2024-2025學(xué)年北京市朝陽區(qū)高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷

2024—2025學(xué)年北京市朝陽區(qū)高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷

一、完形填空(★★★)JoséisthecaringdirectorofaschoolinNicaragua.Andnothingbringshimmoresatisfactionthangivingtothestudentshecaresaboutmost.However,livingonalow-income_______José’sabilitytoshowhisgenerosity.Helongedforawaytoprovidefoodandajoyfulfutureforthechildrenathisschoolbutlackedthe_______tomakeithappen.Everything_______whenConvoyofHopebroughtagriculturaltrainingtohisvillage.Josélearnednewtechniquesaboutgardenmanagement.Hispreviousmethodswerereplacedbymore_______ones,likesettingupawater-savingirrigation(灌溉)systemforthedryseasons.Withhisnewskills,José_______plantedagardenathisschool.Theproducefromthegardennotonlyprovidedfreshsnacksforthestudentsbutalsobecameahands-onlearningopportunity.“Somethingthatfillsmewithgreatjoyiswhenthechildrengetexcitedandcan’twaitto_______activitiesinthegarden.”Josésaid.ThegardenprovidesJoséwitha_______fromdailystresses.“MaybeIhadsomedifficultiesintheday,butwhenIstarttowatertheplants,I_______theproblems.”Strengtheningindividuals’skillssetsallaroundtheworld,ConvoyofHope’sagriculturalprogram_______peopletoprovidefortheirfamiliesandgivebacktotheircommunities.Butthisprojectismorethanteachingknowledge.JustasJosésaid,“Ithasmanagedtoputasmileonchildren,andtheyfeela(n)________tomoveforward.”1.A．provedB．developedC．suggestedD．limited2.A．timeB．meansC．planD．drive3.A．a(chǎn)ppearedB．stoppedC．changedD．remained4.A．expensiveB．effectiveC．difficultD．basic5.A．successfullyB．quietlyC．suddenlyD．nearly6.A．giveupB．putoffC．carryoutD．payfor7.A．breakB．challengeC．tipD．choice8.A．repeatB．valueC．presentD．forget9.A．hiresB．forcesC．equipsD．reminds10.A．concernB．hopeC．honourD．weight二、選詞填空(★★)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句意，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~組并用其正確形式填空。

applyforcalmdownavarietyoftakeupbeconcernedabout

tendtokeepupwithtakeadvantageofputupbeaddictedto11.Technologychangessofastthatit’shardto_________it.12.We_________thewarmweatheranddidsomeyardwork.13.He_________playingonlinegameslastyear,whichseriouslyaffectedhisstudies.14.Thereare_________booksinthelibrary,soyoucanalwaysfindsomethinginterestingtoread.15.Everyyear,they_________someholidaypicturesinthelivingroomtowelcomethenewyear.16.Theroomlooksabitcrowdedbecausethelargesofa_________toomuchofthelivingroom.17.I_________ajobatthatfamouscompanyyesterdayandisnowwaitingforthereply.18.She_________herGranny’sbadcoughandshehopesitisn’tsomethingserious.19.Recentstudiesshowthatgirls_________bebetteratlanguagesthanboys.20.Ittookmeanhourto_________aftertheargument.三、語法填空(★)21.Itisimportantforus_________(have)abalanced,healthydiet.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)(★★★)22.Wehadtotakeadifferentpathbecausetheroad_________(repair).(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)(★)23._________(enjoy)agrandersight,youmustclimbtoagreaterheight.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)(★★)24.Myfriendcalledmelastnightandsaidhe_________(come)toseemethisweekend.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)(★)25.Youworkhardonyourlessonsandyourefforts_________(reward)withsuccessintheend.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)(★★)26.Theytraveledwithafamousscientist_________nameoftenappearsinthenewspaper.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)(★★)27.Thecanal_________playedanimportantroleinancientChinaisnowbeingwidened.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)(★★)28.Thepurposeofeducationis_________(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)(★)29.Readingagoodbookislike_________(talk)withawiseperson.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)(★★)30.Thisisthebestdecision_________Ihaveevermade.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)四、閱讀理解(★★)TheSchoolofArtsatOxfordBrookesUniversitybringstogetherfilmmakers,fineartists,musicians,photographers,newsreportersandmanymoretoformaninspiring,dynamicplaceofcreatives.ResearchTheSchoolofArtsprovidesanenergeticenvironmentforteachersandstudentstodeveloptheirresearchandfocusesonbuildingresearchexcellencebyimprovingpresentandfuturestrengths.WehavearesearchcentercoveringthefieldsofArt&Design,DigitalMedia,Film,Music,andPhotography.Wealsohaveaseriesofresearchgroupsacrossallofourfields,whereteachersworktogetherandsharetheirresearchprojects.CoursesTheSchoolofArtsoffersawiderangeofcourses,fromfinearttomusicdigitalmediaproduction,filmstudiesandthenewsreporting.Aimingtohelpyouformyourownpracticeorgetreadyforfuturejobs,ourcoursesusebothclassroomlearningandcreativepracticetodevelopyourinterests.Theybuildindependentthinkerswhothinkoutoftheboxandproducecreativeworks.Ourartsstudentsarewellplacedtogetreadyfordifferenttypesofjobsinthecreativeindustries.StudentLifeWhileyourstudiesareatopthing,youwillstillwanttomakethemostofeverythingelsestudentlifeoffers.Withintheschool,therearealwaysprojectsyoucanworkonoutsideofyourchosenfieldofstudy.Itcouldbethatyouwishtoworkwithstudentslearningothersubjects,creatingthemusicforafilmorfilmingapieceofperformanceart.Thismightbepartofyourstudyorjustsomethingyouwouldliketodoforfun.Workingtogetherwithotherstudentsacrossdifferentsubjectsisagoodwaytomakemorefriends.TheSchoolofArtsisproudtorununiversitywidesocietiessuchasTheDocumentaryClubandtheUniversityOrchestraandChoir.Pleasefindusatquery@brookes.ac.uk.31.WhatcantheSchoolofArtsprovideforstudentsintheirresearch?

A．Variousresourcesbeyondartfields.B．Chancestolearninadynamicenvironment.C．Differentgroupsthatfocusoncreatingartworks.D．Acenterwhereteachersandstudentsworktogether.32.AfterlearningthecoursesintheSchoolofArt,studentswill_________.

A．developtheircreativeskillsB．bereadyforclassroomlearningC．needtohandintheirartworksD．beofferedajobintheartindustries33.Besidessubjectlearning,studentsattheSchoolofArtcan_________.

A．receivejobtrainingB．manageallschoolclubsC．buildfriendshipswithfamousartistsD．workonprojectsacrossdifferentfields(★★★)OneSaturdaynightinthespringof2023,whilemostofherfriendswererelaxing,ElizabethSmart,then16,wasstudyinginanundergroundroominherparents’house.ShewastryingtoworkouthowpatientswithbloodcancersrespondtoCART-celltherapy,oneofthenewestandmosthopefultreatmentsforbloodcancers.Elizabethwasdrawntocancerresearchfortworeasons:storiesofchildrenwithcancer,like“PenntheBrave,”andhergrandmother’sdeathfromcancer.Shehopedtorelievethepainofpeoplelikethem.SowhenElizabethwaslookingforascience-projecttopicandherfatheremailedheranewsreportaboutCART-celltherapy,shedecidedtoexplorefurther.Elizabethusedtheresultsfroma2022YaleUniversitystudyexplainingwhatcausesthefailureofCART-celltreatmentandtriedtoidentifygeneticbiomarkers(遺傳生物標(biāo)志物)thatwouldtellapatient’sresponsetothetreatmentinordertomakeitmoreeffective.Sheevendevelopedawaytostudygeneticinformationthroughspecializedsoftwareinsteadoftraditionallabwork.ThroughlatenightsofuploadinginformationandanalyzingRNAsequences(序列),ElizabethdiscoveredcertaingeneticinformationinRNAsequences—whichdecideseverythingfromhaircolourtohowyourimmunesystemfightsdiseases—couldtellapatient’sresponsetoCART-celltherapy,andcouldonedayhelpdevelopmoreeffectivetreatmentandfewersideeffects.Startingtheprojecttwoyearsago,Elizabethfoundreadingoriginalresearchpaperstoodifficult,soshetaughtherselfbyreadingbooks,open-sourcepapersandwatchingYouTubevideosfornon-professionalpeople.“Ithoughtaboutgivingupsomanytimes,”saysElizabeth.Insteadsheturnedtoonlinegroups,whereprofessionalandnon-professionalscientistsalikesharedtipsonsimilarchallenges.Herresearchpaper,titled“OptimizationofCART-CelltherapyUsingRNA-SequencingAnalysisforBiomarkerIdentification”,madeElizabethnotonlyanationalscience-fairchampionbutalsowonherfirstplaceattheannualEuropeanUnionContestforYoungScientistsinBrusselsthispastfall.Asshegraduatesfromhighschoolthisyearandstartspreparingforuniversity,Elizabethislookingforwardtoworkinginalab—notjustinherparents’house.34.WhydidElizabethwanttodoresearchonCART-Celltherapy?

A．Becauseshehadheardalotaboutit.B．Becauseitwasherscienceprojecttopic.C．Becauseherfatheraskedhertoworkonit.D．Becauseshewantedtohelppeoplewithcancer.35.WhatchallengedidElizabethcomeacrossduringherresearch?

A．Lackofprofessionalbackground.B．Limitedaccesstotraditionallaboratory.C．Difficultyingettingprofessionalguidance.D．Heavyworkofuploadinggeneticinformation.36.WhichwordwouldbestdescribeElizabeth?

A．Honest.B．Hardworking.C．Strict.D．Confident.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A．Manyhandsmakelightwork.B．Anewwayisbetterthansweat.C．Youngpeoplecanmakeadifference.D．Loveandunderstandingispriceless.(★★★★)Wecanstruggletomaintainworkingrelationshipswhenoursocialgroupgrowstoolarge,butArtificialIntelligence(AI)modelsmaynotfacethesamelimitation.WhatisArtificialIntelligenceDatingbacktothe1990s,thescientistRobinDunbarpresentedthatthenumberofrelationshipswecanmaintainistypicallyabout150duetothesizeofourbrains.Now,researchershaveappliedthisidea,knownasDunbar’snumber,toAImodelsandfoundthatthemostpowerfuloneswiththelargest“brains”canmanagegroupsofupto1000.GiordanoDeMarzoandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofKonstanzexperimentedwhetherAImodelslikeChatGPTactlikehumanswhen“talking”toeachotheringroups.TheyranmanycopiesofthesameAImodelatonce,givingeachanopiniononaproblemwithoutobviousanswers.Ateachstepoftheexperiment,theychoseonecopybychanceandtolditwhatopinionalltheothercopiesheldandwhy,andthenaskedifitwouldliketoupdateitsown.Theteamfoundthatthehigh-endAImodelslikeGPT-4Turboreachedagreementeverytime.YetcopiesofsmallerandlesspowerfulmodelslikeGPT-3.5Turboneverreachedagreement.Theresultsshowedthatalthoughthemodelsineachtestwerethesame,therewasnoinbornsystemforagreement,atleastuntiltheybecamecapableenough.Theresearchersthentriedtofindanupperlimitoneachmodel’sabilitytoreachagreement—theirownDunbar’snumber.Forsomemodels,likeLlama370b,theagreementprocessbecameincreasinglyslowasthegroupsizegrew,endingupwithaDunbar’snumberof50.Butforothermodels,likeGPT-4Turbo,thisabilityneversloweddownevenonce1000copieswereworkingtogether.“Iwasverysurprised,”saysDeMarzo.“Wewereabletosimulate(模擬)uptothousandsofmodelsandtherewasnosignatallofabreakingoftheabilitytoformacommunity.”Headdsthatmemoryiskey.Whilewemaystruggletorecallfacts,facesandopinionsatacertainpoint,AIislimitedonlybyitshardware.PhilipFeldmanattheUniversityofMaryland,however,saysAImodelswithahighDunbarnumbermaybeabletoreachagreementonaproblem,butthatdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheywillfindagoodsolution.Hebelievesdiversity(多樣性)iskeytoproblem-solving,whichishardingroupsmadeupofthesameAImodel.AlargerconcerniswhetheritevenmakessensetotalkaboutcopiesofanAImodelasagroupofindividuals,saysMichaelRovatsosattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Themodelsdon’tunderstandwhattheyare,howtheyareseparatefromothermodelsorwhattheexperiment’spurposeis.”38.ResearchersappliedDunbar’snumbertoAImodelsto_________.

A．testtheirmemorycompetenceB．observetheirsocialbehaviouringroupsC．recordtheworkingspeedofdifferentAImodelsD．findthelimitofAImodelstomaintainrelationships39.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheresearchofGiordanoDeMarzo’steam?

A．AImodelshavetheabilitytotakeoverlargergroupsthanhumans.B．AImodels’abilitytoformcommunitiesislimitedbyhumanmemory.C．AImodelscanreplacehumansinmanagingdifficultsocialinteractions.D．AImodels’performanceinreachingagreementdependsontheircapabilities.40.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A．AImodelswithahighDunbarnumbersolveproblemsbetter.B．CopiesofthesameAImodellacktheabilitytothinkindependently.C．AImodelswithlarge“brains”haveaninbornsystemforagreement.D．CopiesofthesameAImodelupdatetheiropinionswithoutextrainformation.41.AsfortheuseofAImodelsinsocialactivities,theauthoris_________.

A．supportiveB．puzzledC．carefulD．unconcerned(★★★)Sincetheearlydaysofpopularculture,fanshavebeenviewedwithadoubtfulreputation,oftenlabeledasunreasonableoraberrant,presentingathreattothesocialorderorsuggestingakindofmentalillness.However,socialpsychologistsofferadifferentviewonfanculture.Fromwithin,fandoms(fangroups)looksurprisinglynormal.Oursociallivesaredefinedbyourtendencytoseekoutotherswhoshareourpersonalities,background,interestsoroutlook.Wearenaturaltoliveingroups,arealitythatshapesalmosteverythingwedo.Thissimpleactofpartnershipandbelongingcanbepowerful.Formanyfans,beingpartofafandomcanbelife-changing.OnefanofJaneAusten,forinstance,describedhowconnectingwithotherswhosharedherloveofJaneAustenandperioddramashelpedherthroughadifficulttime,saying,“I’vefinallyfoundmypeople.”Fandomsalsodifferfromothersocialgroupsinthattheybringtogetherpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.Fansaredrawninbyacommoninterest,buttheystayforahostofreasons:tobeentertained,tobroadentheirview,toexperienceaparticularreality,toconnectwithlike-mindedothersortotradetheoriesabouttheirfavoritetopics.Itmightseemsurprisingthatsharinganinterestcanleadtosuchenrichingexperiences,butthiskindof“minimalgroup”effectiswellknowninsocialpsychology.HenriTajfel,apioneerinthisfield,foundthatpeoplecouldbeencouragedtoformloyalgroupsonthesimplestreasons,suchasapreferenceforaparticularartist.Tajfelbelievedgroupmembershipgivespeopletheirownsocialidentities,providingmeaningtoanotherwiseemptysituation.Asocialidentitygivesusasenseofourselvesinrelationtoothers:wearewhowearebecauseofwhatwesharewiththem.Socialidentityisseparatefrompersonalidentity,whichreflectsindividualtraitssuchasphysicalappearanceandpersonality.Duringthosemomentswhenyoufeellikeanimportantpartofagrouplikewatchingafootballmatch,yoursocialidentityismoreoutstandingthanyourpersonalone.Tajfel’stheorieshelpexplainwhyfandomsaresopowerfulandwidespread.GroupslikeSwiftiesmaylookdifferentintheirtastesandattitudes,butthedynamicsbehindthemallareverysimilar.Thereislittletofearinthepassionofthesefans,andmuchtocelebrate.42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aberrant”inParagraphImostprobablymean?

A．Creative.B．Organized.C．Abnormal.D．Traditional43.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A．Fandomspromoteconnectionandbelonging.B．Therearereasonableconcernsaboutfandompassion.C．Fandomsprovideindividualswithapersonalidentity.D．Peopleprefergroupsthatsharecommonsocialbackgrounds.44.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．FansasSocialGroups:FandomsandMadnessB．FandomsUncovered:TheDangerousSideofFandomsC．TheInfluenceofFandoms:FansandTheirUnusualBehavioursD．FromMisunderstoodtoEmpowered:TheTrueImpactofFandoms(★★★)Futureastronautscouldpotentiallyrelyonfoodmadefrombacteria(細(xì)菌)thatfeedonminorplanets,toproduceakindofyogurt.WhileastronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationhaveexperimentedwithgrowingsaladleaves,thevastmajorityoffoodconsumedinspaceistransportedfromEarth.45That’swhyJoshuaPearceatWesternUniversityinOntario,Canada,decidedtotryusingbacteriatochangecarbon-containing(含碳的)materialfromminorplanetsintoeatablefood.Thisprocesshasnotbeencarriedoutyetonrealminorplanets.ButPearce’steamhasperformedsimilarexperimentsusingbacteriatobreakdownplasticfromleftoverinarmyfoodsupplybags.46Thecollectivebacteriaenduplookingsomethinglikeabrownmilkshakeandtheteamhasalsoexperimentedwithdryingoutthismaterialtoproducesomethinglikeyogurtorevenapowder.47“Wedidanutritional(營養(yǎng)的)researchanditturnedouttobealmostaperfectfood,”hesays.“Itturnedoutthatthebacteriamixturethatwewereusing,moreorless,hasathirdeachforthethreemajornutrientspeopleneed.”Iftheideaissound,a500-metre-wideminorplanetsimilartoBennu,whichNASAvisitedin2020,couldfeedbetween600and17,000astronautsforayear,saysPearce.48Afullyworkingminorplanetsfoodprojectwouldrequirean“industrial-sizedsmartmachine”inspace.Thiswouldtakealongtimetogeteverythinginplace.49TheyplantostartoffwithcoalandthenmovingtospacerocksthathavefallentoEarth.

A．Itwouldbeimpossibleformoredistant,longer-lastingtasks.B．Sotheresearchershopetotesttheideaonalowerlevelinthecomingyear.C．Futureastronautscouldsoonenjoyanutritionallyperfectdietmadefrombacteria.D．Whilethatmightnotsounddelicious,Pearcesaysthebacteriaarewell-suitedforhumanneeds.E．Theyheatedtheplasticwithoutoxygenandthenfedthistoamixtureofbacteriathateatcarbon.F．Althoughthereiscertainlyhope,itisstillaveryfuturisticideathatneedstobethoughtthrough.G．Theexactnumberdependsonhoweffectivelythebacteriacanbreakdowntheminorplanet’scarbonmaterials.(★★★)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。WhenItellfriendsI’vewrittenabookaboutsocialconnection,oneofthemostcommonquestionsIgetisabout“l(fā)ost”friendships,therelationshipswithpeoplewhomsomeonehaslosttouchwithovertime.Shouldwereconnectorletthemstayinthepast?Tworecentpaperssuggestthatwecanallbeabitbraveraboutreachingout.ThefirstcomesfromPeggyLiuattheUniversityofPittsburghandhercolleagues.Theteamaskedsomepeopletoprovideinformationofapersonwithwhomtheyhadn’tbeenintouchforawhile.Theythenwroteanotetothatpersonandansweredsomequestionsabouthowmuchtheythoughtthefriendwouldvaluethegesture.Theresearchersforwardedthenotetothenamedpersonalongwithaquestionnaireabouttheirfeelings.Itwasfoundthatthereceiverswelcomedthenotesfarmorethantheauthorshadexpected,butit’sapitythatthedesiretoreconnectwasoftenbalancedbyafearofbeingrejected.ThesecondpaperisbyLaraAkninatSimonFraserUniversityandGillianSandstromattheUnive