初中英語(yǔ)英美文化蒙娜麗莎是否在微笑素材

PAGEPAGE5蒙娜麗莎是否“微笑”由看官你的心情確定ScientistshavediscoveredwhytheMonaLisa’sexpressionlookssodifferenttodifferentpeopleandatdifferenttimes.不同的人在不同的時(shí)間視察蒙娜麗莎的表情會(huì)得到完全不同的印象，對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)找到緣由。Forcenturies,artloversandcriticshavebeenperplexedbyanddebatedtheLeonardoDaVincipaintingsgazeandslightsmile-orisitagrimace?幾百年來(lái)，藝術(shù)愛好者和評(píng)論家始終對(duì)萊奧納多.達(dá)芬奇這幅畫中人物的目光和她的微笑(或是苦相)感到困惑，并對(duì)此進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)辯。ButnewresearchfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFranciscohasshednewlightontheluminousandseeminglychangingfaceoftheMonaLisa.不過，美國(guó)舊金山加利福尼亞高校的一項(xiàng)新探討讓人們對(duì)蒙娜麗莎光明且好像在不斷變更的表情有了新的理解。Throughexperimentsonvisualperceptionandneurology,theydiscoveredthatouremotionsreallydoalterhowweseeaneutralface.通過視覺和神經(jīng)學(xué)試驗(yàn)，科學(xué)家們發(fā)覺，我們的心情的確可以變更我們看待一個(gè)中性的臉部表情的方式。DrErikaSiegelandhercolleaguesstudyhowouremotionschangeourperceptionsoftheworldaroundus-evenwhenwearen’tawarethatsomethinghaschangedourfeelings.來(lái)自該高校的埃麗卡.西格爾博士及其同事探討了心情如何變更我們對(duì)四周世界的理解，即使我們不知道某些事情已經(jīng)變更了自己的心情。Thisreliesonthemoderntheoryof’thebrainasapredictiveorgan,insteadofareactiveone,’saysDrSiegel.西格爾說，這基于“大腦是一種預(yù)料性器官而非反應(yīng)性器官”的現(xiàn)代理論。Inotherwords,’wehavealifetimeofexperienceandweusethoseexperiencestopredictwhatwearegoingtoexperiencenext.’西格爾說明說，換言之，“我們積累了一生的閱歷，并運(yùn)用這些閱歷來(lái)預(yù)料接下來(lái)將要經(jīng)驗(yàn)的事情?！盜ncominginformationisactuallyjustusedtocorrectthepredictionsiftheyturnouttobewrong,’DrSiegelexplains.“假如這種預(yù)料被證明是錯(cuò)誤的，新的信息事實(shí)上只是用于訂正預(yù)料。”So,sheandherteampredictedthathowweperceiveanewface-ashappy,sad,friendly,neutral-actuallyhasalotmoretodowiththefeelingswearecarryingaroundwhenwegreetitthantheexpressiononthatface.因此，西格爾及其團(tuán)隊(duì)預(yù)料，人們對(duì)一張新面孔——原委是開心、哀痛、友好，還是中性——的理解，事實(shí)上會(huì)更多地與我們遇見這張面孔時(shí)自身的心情有關(guān)，而不是這張面孔的實(shí)際狀況。DrSiegelandheteamcanactuallysimulatethatsubconsciousexperienceofourfeelingsthankstoatrickourvisionplaysonus.事實(shí)上，西格爾的團(tuán)隊(duì)利用視覺可能欺瞞我們的原理模擬出了人類情感的潛意識(shí)閱歷。Weallhaveonedominanteyeandonemorepassivenon-dominantone.每個(gè)人都有一個(gè)主視眼和一個(gè)更加被動(dòng)的非主視眼。Ifeacheyeisreceivingdifferentinformation,weonlyconsciouslyperceivewhatdominantonesees.Butnon-dominantsightscanstillseepintooursubconcscious.假如兩個(gè)眼睛接收到的信息不同，那么我們下意識(shí)地只接受主視眼所看到的情景。但非主視眼所看到的信息仍舊會(huì)留在我們的潛意識(shí)中。DrSiegelandherteamusethistogentlyandprimetheirstudyparticipantstofeelonewayoranother.西格爾的團(tuán)隊(duì)利用這一點(diǎn)當(dāng)心地引導(dǎo)，讓探討參加者產(chǎn)生不同的感覺。Theyshowed43peopletwosetsofflashingimagessimultaneously,sothatthedominanteyesawandregisteredneutralexpressions,whilethenon-dominanteye’saw’flashesofneutral,grimacingorsmilingfaces,thattheywouldonlysubconsciouslybeawareof.他們向43人同時(shí)展示兩組一閃而過的照片，以便讓主視眼看到并登記中性表情，同時(shí)讓非主視眼“看到”中性、苦笑或微笑的面孔，而參加者只能下意識(shí)地明白這一點(diǎn)。Afterviewingtheflashingfaces,theresearchersshowedtheparticipantsoptionsoffacesandaskedpickoutwhichonestheyhadseen.在看過這些一閃而過的面孔后，探討人員讓參加者看面孔圖片，并讓他們選擇出哪些是曾經(jīng)看到過的。Whentheirnon-dominanteyeshadseenahappyface,theyweremorelikelytothinktheneutralfacehadactuallybeensmiling,andthesamewastrueforgrimacesandneutralfaces.當(dāng)參加者中非主視眼看過的是笑臉時(shí)，他們更傾向于認(rèn)為中性面孔事實(shí)上是在微笑。而對(duì)于看到了苦痛和中性表情的面孔的參加者，他們也有同樣看法。Thismeansthat’ifyouseetheMonaLisaafteryouhavejusthadascreamingfightwithyourhusband,you’regoingtosee[thepainting]differently,’saysDrSiegel.西格爾說，這意味著“假如一個(gè)人剛剛同丈夫大吵一架，那么在她看到蒙娜麗莎這幅畫后會(huì)有不同的理解”。Butifyou’rehavingthetimeofyourlifeattheLouvre,you’regoingtoseetheenigmaticsmile,’sheadds.她補(bǔ)充說：“但假如你正在享受盧浮宮的美妙時(shí)間的話，那你便會(huì)看到蒙娜麗莎神奇的微笑?！盬earethearchitectsofourownexperience.O