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文檔簡介
3nAN^a£°1.Thewordsusedbythespeakermaystir
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up^?5:d£?E(£T'£?^Ae£??^dunfavorablereactionsinthelistenerwhichinterferevi.
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transmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.
11見食土%%為a22
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3nAN^a£°Thephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremainglobally
competitivewhileavoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdensimposedby
employmentrules,healthcarecostsandpensionplans.
,臺1
i^Eib£°±^apAO-?iEEQThephenomenonprovidesaway,°6A?pAforcompanies
toremaingloballycompetitiveD&ETa
way,x4-SI"0i?£whiled?°6pAidOU9'日姐】1avoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowing
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3nAN^a£0Specialistsinhistoryandeconomics,haveshowntwothings:thatthe
periodfrom1650to1750wasmarkedbygreatpoverty,andthatindustrialization
certainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthe
majorityofthepopulace.
110
haIb£i^apAO-?4EEQSpecialistsinhistoryandeconomics,haveshowntwo
02
things,A°A°6A?pA-01^^.bthat-O±ddyp^pAA^i0'6^a£^EuAQEC
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3nAN^a:Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asan
insuranceagainsttheunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommodity
whichhemustsellinordertoreplaceoldagriculturalimplementsandobtain
chemicalfertilizerstofeedthesoil.
,自11Id:±^apAO^-.EOUA00AQ0:Hemustusethissurplusinthree
ways,AOoACK§)o6pA2e,basbyp^pA2<:AD^a11,x-?x61,jEaODpUEy,bas^a11pA°
EDA2e-OEQasacommodity...,06A?pAwhichdypMpA^I"61'6%為whichhemust
sell...D&EIcommodity,^aOD^eE^a11inorderto…'6'臺RAXz6i.
°EDA'E?a£°SUrplusE£0a£-11yELE^.1yE£pA£-iE£OapA
replacet???sow2¥00implement1u%B£?v.0'£)£)insurance±£Oi£-i±£iO
21
fertilizer-EAI£-^?~-Eunpredictable!?"C)aa]Akfeedta?(N0AIpE)commodity古士也?
2
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1°Ad?-響》OlAEAia^^AIi£
3□AN%&£。Inasignificanttighteningoflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,the
LordChancellor,willintroduceadraftbillthatwillproposemakingpaymentsto
witnessesillegalandwillstrictlycontroltheamountofpublicitythatcanbegiven
toacasebeforeatrialbegins.
】田宜fd£。土為%為口入。+,它倉C,JEadDtheLord
Chancellor!aO^6ipAI^i?6i£-.EpA^O-?6ipAEi-Y£--thatdyp^O?,oSI"Oi'0^a£^D&EIa
draft
bill40Oad?SI"6iz6^apAI?0U2i-OEQOEandAi^OpAA^,b2-O113E£-i5:aODpUS[^2£-Owil
1strictlycontroltheamountofpublicityODpA±06iamountof
publicity06A?z06DthatdypMpA^I"6izO^athatcanbegiventoacasebeforeatrial
begins.
Z22
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bill-"°,£?SEp¥introduceIa3o£-idyh0£?heEUpublicity1?£,aDuz?£-)^01a
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2.?-6爸土%3述而%之
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AE2°,£-i/EaOE)h?h-'de1-IdOnEE,SI-NEOOUIY--DDI3^2,no0d5A^iaOU°
E6AiO@Q°816°i含3亡?它i£
3n°PublicationofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecausedastormof
mediaprotestwhenhesaidtheinterpretationofprivacycontrolscontainedin
EuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudgesratherthantoParliament.
11za,它
haj£EIb£°±^aEQO?4b4°I^a£-ieE^EQO-?Publicationofthelettercame....,two
daysafterLordIrvinecausedastormofmedia
protest...13xz6i£-iDE>EiO-r^apAI^6icame;06AaepAwhenbyp^6?,dE±^ax'6i'O^awhe
nhesaid....,D&EIQ°A?zO^aODpAt^6i2-Ocausedastormofmedia
protest,^adBsaid°6A?EQb?,b±d6i/6^a£°O-r6iEQtheinterpretationofprivacy
controls,1yE¥?0zEha11containedinEuropeanlegislaionx4-privacy
controlspA<]["6i£-iiap±6uSI"6izO^awhichwerecontainedinEuropean
legislation;i^6iEQwouldbelefttojugdesratherthantoParliament
°EDAzE?a£°publication-<:±i£-n3do?privacydpm”
土o2自
astormofmediaprotest?-Q0eapAA^ia<:delegislationAC?protest±16
beleftto±?^?,0£-iAd,0
±^UEIIn£°?一0蒼土為亙?
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3nAS^a£°Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnotuntilthe19thcenturythatthe
newspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronicmedium,followinginthewakeof
thepamphletandthebookandinthecompanyoftheperiodical.
壇反。土%為。
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wasnotuntilthe19thcenturythat...,±?Qep-?-pA2-OECnotuntilthe19th
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century;OUthatdyp^pA6^aOD£-iO4-AEIthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-
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medium,100U-0'E^a11x-?xz6i£->DPEIz6%卻AO:,它\£±^apAANpaEQEy>bha1x£°not
until(0±p4...2A)inthewakeof(60...0?°6)inthecompanyof(°eEaej^Aa°e)
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3nAN^a£°Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolutionspeeded
up,beginningwithtransport,therailwayandleadingonthroughthetelegraph,the
telephone,radio,andmotionpicturesintothe20th-centuryworldofthemotorcar
andtheairplane.
11
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(,6..<aE^£-.^6xAEQ.?...,O±p^.....)xX6i£^EpA^I"DA,iAiipA?1
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Itisgenerallyrecognized,however,thattheintroductionofthecomputerinthe
20thcentury,followedbytheinventionofintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,
radicallychangedtheprocess,althoughitsimpactonthemediawasnot
immediatelyapparent.
11o
^a5:EIb£±^apAd4-AEEQltisgenerallyrecognized,however,that....,
itEQDIEhO^OiE-nthatdypMpAO^Oiz6^aEQO?0ypAO^6i£-iffiaODtheintroductionofthe
computerintheearly20thcentury....radicallychangedthe
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°EDA'E?a£°radically,S土麻i0£?,u功p0impactO°ii£-?3
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Azi£
3nAN^a£°Thecommunicationsrevolutionhasinfluencedbothworkandleisureand
howwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeencontroversial
viewsaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications.
11ozxa2o2
^affiEib£±^aEC0?id0-?6j°I^aE-nOEbut-01A^-0£-n5:a0Dbut0@CpAc-O^a
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influenced,±b6i°u0-iA^2,O£-'O?.bEQAuzExExebothworkand
leisure;0?,bEQ'O^ahowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime.
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o-01
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Oude?£
3nAN^a£°Becausetheyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnew
intellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousand
needtheconfidencethatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheir
accomplishmentsareadmiredbyothers.
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to...,°oAaeEQO4-^ateenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedtheconfidence...;
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2
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3nAN^aE°However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuch
competitionthatitwouldbewisetoplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinners
thanlosers,forexample,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbook
reviews,displayingstudentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.
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ublishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,displayingstudent
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1.Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimes
committedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthe
majorcontributinginfluence.2.Theoriescenteringontheindividualsuggest
thatchildrenengageincriminalbehaviorbecausetheywerenotsufficiently
penalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehavior
throughinteractionswithothers.3.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsociety
suggestthatchildrencommitcrimesinresponsetotheirfailuretoriseabove
theirsocioeconomicstatusorasarejectionofmiddled?classvalues.
“31i碗id£。
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nAN^apAO^-AEEQTheories...suggestthat...or
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pU3,d3nAN^apAO-^OiEQTheories£-iIOOU-O^E^a11focusingontheroleof
societyx4-0-?0ipASl"Oi£-it^OiEQsuggest£-?zoODthatbyp^pAibOizO^athatchildren
commitcrimes...°6A?pAA^,d^ezE^a11inresponsetotheirfailuretoriseabove
theirsocioeconomicstatusOeasarejectionofmiddle-classvaluesx-?q°Aaecommit
crimes]jAx^oiLiiiE^QaEUAe?^xipAo-Odi£aspAdaE^EQ"x-?ian?£
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A3ai£
3nAN:Ma£o1.TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-
enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhat
shallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsand
servicesthattheywantmost.
2.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividual
consumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsand
thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdetermine
whatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.
4a1^EidE01.±^3£50?,0,z°I^a£-iO-?,ElaTheAmericaneconomicsystemis
z
organizedarounda...economy£-i^aODeconomy06AaepAwhichdyp^d?4oSf'OiO^ain
whichconsumerslargelydetermine£-<DPEIeconomy
£?0a,bS["6izO^apAO^-OiEQconsumers£-iihOiEQdetermine£-i°6A?pA±bOizO^awhat
shallbeproducedEQdeterminepA±b6i£?whatshallbeproduced°dAaepA-O^E^a11by
spendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthatthey
want
mostx:x'6i£->EpA^Iu?6二AEu2uE2Az2uJE-pA?^E^£?^aA?pAT"OizO^athat
theywantmostD&Eigoodsandservices
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