2025年春人教版英語八年級下冊教學課件 Unit 2 第3課時（A Grammar Focus-4c）

Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.R·八年級下冊SectionAGrammarFocus-4cLearningobjectives1.Masterthegrammarofinfinitivesasobject,adverbialandobjectcomplement.2.Understandhowtousephrasalverbs.3.Developtheabilityofknowledgeanalysisandbuildupthesenseofcooperation.GrammarFocusI’dliketohelphomelesspeople.Shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.Mariobelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob.Shevolunteersthereonceaweektohelpkidslearntoread.I’mmakingsomesignstoputuparoundtheschool.快速劃出動詞不定式和動詞短語。Readandobserve動詞不定式I’d

liketo(do)… asksb.to(do)…letsb.do… volunteer…tohelpsb.(do)…decidetodo…h(huán)elpsb.todo…動詞短語cheer…up tryout putupGrammaranalysis動詞不定式1.定義動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種，它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能作謂語。2.構(gòu)成動詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動詞原形”，常寫作todo(有時to可以省略)，否定形式為nottodo

。Hewantstosit.

Tellhimnottolivealone.

動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此可在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語等。3.用法一般位于句首，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例：學外語很有用。

Tolearnforeignlanguagesisveryuseful.

為了避免句子“頭重腳輕”，往往用it代替不定式作形式主語，而將不定式放在后面作真正的主語。=It’sveryusefultolearnforeignlanguages.作主語【浙江衢州中考】It’sabadhabitto____whatyoucandotoday

untiltomorrow.A.writedown

B.talkaboutC.worryabout

D.putoff常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有want/plan/agree/learn/hope/refuse/decide

todo等。另一種是“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作動詞或介詞的賓語。例：他教我如何使用手機。Hetaughtmehowtousemobilephone.作賓語主語+謂語+todo

常用it作形式賓語，而將動詞不定式放在后面作真正的賓語。

我認為鍛煉很有幫助。

Ithinkithelpfultodoexercise.【山東菏澤中考】—Haveyoudecidedwhen____?—Yes,tomorrowmorning.A.willyouleave

B.areyouleaving

C.toleave典例剖析常接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞（短語）有tell,ask,want,teach,promise,expect,wish,invite,wouldlike等。

例：他們請他在宴會上唱一首流行歌曲。Theyaskedhimtosingapopsongattheparty.作賓語補足語一感(feel)二聽(listento,hear)三讓(let,make,have)四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)，半幫助(help)(即在動詞help后面作賓語補足語時，to可有可無)”。help后的不定式可省略to，也可以帶上to。例：我哥哥經(jīng)常幫助我做家務(wù)。

Mybrotheroftenhelpsme(to)dothehousework.【上海中考】Doctorstellus_______ourhandsbeforeandaftereverymeal.A.wash B.washedC.washing D.towash典例剖析

在感官動詞feel,hear,see,watch,notice,listento,lookat之后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。例：半小時前我看見她離開了。Isawherleavehalfanhourago.一、主語是不定式(表條件)；表語也是不定式(表結(jié)果)例：工作意味著謀生。

Toworkmeanstoearnaliving．二、動詞不定式做表語常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：Myjob/dream/goal/aimis…

例：他的夢想是在不久的將來出國學習。Hisdreamistostudyabroadinthenearfuture．作表語動詞不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。例：我想吃點東西。

Iwanttohavesomethingtoeat.

她得到一份照顧一位老人的工作。Shegotajobtotakecareofanoldman.作定語動詞不定式可用來作目的狀語（放在句首或句尾），原因狀語（跟在作表語的形容詞后面）和結(jié)果狀語（用在too…to結(jié)構(gòu)中）。

Sheraisedhervoicetobeheardbetter．I’msorrytotroubleyou.Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.作狀語目的狀語原因狀語結(jié)果狀語動詞短語動詞加介詞、副詞或其他詞構(gòu)成的短語稱為動詞短語，其作用和動詞差不多，有的相當于及物動詞，有的相當于不及物動詞。1定義①“動詞+副詞”型考點：名詞作賓語時，可放在動詞與副詞之間或副詞之后；代詞作賓語時只能放在動詞和副詞之間。此類副詞有out,up,down,away,off,in,along等。giveaway贈送；捐贈

giveout分發(fā)；散發(fā)giveup放棄

putoff推遲pickup撿起

fixup修理；裝飾2類別②“動詞+介詞”型相當于及物動詞，其后必須有賓語，且賓語總是位于介詞之后。此類介詞有for,after,about,of,from,to,with,at等。carefor照顧；非常喜歡

waitfor等待laughat嘲笑

lookafter

照顧；照料agreewith同意

lookfor尋找；尋求③“動詞+副詞+介詞”型相當于及物動詞，動詞、副詞和介詞緊密結(jié)合，賓語總是位于介詞之后。comeupwith想出 catchupwith趕上lookforwardto盼望

keepawayfrom

遠離runoutof用完；耗盡

④“動詞+名詞”型此類短語動詞中的常見動詞有have,take,tell,make等。havearest休息一下 takeawalk散步takeplace發(fā)生

tellalie

撒謊makemistakes

犯錯誤

⑤“動詞+名詞+介詞”型只作及物動詞。名詞前可加形容詞，賓語總是位于介詞之后。makefriendswith

與……交朋友 make

funof取笑payattentionto注意

havealookat看一看takecareof照顧⑥“be動詞+形容詞+介詞”型相當于及物動詞，賓語位于介詞的后面，形容詞是短語動詞的真正詞義所在。bedifferentfrom

與……不同 befriendlyto對……友好beinterestedin對……感興趣

befamousfor

因……而著名典例剖析【濱州中考】—Tom,itsmellssoterriblehere.—Sorry,Mum.Iwill______mysocksandwashthemrightaway.A.putoff B.takeoffC.turnoff D.cutoff語法精練1.—Bob,youhavetofinishyourschoolprojecttoday.—Don’tworry,Mum.Iwon’t_____today’sworktilltomorrow.A.putoff B.takeoffC.giveup D.setup單項選擇。2.Allchildrenare_____thedaywhentheycangobacktoschool.A.lookingup B.takingcareofC.takingout D.lookingforwardto3.Readingisagoodway_____theworld.A.forknow B.forknowsC.toknowD.toknows4.We’dbetterfollowtheseven-stephand-washingmethod_____healthy.A.tokeep B.keepC.keeping D.keeps5.Lookatthesign“Noswimming”;itwarnsus_____inthelake.A.toswimB.nottoswimC.swimming1.Iwant_________(become)ateacheroneday.2.It’sveryuseful_______(learn)foreignlanguage.3.Heshowedmehow______(use)acomputer.4.Shegotajob______(take)careofanoldman.5.Youshouldrunquickly_______(catch)thebus.根據(jù)提示完成下列句子。tobecometolearntousetotaketocatchFillintheblankswiththephrasalverbsinthebox.putuphandoutcallupcheerupcomeupwithgiveoutputoff1.Iwantto______myplantoworkinananimalhospitaluntilnextsummer.I’mtoobusywithmystudiesthisyear.putoff2.Shehopesto______atleastfiveprimaryschoolstoaskiftheyneedvolunteersfortheirafter-schoolprograms.callup4a3.Ourclassistryingto____________someideasto_______sickchildrenbecausetheyareoftensad.4.Wedecidedto______signsaroundtheschooland________noticestotellstudentsaboutthebooksale.Wewill_______themoneyfromthesaletohomelesspeople.comeupwithcheerup

putuphandoutgiveoutputuphandoutcallupcheerupcomeupwithgiveoutputoffFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.Mostpeopletodayareonlyworriedaboutgettinggoodjobs________lotsofmoney.Intheirfreetime,theythinkaboutwhat_______forfun.However,fewpeoplethinkaboutwhattheycando_______others.tomaketodotohelp4bhelpmovedomakevisitspendTherearemanypeoplewhoarelessluckythanus.Volunteeringourtimetohelpthesepeopleisagoodway________ourfreetime.Forexample,wecanmakeplans______sickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.Somepeopleevenstopdoingtheirjobsforafewmonthstoayear_______toanotherplace,likeoneofthecountriesinAfrica,andhelppeoplethere.tospendtovisittomovehelpmovedomakevisitspendCompletethesentenceswithyourownideas.Useinfinitives.1.I’dliketovolunteer_________________________________________________________.2.At12:00midnight,Icalledmyfriend_____________________________________.

tohelpkidswiththeirhomework

toaskhimanimportantquestion4c3.I’mveryb