,a___21___EasyJetpilot,hadaholidaywhenhe___22___flyingaplanethatwasdelayedbytwohours.HetoldpassengersonboardtheManchesterAirportflighttoAlicantethathewas___23___hisservicesastherewasnopilotavailable.Mr.Bradleysaid,“Mywifewasthenwithmylittleboy.She___24___andcomplained,‘Ourflight’sdelayedbytwohoursbecausethere’sno___25___fortheflight.’Sojustbeforewewentthroughsecurity,Iwonderifthisisworthacall.IthinkitisbecauseI’dliketogoonholiday.”Mr.BradleyphonedupEasyJetandsaid,“I’mstandinginthe___26___doingnothing.Ihavegotmy___27___withmeandI’dverymuchliketogoonholidayandifyouneeda(n)___28___,I’mstandingherereadytogo.”Andhisbossescalledhimbackinlessthanaminutetogivehimthego-ahead,saying,“Please,please,canyouflytheairplanetoAlicante?”Thenhetoldthistothepassengers.Thiswas___29___withcheersfromthepassengers.AnEasyJetspokesmansaid,“Weare___30___tooneofourpilotswhowastravellingonholidayfromManchestertoAlicanteon2nd,Septemberwithhisfamilyand___31___tooperatetheflight.This___32___customerscouldgettotheirdestinationandshowsthe___33___ofourcrew.Thisis___34___inlinewithregulationsashehadhislicenseandIDwithhim.Safetyisalwaysour___35___priority.”21.A.retired B.qualified C.clumsy D.former22.A.madeup B.heldup C.endedup D.turnedup23.A.offering B.obtaining C.changing D.showing24.A.camethrough B.cameto C.cameup D.camearound25.A.passenger B.manager C.officer D.captain26.A.station B.platform C.terminal D.square27.A.license B.passport C.visa D.ticket28.A.adventure B.favor C.assistant D.reason29.A.met B.argued C.objected D.observed30.A.suitable B.convenient C.practical D.grateful31.A.volunteered B.continued C.attempted D.struggled32.A.proved B.meant C.supported D.revealed33.A.existence B.popularity C.intention D.commitment34A.fully B.strangely C.nearly D.immediately35.A.current B.urgent C.regional D.top【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.C25.D26.C27.A28.B29.A30.D31.A32.B33.D34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。一位休假的飛行員MichaelBradley自愿駕駛公司的飛機(jī)，使航班免遭取消，體現(xiàn)了公司員工的奉獻(xiàn)精神?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：邁克爾·布拉德利是一名有資質(zhì)的易捷航空飛行員，他在度假時(shí)駕駛了一架延誤了兩個(gè)小時(shí)的飛機(jī)。A.retired退休的；B.qualified合格的，有資質(zhì)的；C.clumsy笨拙的；D.former前者的。根據(jù)最后的句子“hehadhislicenseandIDwithhim（他帶著他的駕照和身份證）”可知，Mr.Bradley是一位有資質(zhì)的飛行員。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：邁克爾布·拉德利是一名有資質(zhì)的易捷航空飛行員，他在度假時(shí)駕駛了一架延誤了兩個(gè)小時(shí)的飛機(jī)。A.madeup彌補(bǔ)；B.heldup擱置；C.endedup結(jié)束；D.turnedup出現(xiàn)。由前面的“hadaholiday(度假)”可知，MichaelBradley本來是要去度假的，結(jié)果卻成了這趟航班的飛行員。故選C項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他告訴曼徹斯特機(jī)場飛往阿利坎特的航班上的乘客，由于沒有飛行員，他愿意提供服務(wù)。A.offering提供；B.obtaining獲取；C.changing更改；D.showing顯示。由下面的句子“therewasnopilotavailable.（沒有飛行員）”可知，該航班延誤的原因是沒有飛行員，沒人開飛機(jī)，而根據(jù)第一段的“Anoff-dutypilot（不值班的飛行員）”和第二段的“a1EasyJetpilot（一個(gè)合格的易捷航空飛行員）”可知，MichaelBradley是可以開飛機(jī)的，所以他告訴乘客他可以提供服務(wù)。故選A項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：她走過來抱怨說，“我們的航班延誤了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，因?yàn)闆]有機(jī)長”。A.camethrough度過；B.cameto共計(jì)；C.cameup走過來；D.camearound蘇醒。由上文的句子“Mywifewasthenwithmylittleboy.（當(dāng)時(shí)我妻子和我的小兒子在一起。）”可知，他的妻子當(dāng)時(shí)和他的兒子在一起，當(dāng)航班被延誤后，妻子走過來向他抱怨。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)闆]有機(jī)長，我們的航班延誤了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。A.passenger乘客；B.manager經(jīng)理；C.officer官員；D.captain機(jī)長，隊(duì)長。有第一段的句子“therewasnopilotavailable.”可知，該航班延誤的原因是沒有機(jī)長，沒人開飛機(jī)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我站在候機(jī)樓里什么也沒干。A.station站；B.platform站臺(tái)；C.terminal候機(jī)樓，航站樓；D.square廣場。由第三段的句子“Mywifewasthenwithmylittleboy.Shecameupandcomplained，‘Ourflight’sdelayedbytwohoursbecausethere’snocaptainfortheflight.’”（當(dāng)時(shí)我妻子和我的小兒子在一起。她走過來抱怨說，‘我們的航班延誤了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，因?yàn)闆]有機(jī)長’）”可知，MichaelBradley和妻子一起在候機(jī)樓里等飛機(jī)。故選C項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我?guī)е鴪?zhí)照，非常想去度假，如果你需要幫忙，我隨時(shí)可以上崗。A.license執(zhí)照；B.passport護(hù)照；C.visa簽證；D.ticket機(jī)票。由最后一段的句子“hehadhislicenseandIDwithhim（他帶著他的執(zhí)照和身份證）”可知，MichaelBradley當(dāng)時(shí)身上帶著他的飛行執(zhí)照。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我?guī)еw行駕照，我很想去度假，如果需要幫忙，我隨時(shí)可以上崗。A.adventure冒險(xiǎn)；B.favor幫助，支持；C.assistant助手；D.reason原因。由第三段的句子“Ourflight’sdelayedbytwohoursbecausethere’snocaptainfortheflight.（我們的航班延誤了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，因?yàn)闆]有機(jī)長）”可知，航班延誤是因?yàn)闆]有飛行員，航空公司一定需要飛行員，需要幫助。所以MichaelBradley作為公司的飛行員給公司打電話（phonedupEasyJet）說，如果需要幫助，“我”隨時(shí)上崗。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：乘客中爆發(fā)出了一陣歡呼。A.met滿足；B.argued爭辯；C.objected反對(duì)；D.observed觀察。由該段的句子“Please,please,canyouflytheairplanetoAlicante?”Thenhetoldthistothepassengers.（拜托，拜托，你能駕飛機(jī)去阿利坎特嗎？”然后他把這件事告訴了乘客）”可知，航空公司的老板先請(qǐng)求Mr.Bradley駕飛機(jī)去阿利坎特，然后又把這個(gè)消息告訴給乘客，這個(gè)消息當(dāng)然是獲得乘客的認(rèn)可。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：非常感謝我們的一名飛行員，他于9月2日與家人從曼徹斯特前往阿利坎特度假，并自愿駕駛這架飛機(jī)。A.suitable合適的；B.convenient方便的；C.practical實(shí)用的；D.grateful感激的。由下面的句子“volunteeredtooperatetheflight（自愿駕駛飛機(jī)）”和“Thismeantcustomerscouldgettotheirdestination.（這意味著客戶可以到達(dá)目的地）”可知，因?yàn)镸ichaelBradley自愿駕駛飛機(jī)，乘客們才可以到達(dá)目的地，航空公司的發(fā)言人當(dāng)然應(yīng)該對(duì)MichaelBradley表示感謝。故選D項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：非常感謝我們的一名飛行員，他于9月2日與家人從曼徹斯特前往阿利坎特度假，并自愿駕駛這架飛機(jī)。A.volunteered自愿；B.continued繼續(xù)；C.attempted嘗試；D.struggle斗爭。由第四段的句子“ifyouneeda(n)favor,I’mstandingherereadytogo.（如果你需要幫忙，我在這里隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備上崗）”可知，Mr.Bradley是自愿駕駛這架飛機(jī)的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這意味著乘客可以到達(dá)目的地，也顯示出我們機(jī)組人員的敬業(yè)和奉獻(xiàn)精神。A.proved證明；B.meant意味著；C.supported支持；D.revealed揭示。本來這架飛機(jī)是沒有駕駛員的，但因?yàn)镸r.Bradley“volunteeredtooperatetheflight（自愿駕駛這架飛機(jī)）”，這就意味著乘客們就能到達(dá)他們的目的地。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這意味著乘客可以到達(dá)目的地，也顯示出我們機(jī)組人員的敬業(yè)和奉獻(xiàn)精神。A.existence存在；B.popularity受歡迎；C.intention意圖；D.commitment奉獻(xiàn)，承諾。本來Mr.Bradley是一個(gè)沒上班的飛行員“anoff-dutypilot”，但是當(dāng)他知道該航班沒有飛行員時(shí)，他自愿擔(dān)任該航班的飛行員，這體現(xiàn)了航空公司員工的奉獻(xiàn)精神。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這完全符合規(guī)定，因?yàn)樗麛y帶有飛行執(zhí)照和身份證明。A.fully完全地；B.strangely奇怪地；C.nearly幾乎；D.immediately立即。由下一句“hehadhislicenseandIDwithhim（他帶著他的駕照和身份證）”可知，Mr.Bradley帶著必備的證件且他是航空公司的員工，所以這完全符合規(guī)定。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：安全永遠(yuǎn)是我們的第一要?jiǎng)?wù)。A.current目前的；B.urgent經(jīng)濟(jì)的；C.regional地區(qū)的；D.top最高的。此處為短語toppriority表示“最優(yōu)先的，當(dāng)務(wù)之急”。故選D。第二節(jié)（共10題；每題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Phrasebailangainspopularityasseverecompetitionandsocialexpectationsleavemanyyoungpeopledespondent(沮喪的).OnChina’sInternet,someyoungpeoplesaytheirambitionscan’tbeachievedandmanyofthemhavegivenupontrying.____36____(frustrate)bythemountinguncertaintiesandlack____37____economicopportunities,theyareresortingtoanewbuzzword—bailan(letitrotinEnglish)—tocapturetheirattitudetowardslife.Thephrasebailan,whichhasitsorigininNBAgames,____38____(mean)avoluntaryretreatfrompursuingcertaingoalsbecauseonerealizestheyare____39____(simple)toodifficulttoachieve.InAmericanbasketball,itoftenreferstoaplayer’sdeliberatelossofagameinordertogetabetterdraftpick.OnWeibo,thebailan-relatedtopics____40____(generate)hundredsofmillionsofreadsanddiscussionssinceMarch.Netizensalsocreateddifferent____41____(vary)ofthebailanattitude.Statemediahavetakennoteofthistrend.“____42____domodernyoungChineseliketo‘bailan’?”onerecentarticleinofficialmediaoutletasked.“Infact,thisisas____43____resultofnegativeautosuggestion,repeatedly____44____(tell)oneselfIcannotmakeit.Andthiskindofmentalityoftenleadspeople_____45_____(adopt)the‘bailan’attitude.”【答案】36.Frustrated37.of38.means39.simply40.havegenerated41.variations42.Why43.a44.telling45.toadopt【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。講述越來越多中國年輕人“擺爛”的生活態(tài)度。【36題詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：由于不確定性的增加和缺乏經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)而感到受挫，他們正在使用一個(gè)新的流行語——擺爛（英文是letitrot，讓它爛掉）——來表達(dá)他們的生活態(tài)度。本句已有系動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞frustrate用非謂語形式，主語they與動(dòng)詞frustrate是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，frustrate用過去分詞表被動(dòng)，句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Frustrated?！?7題詳解】考查介詞短語。句意：由于不確定性的增加和缺乏經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)而感到受挫，他們正在使用一個(gè)新的流行語——擺爛（英文是letitrot，讓它爛掉）——來表達(dá)他們的生活態(tài)度。lackof為固定搭配，譯為“缺乏……”，故填of?！?8題詳解】考查主謂一致。句意：擺爛這個(gè)詞起源于NBA比賽，意味著自愿放棄追求某些目標(biāo)，因人們意識(shí)到這些目標(biāo)太難實(shí)現(xiàn)了。由主語Thephrasebailan和has可知主語為名單數(shù)名詞，故謂語動(dòng)詞mean要用單數(shù)形式，故填means?！?9題詳解】考查副詞。句意：擺爛這個(gè)詞起源于NBA比賽，意味著自愿放棄追求某些目標(biāo)，因?yàn)槿藗円庾R(shí)到這些目標(biāo)太難實(shí)現(xiàn)了。此處用副詞來修飾句子“toodifficulttoachieve”，表示實(shí)在太難實(shí)現(xiàn)了。故填simply?！?0題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在微博上，自3月以來與擺爛有關(guān)的話題已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了數(shù)億的閱讀和討論。可知這是從3月份開始到現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事情，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填havegenerated?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：網(wǎng)友們也對(duì)擺爛的態(tài)度產(chǎn)