高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解課件

高中英語閱讀理解部分解題技巧

二輪英語01考查內(nèi)容事實細(xì)節(jié)題考查：主要測試學(xué)生對特定細(xì)節(jié)或重要事實的辨認(rèn)能力考查內(nèi)容:涉及時間、地點、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、方式以及在議論文中可以涉及例證的細(xì)節(jié)和定義類的細(xì)節(jié)。常見細(xì)節(jié)理解題命題包括直接信息題、間接信息題、數(shù)字計算題和細(xì)節(jié)排序題。整體分布：事實細(xì)節(jié)題所占閱讀理解題總量的60%難度分析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題有時比較直接，在文中直接可以找到信息，有時需要歸納、概括和推理才能答題。分析近幾年高考英語閱讀試題中細(xì)節(jié)題由過去簡單的對號入座直接答題,轉(zhuǎn)向通過語句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來考查對英語語言的理解能力，因此難度比往年有所增加?？挤ㄌ骄?2干擾項特點03正確選項特點04提問方式1.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)________?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?(三誤一正)3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?(三正一誤)4Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat_________.5.....05題型分類細(xì)節(jié)排序題數(shù)字計算題間接信息題直接信息題06解題技巧技巧點撥若針對舉例子,名人名言出題,只需要例子,名言前后的內(nèi)容，然后與選項核對。01細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項特點:與原文內(nèi)容相反;與原文內(nèi)容一半相符，一半不同;敘述過于絕對化;原文沒有提及.06細(xì)節(jié)題的答案一般是同義替換項或者同義轉(zhuǎn)換項03在出現(xiàn)一些關(guān)鍵詞，如however、but、moreover、therefore、thus時，要特別注意句子前后意義的轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進(jìn)，因果等關(guān)系。02選項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是答案。如:must,never,themost,all,merelyonly,haveto,any,no,completely,none,等。但不是絕對，也有例外。04注意選項中的副詞，形容詞和介詞短語等與原文是否一致。如:must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,moreorless,likely,all,never,few等存在程度不同，經(jīng)常被偷換，往往被忽視。05THINK副詞一般以什么結(jié)尾？ly注意以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞friendly友好的lovely可愛的lively生動的lonely孤獨的deadly致命的monthly每月的yearly每年的daily每日的weekly每周的一般情況加-lyquick-quickly,brave-bravely，immediate-immediately輔音字母+-y將y改成i,再加lyeasy-easily,happy-happily,heavy-heavily-le結(jié)尾去e加-ysimple-simply,gentle-gently元音字母+-e結(jié)尾去e加lytrue-truly-ll結(jié)尾只加-yfull-fully,dull-dullyic結(jié)尾加-allybasic-basically,scientific-scientifically形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則Changetheadjectivetoadverbbusy-

.huge-

.natural-

.shrill-

.possible-

.beautiful-

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due-

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angry-

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.busilyhugelyshrillynaturallypossiblybeautifullyclassicallydulylazilyangrilyterriblytragicallyfullycarefullyWhatisthefunctionofadverb?Let'swatchavideoandsummarizethefunctionofadverb修飾動詞1.Althoughitwasraining

(heavy),theydidn'tleave.2.Mysisterisdoingherhomework

(careful)carefullyheavily修飾形容詞1.Weareall

(entire)responsibleforouractionsandforourreaction.2.Itis

(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.entirelycertainly修飾整個句子2.

(general),itistruethatformaleducationandtheresultingqualificationsareimportant.1.

(lucky),shedidn'thurtverybadly.LuckilyGenerally12354showtime1.

(fortunate),hegotonthattrain.2.I

(deep)respecthercourage.Fortunatelydeeply1.Asthesmallboatmoved

(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.2.

(frank),Idonotwishtostopthem.gentlyFranklyacupofmilkteacongratulations1.ThestoriesaboutHawaiiwere

(huge)popularwithtourists.2.Itis

(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.hugelycertainly1.Landingonthemoon'sfarside(背面)is

(extreme)challenging.2.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher

(educate).extremelyeducation題型突破0301題型1：直接信息題方法：直接信息題--定位比對找答案直接信息題常以應(yīng)用文的形式出現(xiàn)在考題中，涉及的話題有:廣告類、活動安排類、書籍或電影介紹類、演出信息類等。設(shè)問方式多為以5W1H(what，who,when,where,why和how)等開頭的特殊疑問句。解此類試題常用“定位比對”法。題型1實戰(zhàn)演練訓(xùn)練1：(2022·新高考全國I·A片段)LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero. B.Youwilllosealettergrade. C.Youwillbegivenatest. D.Youwillhavetorewriteit. 23.A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。一、在題干中標(biāo)注定位詞submitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate，二、在原文中找出信息句，即LateWork部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate，itwillearnazero”，三、比對選項與信息句，可知答案為A。題型1：實戰(zhàn)演練訓(xùn)練2：(2024年新高考I卷B篇)...Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.25.WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets?A.Hewastrainedinitatuniversity. B.Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian. C.Hebenefitedfromitasapatient. D.Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners. [解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.(然后，他嘗試了針灸，這是一種古老的中國療法，并驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)過兩三次治療，他的病情有所好轉(zhuǎn)。對獸醫(yī)有效的方法似乎對他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了這些技術(shù)幾年后，他開始把它們提供給寵物。)”可知，F(xiàn)arber作為患者從針灸中受益，這促使他決定嘗試在寵物上使用針灸。故選C.[答案】C題型1:實戰(zhàn)演練訓(xùn)練3：(2023年新高考I卷A篇)GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill. B.TheSkinnyBridge. C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DamSquare. [解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.(旅游團每小時從大壩廣場出發(fā)，每天下午1點開始)”可知，導(dǎo)游城市之旅從大壩廣場開始。故選D。[答案]D02題型2：間接信息題間接細(xì)節(jié)題相比直接細(xì)節(jié)題，命題的隱蔽性更強，正確選項一般都會在原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造?？疾榫C合細(xì)節(jié)題的體裁常為記敘文、說明文或議論文，涉及人與社會、人與自我和人與自然三大主題語境。常考類型:①同義轉(zhuǎn)述類:為了增加迷惑性，出題人有時會利用同義詞、近義詞甚至反義詞等對題干或正確答案進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。②數(shù)字計算類:此類題要求考生對表示時間、數(shù)量等的數(shù)字信息進(jìn)行加工，重在考查考生對具體細(xì)節(jié)信息的處理能力，故試題涉及的計算相對簡單。③綜合細(xì)節(jié)類:此類試題涉及一段內(nèi)的多個信息點或多段內(nèi)容且各個細(xì)節(jié)信息都能在文章中找到?？忌邆湟欢ǖ母爬ɑ驓w納能力才能正確作答。高頻同義轉(zhuǎn)換(高頻短語類)aheadoftimearriveat placesofinterest inspiteof resultinbeaccustomedto trydoingmeet/satisfy/fulfillone'sdemand/requirement/need=inadvance=previous =reach=getto=approach=touristattraction=despite=leadto=contributeto=beusedtodoing=attemptto題型2：實戰(zhàn)演練訓(xùn)練1：(2022·全國甲·B片段)Goffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.24.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions. B.Byusingatool. C.Byturningtheboxaround. D.Byremovingthelid. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。一讀題干，鎖定關(guān)鍵詞，即How，getthenut;二掃原文，鎖定信息區(qū)間，即第一段中的“Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.”和“...thebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped‘keys’tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect‘key’wouldletoutthenut.”，B項是對信息區(qū)間的同義描述，即在實驗中。鳳頭鸚鵡是通過使用工具從盒子里取出堅果的。故選B。訓(xùn)練2：(2024年新高考I卷A篇)AGE,SKILLS,WHATTOBRINGVolunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelinesforyouthundertheageof15.BringyourcompletedVolunteerAgreementForm.Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparent/guardianapprovalsectionsigned.We'llbeworkingrainorshine.Wearclothesthatcangetdirty.Bringlayersforchangingweatherandaraincoatifnecessary.23.Whatarethevolunteersexpectedtodo?A.Bringtheirowntools. B.Workeveninbadweather. C.Wearateamuniform. D.Doatleastthreeprojects. [解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“We'llbeworkingrainorshine.(我們將風(fēng)雨無阻地工作)”可知，身為志愿者，即使天氣不好也要工作。故選B項。[答案]B題型2：實戰(zhàn)演練訓(xùn)練3：(2023年新高考1卷B篇)WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone. C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor. [解析]間接信息題。對原文多處信息整合。根據(jù)第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(當(dāng)約翰·托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往變得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?(在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。

為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌?哪些魚類會食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)?)”可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強。故選C。題型2：實戰(zhàn)演練03題型3：數(shù)字題型數(shù)字計算題的話題有:1.廣告類;2.故事類;3.科普知識類:4.史地自然類;5.文化教育類。數(shù)字計算題一般會涉及時間、年齡、價錢、數(shù)量、距離等的簡單計算。一般來說，計算量都比較小，容易計算。但是英語閱讀中的數(shù)字計算必須要找出計算背后所隱含的信息。這些信息會涉及對某個難句的理解，從這個角度上講，理解文中相應(yīng)的復(fù)雜句是解這類題的關(guān)鍵。設(shè)問方式以when，inwhichyear,howmany/much等疑問詞(組)開頭引出問題。解此類試題常用“整合推算”法。此類題要求考生對具體細(xì)節(jié)信息,尤其是年齡、時間、數(shù)量等數(shù)字信息進(jìn)行加工.試題的重點不在于計算,而在于考查考生對具體信息的處理能力。題型3：實戰(zhàn)演練訓(xùn)練1：(2022·全國乙·A片段)Admission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.22.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16.

數(shù)字計算題。一讀題干尋找關(guān)鍵詞acouplewithtwochildrenunder12，二在Admission部分中標(biāo)記￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree，三用加法推算答案，即一對夫婦應(yīng)付4+4=8(英鎊)，兩個12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費，即入場費為8英鎊。故選B。訓(xùn)練2：(2024年新高考I卷A篇)AGE,SKILLS,WHATTOBRINGVolunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelinesforyouthundertheageof15.BringyourcompletedVolunteerAgreementForm.Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparent/guardianapprovalsectionsigned.We'llbeworkingrainorshine.Wearclothesthatcangetdirty.Bringlayersforchangingweatherandaraincoatifnecessary.Bringapersonalwaterbottle,sunscreen,andlunch.Noexperiencenecessary.Trainingandtoolswillbeprovided.Fulfills(滿足)communityservicerequirements.22.WhatistheloweragelimitforjoiningtheHabitatRestorationTeam?A.5. B.10. C.15. D.18. [解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Volunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.(歡迎10歲及以上的志愿者)”可知，加棲息地恢復(fù)小組的最低年齡限制是10歲。故選B項。題型3：實戰(zhàn)演練訓(xùn)練3：(2023全國乙卷C篇)Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK’sobsession(癡迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it'snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.10.Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?A.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%.[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.”(幾乎三分之一的人表示他們現(xiàn)在使用的配料比以前更多，將近四分之一的人表示他們現(xiàn)在購買的配料質(zhì)量比以前更好。)可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故選D項。題型3：實戰(zhàn)演練04題型4：細(xì)節(jié)排序第一步：審讀題干和四個選項的內(nèi)容第二步:利用首尾，排除掉部分選項，縮小范圍第三步：如排序內(nèi)容較多，再查看剩余選項的異同處，縮小范圍;如排序內(nèi)容較少，一般即可快速得出答案。解題原則:采用“首尾定位法”，先根據(jù)第一個事件和最后一個事件縮小范圍，再根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件發(fā)生的正確順序。細(xì)節(jié)排序技巧Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(過敏的)reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.Izzy,nine,restartedfatherColm'sheartbystamping(踩)onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.Izzy'smother,Debbie,immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimet